{ "model": { "rank": 2732, "code": "thing-q171953", "model_id": "vr.tr.numididae", "name": "Numididae", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise guineafowl as members of Numididae, assess the condition of identified birds or populations, and determine which observations or interventions their circumstances support.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.LIV", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q171953/", "tier": 2, "score": 98, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [], "aliasCount": 0, "merged": 0, "knownIn": 98, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q171953", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171953", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T11:23:28Z", "providers": [ "Codex", "Grok" ], "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "usd": 0.040655, "turns": 2, "seconds": 183.3, "error": null }, "codex": { "seconds": 110.5, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07b99-1703-7512-a2ce-aa9968ac5d98\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: Numididae\nRegistry id: vr.tr.numididae\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.LIV\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\nA Ver" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q171953", "registryId": "vr.tr.numididae", "name": "Numididae", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.LIV" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q171953/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.numididae", "name": "Numididae", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise guineafowl as members of Numididae, assess the condition of identified birds or populations, and determine which observations or interventions their circumstances support.", "definition": "Numididae is the family of endemic sub-Saharan African galliforms (guineafowl): four living genera of terrestrial, ground-nesting, insect- and seed-eating birds with typically unfeathered heads (casque, wattles, crest, or a vulturine nape patch) and, in most species, dark plumage densely spotted or vermiculated with white.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the family-level recognition and assessment framework for vr.tr.numididae in PHY / PHY.LIV, linking species-specific evidence to individual birds, flocks and populations without treating the family itself as an organism.", "in_scope": [ "Taxonomic membership and uncertainty in assigning birds to Numididae.", "Guineafowl identification using morphology, vocalisations and supporting provenance.", "Life stage, reproductive condition, mobility and observable welfare of member birds.", "Flock composition, ground use, roosting and habitat relationships.", "Wild, captive, domestic and feral contexts that affect interpretation and action." ], "out_of_scope": [ "Complete species and subspecies monographs or independent copies of their models.", "General Galliformes anatomy and the classification of neighbouring bird families.", "Poultry enterprise economics, meat processing and egg-product quality.", "Veterinary diagnosis, treatment protocols and pathogen models.", "Habitat management plans and jurisdiction-specific wildlife regulations as independent subjects." ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Check that the resolved scientific name belongs to Numididae rather than relying on the common word 'fowl'; Numididae is a family within Galliformes. [NCBI Taxonomy](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?command=show&id=8990&mode=node)", "For a helmeted-guineafowl candidate, test the combination of a bony casque, partly bare head, wattles and finely white-spotted dark plumage against chicken, turkey and other galliform alternatives; no single feature establishes family membership. [Animal Diversity Web](https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Numida_meleagris/)", "Before rejecting a young helmeted-guineafowl candidate, account for its less-developed casque and wattles and less conspicuous spotting; adult appearance is not a valid universal age-independent test. [Animal Diversity Web](https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Numida_meleagris/)", "For birds without the helmeted combination, require an identification key covering other Numididae members rather than equating Numididae with Numida meleagris.", "Compare an attributable recording with species-labelled reference calls when appearance is inconclusive; flocking, ground feeding or a harsh call alone cannot separate guineafowl from other galliform birds." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Taxonomic assignment", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Accepted taxon, authority, version and resolution: family, genus, species or unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Determines which guineafowl evidence and species-specific expectations apply." }, { "name": "Identification confidence", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Supported, provisional, conflicting or unresolved; linked observations", "why_it_matters": "Prevents a tentative sighting from becoming a definitive species record." }, { "name": "Head and neck configuration", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Casque, crest, wattles, bare-skin extent and colour; absent, present or unobservable", "why_it_matters": "Supports discrimination among guineafowl candidates while preserving age-related uncertainty." }, { "name": "Plumage pattern", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Spotting, striping, colour patches and feather distribution by body region", "why_it_matters": "Combines with head features to distinguish candidates without assuming all guineafowl are spotted." }, { "name": "Life stage", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Egg, keet, juvenile, adult or unknown", "why_it_matters": "Changes identification cues, dependence and assessment priorities." }, { "name": "Body mass", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "g, with date, method and species/life-stage context", "why_it_matters": "Supports condition and growth assessment without inventing a family-wide normal range." }, { "name": "Locomotor and feeding condition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Observed walking, running, flight, balance and feeding performance; impairment or unknown", "why_it_matters": "Helps distinguish an apparently functioning bird from one requiring closer assessment." }, { "name": "Flock composition", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Bird count by identified taxon and life stage, with uncertainty and survey effort", "why_it_matters": "Supports interpretation of isolation, brood presence and changes in local abundance." }, { "name": "Occurrence and management context", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Wild, captive, domestic, feral or unknown; native/introduced status recorded separately", "why_it_matters": "Prevents location or tameness from being mistaken for origin, ownership or permission to intervene." }, { "name": "Breeding condition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Unknown, no breeding observed, courtship, nesting, incubation or brood attendance", "why_it_matters": "Makes nesting disturbance and dependent young visible in action decisions." } ], "affordances": [ "Identify a guineafowl observation to the finest defensible taxonomic level and retain unresolved alternatives.", "Collect photographs, attributable calls and repeat counts without deliberately provoking alarm or flushing.", "Compare condition and growth observations against references appropriate to the identified species and life stage.", "Track flock, brood and roost observations to flag changes requiring investigation.", "Assess proposed handling, housing, movement or release using identification, dependence, origin and applicable external permissions.", "Route uncertain identification, injury or unusual mortality to the appropriate specialist with supporting evidence." ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "wikipedia-guineafowl", "title": "Guinea fowl", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea_fowl", "what_it_supports": "Family circumscription, four genera, living species list, morphology, African endemism, and phylogenetic placement among Galliformes.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "bow-numididae", "title": "Guineafowl (Numididae), version 1.0, in Birds of the World", "url": "https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/numidi1/cur/introduction", "what_it_supports": "Eight-species, four-genus treatment; habitat split between well-known savanna species and poorly known forest species; IUCN status mix (mostly Least Concern, one Vulnerable).", "url_status": "unverified" }, { "id": "ioc-oiseauxnet", "title": "Numididae - systematic classification (IOC World Bird List v15.1)", "url": "https://www.oiseaux.net/oiseaux/famille.numidides.html", "what_it_supports": "Current IOC species list of eight guineafowl in four genera, including the three-way split of crested Guttera.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "col-numididae", "title": "Numididae Reichenbach, 1850", "url": "https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/DFV", "what_it_supports": "Accepted family status and cross-identifiers (Wikidata, ITIS, GBIF, iNaturalist, Avibase, IRMNG).", "url_status": "blocked" }, { "id": "commons-numididae", "title": "Category:Numididae", "url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Numididae", "what_it_supports": "Authority file and taxonomic identifiers: Wikidata Q171953, NCBI 8990, ITIS TSN 176121, GBIF 5260.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "plosone-nigeria-2022", "title": "Multivariate characterisation of morpho-biometric traits of indigenous helmeted Guinea fowl (Numida meleagris) in Nigeria", "url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0261048", "what_it_supports": "Village production systems and adult body-mass range for indigenous helmeted guineafowl.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "wpsj-shoyombo-2021", "title": "Characterisation of indigenous helmeted guinea fowls in Nigeria for meat and egg production", "url": "https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00439339.2021.1974287", "what_it_supports": "Flock size, 14-week live and dressed weights, dressing percentage, and annual egg yield under backyard versus intensive management.", "url_status": "blocked" }, { "id": "birdlife-g-verreauxi", "title": "Western Crested Guineafowl Guttera verreauxi species factsheet", "url": "http://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/western-crested-guineafowl-guttera-verreauxi/text", "what_it_supports": "BirdLife/IUCN assessment practice for a crested taxon and the absence of CITES listing on that factsheet.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "wikipedia-white-breasted", "title": "White-breasted guinea fowl", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White-breasted_guinea_fowl", "what_it_supports": "Vulnerable status, West African forest range, and threats from habitat loss and hunting for Agelastes meleagrides.", "url_status": "blocked" }, { "id": "monaco-n-meleagris", "title": "Numida meleagris", "url": "https://www.monaconatureencyclopedia.com/numida-meleagris/?lang=en", "what_it_supports": "Helmeted guineafowl length, mass, clutch size, and egg dimensions.", "url_status": "live" } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "guineafowl-taxonomic-boundary", "name": "Guineafowl taxonomic boundary", "description": "Establish what the family designation includes and how it applies to a particular record.", "rationale": "A family name must not be confused with a species, domestic form or individual bird.", "layers": [ { "id": "family-circumscription", "name": "Family circumscription", "description": "Resolve membership against an explicitly selected classification.", "findings": [ { "id": "accepted-numididae-membership", "name": "Accepted Numididae membership", "description": "Record the authority and taxon concept supporting inclusion, retaining disagreements between classifications.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which classification and version determine the genera and species included in Numididae?", "kind": "definition", "id": "accepted-numididae-membership-q01" }, { "text": "Does the supplied name resolve to this family, a member species, a domestic designation or a different galliform taxon?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "accepted-numididae-membership-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-applicability", "name": "Evidence applicability", "description": "Separate family-level statements from evidence about particular guineafowl.", "findings": [ { "id": "species-to-family-transfer", "name": "Species-to-family transfer", "description": "Require an explicit applicability judgement before transferring observations about one member to another.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does this claim concern Numididae generally, one species, a domestic line or a particular flock?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "species-to-family-transfer-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence supports applying this claim beyond the guineafowl population originally studied?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "species-to-family-transfer-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "guineafowl-recognition", "name": "Guineafowl recognition", "description": "Organise observable evidence for distinguishing guineafowl and resolving member taxa.", "rationale": "A helmeted-guineafowl template would misclassify other members and immature or atypically coloured birds.", "layers": [ { "id": "visible-identification", "name": "Visible identification", "description": "Combine head structures, plumage and proportions rather than relying on one conspicuous trait.", "findings": [ { "id": "diagnostic-feature-combination", "name": "Diagnostic feature combination", "description": "Preserve positive, absent and unobservable features separately for each candidate identification.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which casque or crest, bare-skin, wattle and plumage features are actually visible?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "diagnostic-feature-combination-q01" }, { "text": "Which combination separates this candidate from other guineafowl, chickens, turkeys and locally plausible galliform birds?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "diagnostic-feature-combination-q02" }, { "text": "Could life stage, moult or a documented domestic colour variant explain an apparent mismatch?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "diagnostic-feature-combination-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "supporting-identification-evidence", "name": "Supporting identification evidence", "description": "Use calls and documented origin to test visual assignments.", "findings": [ { "id": "call-and-origin-corroboration", "name": "Call and origin corroboration", "description": "Link recordings and locality evidence to the observed bird while keeping them distinct from proof of identity.", "questions": [ { "text": "Can the recorded call be attributed to this bird and matched to a verified species reference?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "call-and-origin-corroboration-q01" }, { "text": "Does locality support the candidate, or could captive origin, escape or introduction explain the occurrence?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "call-and-origin-corroboration-q02" }, { "text": "What additional non-invasive evidence would resolve the remaining identification alternatives?", "kind": "action", "id": "call-and-origin-corroboration-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "guineafowl-condition-and-breeding", "name": "Guineafowl condition and breeding", "description": "Assess functioning, development and reproductive dependence in identified member birds.", "rationale": "Age and breeding context affect both interpretation of appearance and consequences of intervention.", "layers": [ { "id": "development-and-function", "name": "Development and function", "description": "Interpret body condition and behaviour against species and life stage.", "findings": [ { "id": "stage-adjusted-condition", "name": "Stage-adjusted condition", "description": "Record mass trends and observable feeding and movement, distinguishing untested abilities from impairment.", "questions": [ { "text": "What evidence distinguishes a keet, juvenile and adult in the assigned species?", "kind": "definition", "id": "stage-adjusted-condition-q01" }, { "text": "What changes in mass, gait, feeding, plumage or alertness are observed relative to this bird's previous state?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "stage-adjusted-condition-q02" }, { "text": "Which observed deficits require specialist assessment before handling or movement is considered?", "kind": "action", "id": "stage-adjusted-condition-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "nest-and-brood-dependence", "name": "Nest and brood dependence", "description": "Connect eggs and young to observed nesting and attendance without assuming a universal breeding schedule.", "findings": [ { "id": "reproductive-unit-state", "name": "Reproductive unit state", "description": "Record nest activity, brood composition and attendance evidence needed to judge disturbance or separation.", "questions": [ { "text": "What observations establish active nesting, incubation or attendance of young?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "reproductive-unit-state-q01" }, { "text": "Which nearby birds, eggs or keets have an evidenced relationship to this reproductive unit?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "reproductive-unit-state-q02" }, { "text": "Would the proposed visit, capture or relocation separate dependent young or disturb an active nest?", "kind": "action", "id": "reproductive-unit-state-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "guineafowl-flocks-and-habitat", "name": "Guineafowl flocks and habitat", "description": "Describe how identified guineafowl use feeding areas, cover, roosts and social groups.", "rationale": "Habitat and grouping expectations must reflect the member species and local conditions.", "layers": [ { "id": "ground-use-and-roost-access", "name": "Ground use and roost access", "description": "Connect observed activities to resources and accessible refuge.", "findings": [ { "id": "functional-habitat-use", "name": "Functional habitat use", "description": "Record feeding substrates, consumed items, cover and actual roost use without importing one species' habitat preferences.", "questions": [ { "text": "Where and on what does this guineafowl group actually forage?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "functional-habitat-use-q01" }, { "text": "Which resting or roosting sites are used, and what evidence shows that the birds can reach them?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "functional-habitat-use-q02" }, { "text": "Would a proposed habitat or enclosure change remove a demonstrated feeding area, refuge or roost?", "kind": "action", "id": "functional-habitat-use-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "flock-dynamics-and-detection", "name": "Flock dynamics and detection", "description": "Interpret group changes alongside season, breeding state and observation conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "interpretable-flock-change", "name": "Interpretable flock change", "description": "Distinguish measured group changes from missed birds, repeated counts or altered visibility.", "questions": [ { "text": "How many birds and young were observed, with what effort, visibility and risk of double-counting?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "interpretable-flock-change-q01" }, { "text": "Could apparent isolation or flock reduction reflect breeding, movement or detection conditions rather than loss?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "interpretable-flock-change-q02" }, { "text": "Which repeat observation would help distinguish these explanations without disrupting the group?", "kind": "action", "id": "interpretable-flock-change-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "guineafowl-management-decisions", "name": "Guineafowl management decisions", "description": "Connect origin, exposure and population context to defensible interventions.", "rationale": "Similar-looking guineafowl may belong to wild populations, managed flocks or escaped stock, requiring different decisions.", "layers": [ { "id": "origin-and-managed-contact", "name": "Origin and managed contact", "description": "Establish provenance and relevant contact with other birds before movement or mixing.", "findings": [ { "id": "provenance-and-contact-state", "name": "Provenance and contact state", "description": "Keep evidence of management, ownership and contact separate from assumptions based on tameness or location.", "questions": [ { "text": "What records or observations support wild, domestic, captive or feral status for these birds?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "provenance-and-contact-state-q01" }, { "text": "What recent contact with poultry, transported birds or unfamiliar guineafowl groups is documented?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "provenance-and-contact-state-q02" }, { "text": "What provenance or specialist assessment is missing before these birds can be moved or mixed with another flock?", "kind": "action", "id": "provenance-and-contact-state-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "population-sensitive-intervention", "name": "Population-sensitive intervention", "description": "Evaluate proposed action for the identified taxon, locality and affected birds.", "findings": [ { "id": "intervention-eligibility", "name": "Intervention eligibility", "description": "Link capture, relocation, release or husbandry changes to a stated objective and externally established requirements.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which species- and location-specific conservation assessment or documented threat applies to this population?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "intervention-eligibility-q01" }, { "text": "What outcome is intended, and how would intervention affect flock relationships, dependent young and recipient populations?", "kind": "action", "id": "intervention-eligibility-q02" }, { "text": "Which applicable permissions and competence requirements are established, and which remain unresolved?", "kind": "action", "id": "intervention-eligibility-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Helmeted guineafowl (Numida meleagris), including domestic stock", "Vulturine guineafowl (Acryllium vulturinum)", "White-breasted guineafowl (Agelastes meleagrides)", "Black guineafowl (Agelastes niger)", "Plumed guineafowl (Guttera plumifera)", "Eastern crested guineafowl (Guttera pucherani)", "Western crested guineafowl (Guttera verreauxi)", "Southern crested guineafowl (Guttera edouardi)" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of Numididae this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Wikidata", "value_or_pattern": "Q171953", "note": "Family Numididae (not the Wikimedia category Q6671606)." }, { "scheme": "ITIS TSN", "value_or_pattern": "176121", "note": "Family Numididae; genus Numida is TSN 176125." }, { "scheme": "NCBI Taxonomy", "value_or_pattern": "8990", "note": "Family Numididae." }, { "scheme": "GBIF taxon ID", "value_or_pattern": "5260", "note": "Family Numididae." }, { "scheme": "Catalogue of Life", "value_or_pattern": "DFV", "note": "Accepted family; COL attributes the name to Reichenbach, 1850." }, { "scheme": "iNaturalist taxon ID", "value_or_pattern": "1426", "note": "Family Numididae." }, { "scheme": "Avibase", "value_or_pattern": "numidi1", "note": "Family-level Avibase identifier used by Birds of the World." }, { "scheme": "IRMNG", "value_or_pattern": "104837", "note": "Family Numididae." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of Numididae this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "ICZN (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature) governs the family-group name; authorship is cited as de Sélys Longchamps, 1842 in much ornithological usage and as Reichenbach, 1850 in Catalogue of Life/ITIS.", "IOC World Bird List (International Ornithologists' Union) is the checklist that currently treats eight living species, including the split of crested Guttera.", "IUCN Red List assessments, compiled for birds by BirdLife International, assign threat categories to each species (one of eight Vulnerable as of the Birds of the World/IUCN 2025 snapshot).", "CITES does not generally list guineafowl; BirdLife's Guttera verreauxi factsheet records no international trade controls for that species.", "Wild harvest is governed by national hunting and wildlife laws in range states; farmed Numida meleagris is treated as poultry under national meat-hygiene and animal-health rules where it is produced." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of Numididae this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Wild flocks of helmeted and vulturine guineafowl are a regular safari bird in African savanna; the remaining species are forest and woodland birds and are much less often seen.", "Helmeted guineafowl is widely domesticated and kept in village scavenging, semi-intensive, and intensive systems for meat and eggs, especially in West Africa, and as a farmed 'pintade' in Europe and elsewhere.", "Young farmed birds are marketed at about 1 kg live weight as a game-like table bird; adults are also kept for eggs (on the order of 80 eggs per hen per year in backyard flocks, higher under intensive management).", "On farms and large properties they are kept as noisy sentinels and as foragers of ticks and other invertebrates.", "White-breasted and other forest species are hunted and lose habitat; they appear in conservation planning rather than in husbandry." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of Numididae this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Adult body mass (helmeted guineafowl)", "typical_range": "1.15-1.60", "unit": "kg" }, { "quantity": "Body length (helmeted guineafowl)", "typical_range": "53-63", "unit": "cm" }, { "quantity": "Body length (white-breasted guineafowl)", "typical_range": "up to 45", "unit": "cm" }, { "quantity": "Clutch size (helmeted; communal dumps higher)", "typical_range": "6-13 (observed 5-19)", "unit": "eggs" }, { "quantity": "Egg mass (helmeted)", "typical_range": "29-43", "unit": "g" }, { "quantity": "14-week live mass (Nigerian indigenous helmeted)", "typical_range": "0.92-0.98", "unit": "kg" }, { "quantity": "Dressing percentage (same, 14 weeks)", "typical_range": "74-76", "unit": "%" }, { "quantity": "Eggs per hen per year (backyard to intensive)", "typical_range": "80-147", "unit": "eggs/year" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of Numididae this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Primary-forest loss and hunting have made white-breasted guineafowl Vulnerable; other forest species remain poorly known and hard to monitor.", "Helmeted populations have declined locally from habitat destruction, hunting, and overexploitation.", "Ground nests and clutches are exposed to predation; unusually large 'clutches' are often dump-nests of several females.", "Flocks feed in cultivated fields and are treated as crop pests in some farming areas.", "As farm poultry they are subject to ordinary galliform production losses (keet mortality, disease, predation); this review did not read a disease-specific standard for the family." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of Numididae this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Living-species counts differ by checklist: older treatments and some regional books still use six species by lumping crested Guttera; IOC World Bird List v15.1 uses eight by recognising G. pucherani, G. verreauxi, and G. edouardi.", "Family authorship is cited as de Sélys Longchamps, 1842 or Reichenbach, 1850 depending on the nomenclator.", "English 'guineafowl/guinea fowl', French 'pintade', Italian 'faraona', Afrikaans 'tarentaal', and many local African names (Catalogue of Life lists dozens of vernaculars).", "Helmeted guineafowl is native across much of sub-Saharan Africa and is the only widely introduced and farmed member; vulturine is a northeast-African dry-country bird; Agelastes and Guttera plumifera are Congo-Upper Guinea forest birds.", "Domestic colour strains used in exhibition and village flocks (pearl, white, lavender, and in Nigeria also black) apply to Numida meleagris, not to the forest species." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of Numididae this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Phasianidae (pheasants, francolins, junglefowl)", "difference": "Guineafowl were long treated as a phasianid subfamily; they are now a separate family that diverged tens of millions of years ago. Separate them by the typically bare head (casque, wattles, or crest) plus current galliform phylogenies, not by spotted plumage alone." }, { "name": "Odontophoridae (New World quail)", "difference": "Phylogenetically adjacent (Numididae branch after Cracidae and before Odontophoridae) and similarly often monogamous, but New World, smaller, and without the guineafowl head ornaments." }, { "name": "Turkeys (Meleagris)", "difference": "Similar bare-headed, wattled look and a shared epithet (meleagris/meleagrides), but turkeys are New World, much larger, and not members of Numididae; range and osteology/genetics separate them." }, { "name": "Partridges and other small galliforms", "difference": "Guineafowl can look partridge-like in body plan; the unfeathered head (and, in Guttera, the black crest; in Numida, the bony helmet) is the field test." }, { "name": "Domestic chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus)", "difference": "Kept in the same village and intensive systems; chickens have a comb and hackles rather than a casque, different voice, and different egg shape/shell, and belong to Phasianidae." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of Numididae this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Which current taxonomic authority should define Numididae membership, and how should disagreements over member species or subspecies be represented?", "Which identification keys and verified call collections adequately cover all member taxa, immature birds and documented domestic variants?", "Which body-condition, growth and behavioural references are validated for each species and life stage rather than extrapolated from helmeted guineafowl?", "How do breeding, flocking, habitat and roost requirements vary across member taxa and regions, especially where field evidence is sparse?", "Which locality-specific evidence establishes population origin, conservation pressures and eligibility for capture, movement or release?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 18, "questions": 36 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "organism", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a Numididae, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to recognise guineafowl as members of Numididae, assess the condition of identified birds or populations, and determine which observations or interventions their circumstances support.", "characteristics": { "substance": "living", "origin": "natural", "agency": "autonomous", "mobility": "self-moving" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Described in 98 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a Numididae, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "a living thing", "physicalCharacter": [ "Moves under its own power or of its own accord.", "Acts on its own behalf.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by diagnostic characters, and those differ by life stage - the young of many kinds are mistaken for other kinds entirely. A sighting is settled by characters, a photograph and a place, not by a name alone." ], "relatedModels": [], "standing": "Described in 98 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one Numididae from another, and a Numididae from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a Numididae, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a Numididae, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a Numididae is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a Numididae, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a Numididae, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a Numididae is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a Numididae sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a Numididae, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a Numididae, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a Numididae is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a Numididae from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a Numididae, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a Numididae, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a Numididae is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a Numididae is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a Numididae, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a Numididae, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a Numididae is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Anatomy, parts and life stage.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and life stages", "description": "The parts of a Numididae and the stages it passes through.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a Numididae, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a Numididae, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a Numididae is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a Numididae is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a Numididae, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a Numididae, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a Numididae is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a Numididae is, how it got there and where it may go (self-moving).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a Numididae is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a Numididae, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a Numididae, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a Numididae is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a Numididae moves on its own.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a Numididae, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a Numididae, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a Numididae is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a Numididae passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a Numididae between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a Numididae, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a Numididae, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a Numididae is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a Numididae, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a Numididae is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a Numididae, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a Numididae, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a Numididae is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "taxonomic-placement", "name": "Taxonomic placement and identification", "description": "What Numididae is called scientifically, by whose authority, and how a specimen is recognised.", "rationale": "Names change with revisions while the organism does not, so a name without its authority and date cannot be reconciled later.", "layers": [ { "id": "accepted-name", "name": "Accepted name and synonymy", "description": "The current binomial, its author and date, and the names it replaced.", "findings": [ { "id": "name-and-authority", "name": "Accepted name, authority and synonyms", "description": "What to record so a later revision can be applied without losing the old data.", "questions": [ { "id": "name-and-authority-q01", "text": "What is the accepted scientific name of Numididae, with its author and year, and which synonyms does it absorb?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "name-and-authority-q02", "text": "Which taxonomic authority is being followed, and what would a competing authority say?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "field-identification", "name": "Field identification", "description": "The characters that separate Numididae from what it is confused with.", "findings": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters", "name": "Diagnostic characters and confusable kinds", "description": "Features that settle an identification, and those that only suggest it.", "questions": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q01", "text": "Which observable characters distinguish Numididae from its closest look-alikes, and at which life stage are they visible?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q02", "text": "What evidence is enough to record an identification as confirmed rather than provisional?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "life-cycle-and-condition", "name": "Life stages, condition and behaviour", "description": "What Numididae does over its life and how its state is judged.", "rationale": "Stage and condition change what may be done - handled, treated, harvested, left alone - and both are observations with a time.", "layers": [ { "id": "stages-and-reproduction", "name": "Stages and reproduction", "description": "Development from origin to death, including forms that look like different animals.", "findings": [ { "id": "life-stages", "name": "Life stages and their marks", "description": "The stages worth recording and what tells them apart.", "questions": [ { "id": "life-stages-q01", "text": "What stages does Numididae pass through, and what observable change marks each transition?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "life-stages-q02", "text": "Which stages are so unlike the adult that they are mistaken for another kind?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "health-and-condition", "name": "Health and condition", "description": "How condition is assessed and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition assessment", "description": "Signs of health, injury and stress, and who is competent to judge them.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "How is the condition of Numididae judged, on what scale, and by whom?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "What condition obliges an agent to act, and what act is permitted to whom?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "range-and-status", "name": "Habitat, range and conservation status", "description": "Where Numididae lives and how threatened it is.", "rationale": "Range and status govern what is lawful, and both are assessments with an assessor and a year rather than facts of nature.", "layers": [ { "id": "habitat-and-range", "name": "Habitat and range", "description": "Native range, introductions and the habitat it needs.", "findings": [ { "id": "range-record", "name": "Range, introductions and habitat", "description": "What to record about where it is found and how it got there.", "questions": [ { "id": "range-record-q01", "text": "What is the native range of Numididae, where has it been introduced, and what habitat does it require?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "range-record-q02", "text": "What distinguishes a native record from an introduced or vagrant one?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "protection-status", "name": "Protection and legal status", "description": "Conservation assessments and the rules that follow from them.", "findings": [ { "id": "status-and-rules", "name": "Conservation status and legal consequence", "description": "The assessment, its date, and what it forbids or requires where.", "questions": [ { "id": "status-and-rules-q01", "text": "What conservation status does Numididae hold, under which assessment and year?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "status-and-rules-q02", "text": "What does that status forbid or require of an agent, and in which jurisdiction?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a Numididae came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a Numididae and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a Numididae, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a Numididae, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a Numididae is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a Numididae is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a Numididae, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a Numididae, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a Numididae is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }