chloroform
Enable an agent to identify chloroform, assess the composition and condition of a particular sample, and determine which uses or handling actions require supporting evidence.
Research draft, second pass
A second pass drafted this model: the structure a model of this thing needs, and what is known about it in the world. The line under this one says how the second half was obtained - researched against sources, or recalled without web access, in which case nothing here was read anywhere and every claim is a lead to verify. Unreviewed either way.
recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read
Researched by: Codex
Purpose and description
Enable an agent to identify chloroform, assess the composition and condition of a particular sample, and determine which uses or handling actions require supporting evidence.
Chloroform, also called trichloromethane, is the organochlorine compound CHCl3, a volatile, colorless liquid used as a solvent and chemical feedstock.
It can be Reconcile a label or analytical identification with the registered chloroform identity.; Compare sample composition with the acceptance criteria for a specified solvent use.; Identify missing evidence about stabilizers, water or degradation before qualifying a sample.; Assess evaporation and phase-distribution questions using condition-specific property data.; Associate a proposed transfer or use with applicable containment and exposure-control requirements.; Route chloroform-containing residues to an appropriate waste or environmental assessment..
Distinguishing features
Molecular identity must match CHCl3: one carbon bonded to one hydrogen and three chlorine atoms.
Trichloromethane and chloroform denote the same substance; dichloromethane, CH2Cl2, and carbon tetrachloride, CCl4, do not.
Chloral and chloral hydrate have different molecular identities and must not be accepted as synonyms.
A stabilized commercial sample remains a chloroform preparation, but its declared additives distinguish it from an unstabilized or nominally pure sample.
Deuterated chloroform, CDCl3, requires an explicit isotopic distinction when interpreting analytical identity or suitability.
Scope
+ Chemical identity and distinctions from related chlorinated compounds
+ Sample purity, stabilizers, water content and relevant impurities
+ Physical properties and partitioning under recorded conditions
+ Storage history, degradation evidence and fitness for a specified use
+ Exposure pathways, containment and environmental disposition
- Other chlorinated solvents as independent substances
- Complete formulations or environmental mixtures containing chloroform
- Design and operation of solvent-processing equipment
- Clinical anaesthesia, poisoning diagnosis and treatment
- Manufacturing process design and synthesis instructions
Characteristics
- Chemical identity
- Trichloromethane; CHCl3; identity evidence recorded Prevents substitution with similarly named or related chlorinated compounds.
- Chloroform content
- Mass fraction or amount fraction, with method and uncertainty Separates substance identity from the composition of a supplied or recovered sample.
- Stabilizer formulation
- Declared stabilizer identity; none declared; unknown Additives can affect storage assessment and suitability for analytical or process uses.
- Stabilizer concentration
- mg/kg or mass %, with analytical or supplier evidence A stabilizer name alone does not establish the current composition of a sample.
- Water content
- mg/kg, with test method and sampling date Water can affect solvent performance and interpretation of grade claims.
- Physical state
- Solid, liquid, vapour or multiphase, at stated temperature and pressure Determines which transfer, containment and measurement assumptions apply.
- Vapour pressure
- kPa at stated temperature Supports assessment of evaporation and potential airborne exposure.
- Liquid density
- kg/m3 at stated temperature Supports quantity conversion and interpretation of liquid-phase separation.
- Degradation assessment
- Unassessed; no targeted products detected within method limits; products detected; inconclusive Keeps condition judgments tied to actual tests rather than appearance or age alone.
- Storage and opening history
- Links to container, receipt, opening, light exposure and temperature records Provides context for deciding whether existing composition evidence remains applicable.
- Use qualification
- Sample linked to intended use, acceptance criteria and supporting evidence A sample suitable for one solvent application may fail another application's requirements.
Also called
Where this came from
wikidata · CC0 1.0
Also registered as vr.tr.chloroform
Drafted structure
Bundle to layer to finding to question, as the second pass will find it: 6 bundles · 11 layers · 19 findings · 32 questions.
Identity and boundaries Establish what counts as chloroform and where neighbouring substance or mixture models take over.
Similar names, related solvents and isotopic variants can otherwise produce incorrect identity matches.
Molecular identity
Connect names and identifiers to trichloromethane.
Identity evidence
Record the evidence connecting a material to CHCl3 rather than relying on a label alone.
- Which authoritative identifiers and synonyms establish this entry as trichloromethane, CHCl3? definition
- What supplier or analytical evidence supports the identity of the particular sample? provenance
Related material boundaries
Separate ordinary chloroform from neighbouring compounds, isotopic variants and mixtures.
Substance versus preparation
Preserve the registered substance identity while making sample composition and isotopic distinctions explicit.
- Does the material denote CHCl3, deuterated chloroform or a mixture containing chloroform? boundary
- Which composition details belong on the chloroform sample, and which require a linked formulation or mixture model? boundary
Composition and grade Describe the chloroform content, additives and impurities that determine sample suitability.
Commercial grade names do not fully specify composition or guarantee suitability for every application.
Assay and impurities
Capture measured composition with enough context to interpret purity claims.
Composition basis
Distinguish chloroform assay from water, other solvents and nonvolatile residue measurements.
- What is the measured chloroform content, and on what reporting basis was it calculated? measurement
- Which water, residual-solvent and nonvolatile-residue results support the claimed grade? measurement
Stabilizer and specification
Connect declared additives and grade requirements to the actual lot.
Stabilized sample qualification
Treat stabilizer identity and concentration as explicit sample attributes with application-specific consequences.
- Which stabilizer, if any, is declared for this lot, and what evidence establishes its concentration? provenance
- Does the intended use permit that stabilizer and the measured impurity profile? action
Physical behaviour and solvent use Represent the condition-dependent properties needed to interpret chloroform as a volatile solvent.
Evaporation, phase separation and solvent performance require different evidence and cannot be inferred from identity alone.
Phase and volatility
Relate physical state and vapour formation to temperature, pressure and composition.
Condition-specific properties
Attach conditions and provenance to property values used for a chloroform sample.
- What temperature, pressure and composition apply to the recorded physical state? measurement
- Which sourced density, boiling behaviour and vapour-pressure data apply under those conditions? provenance
Partitioning and performance
Assess chloroform's behaviour in a specified solvent system.
Application-specific phase behaviour
Record the actual solvent system before drawing conclusions about layers, partitioning or extraction performance.
- What are the compositions and measured densities of the phases in the intended system? measurement
- What evidence shows that chloroform provides the required solubility, partitioning or analytical performance for this use? action
Stability and container history Connect chloroform condition to storage exposure, stabilization and targeted degradation evidence.
A chloroform sample's present condition may differ from its original certificate, particularly when degradation is a concern.
Storage exposure
Capture storage facts needed to interpret a sample's condition.
History-dependent assessment
Link opening, light, air and temperature history to product-specific storage requirements.
- What is known about the sample's opening history and exposure to light, air and elevated temperature? provenance
- Which supplier requirements govern storage and reassessment of this particular chloroform formulation? action
Degradation evidence
Define how potential decomposition products and uncertain condition are assessed.
Targeted condition testing
Require sourced relevance and validated measurements for degradation concerns, including potential phosgene or acidic products.
- Which degradation products are relevant under the documented conditions, and what sources establish that relevance? provenance
- What validated test results, detection limits and sample dates support the current condition assessment? measurement
- What evidence is required before this sample can be released for its intended use? action
Exposure and environmental disposition Represent the evidence needed to assess chloroform exposure, containment and residues.
Chloroform in a sealed supply container, workplace air, water or waste requires different measurements and decisions.
Exposure and controls
Connect a proposed activity to chloroform-specific hazard evidence and applicable controls.
Activity-specific exposure assessment
Record exposure routes, measured concentrations and control evidence for the actual activity.
- Which exposure routes are credible for the proposed activity, and what measurements characterize them? measurement
- Which current authoritative hazard classifications and jurisdiction-specific exposure criteria apply? provenance
- What evidence supports the selected containment, ventilation and protective-material compatibility? action
Residues and environmental media
Distinguish chloroform as a substance from its occurrence in wastes, emissions and environmental samples.
Medium-specific disposition
Link measured chloroform content and accompanying substances to the appropriate assessment of the containing medium.
- What chloroform concentration was measured in the air, water, soil or waste, using which sampling and analytical method? measurement
- Which waste or environmental-medium model owns the mixture and its disposition decision? boundary
- Which local requirements and receiving-facility criteria govern the proposed disposition? action
Evidence and external alignment What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.
A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.
Reported evidence
Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.
Check these first
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- This is recalled knowledge; no sources were consulted.
- Physical properties describe approximately pure chloroform; temperature, purity and stabilizers affect measured values.
- Verify current jurisdiction-specific classifications, exposure limits and transport provisions before operational use.
- Which of these check these first hold for the sense of chloroform this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Kinds and varieties
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Ethanol-stabilized chloroform
- Amylene-stabilized chloroform
- Unstabilized chloroform
- Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of chloroform this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Identifiers and schemes
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- CAS Registry Number - 67-66-3 - Identifies chloroform.
- Molecular formula - CHCl3 - One carbon atom bonded to one hydrogen and three chlorine atoms.
- UN dangerous goods number - UN 1888 - Transport identifier for chloroform.
- EC number - 200-663-8 - European substance inventory identifier.
- Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of chloroform this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Standards and regulation
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- UNECE UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods: chloroform is listed as UN 1888, Class 6.1, Packing Group III.
- Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of chloroform this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Real-world use
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Solvent for laboratory extraction and sample preparation.
- Component of phenol-chloroform mixtures used to extract nucleic acids.
- Feedstock for manufacture of chlorodifluoromethane, also known as HCFC-22.
- Solvent for selected organic compounds, fats, resins and polymers.
- Historical inhalation anesthetic, abandoned in routine practice because of toxicity.
- Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of chloroform this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Typical measurements
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Molar mass - 119.38 - g/mol
- Boiling point at approximately 101.3 kPa - 61-62 - °C
- Melting point - approximately -63.5 - °C
- Liquid density at approximately 20 °C - approximately 1.48 - g/cm³
- Solubility in water at approximately 20 °C - approximately 8 - g/L
- Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of chloroform this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Failure modes and hazards
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Vapor exposure can depress the central nervous system, causing dizziness, unconsciousness and, at high exposure, respiratory failure.
- Exposure can damage the liver and kidneys.
- High exposure can cause dangerous cardiac rhythm disturbances.
- Chloroform is a suspected carcinogenic hazard.
- Exposure to oxygen and light can produce highly toxic phosgene; stabilizer condition and storage history affect degradation risk.
- Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of chloroform this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Regional variation
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Occupational exposure limits, emissions controls and hazardous-waste requirements vary by jurisdiction.
- Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of chloroform this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Dichloromethane - CH2Cl2 has two chlorine atoms per molecule; chloroform has three.
- Carbon tetrachloride - CCl4 has four chlorine atoms and no hydrogen; chloroform retains one hydrogen.
- Deuterated chloroform - CDCl3 substitutes deuterium for ordinary hydrogen and is commonly used as an NMR solvent.
- Chloroform-containing formulation - A formulation is a mixture containing chloroform and other substances; this entry describes the chemical compound.
- Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of chloroform this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
What the second pass must settle
- Does an existing Vercy world model already cover trichloromethane, requiring this registry entry to link to it?
- Should deuterated chloroform be represented as an isotopic variant within this model or linked to a separately registered thing?
- Which authoritative property datasets and grade specifications should anchor condition-dependent values and sample acceptance criteria?
- What evidence supports degradation assessment and reassessment intervals across different stabilizers, containers and storage histories?
- Which jurisdictions and intended applications must the first researched publication cover for exposure criteria, permitted uses and waste disposition?