stainless steel
Let an agent explain stainless steel, relay metallurgy, grades, properties and uses from materials science and standards sources, describe the named families and grades, note nickel allergy and corrosion limitations, and distinguish stainless steel from carbon steel, galvanised steel, chrome plating and aluminium.
Research draft, second pass
A second pass drafted this model: the structure a model of this thing needs, and what is known about it in the world. The line under this one says how the second half was obtained - researched against sources, or recalled without web access, in which case nothing here was read anywhere and every claim is a lead to verify. Unreviewed either way.
written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify
Researched by: Claude
Purpose and description
Let an agent explain stainless steel, relay metallurgy, grades, properties and uses from materials science and standards sources, describe the named families and grades, note nickel allergy and corrosion limitations, and distinguish stainless steel from carbon steel, galvanised steel, chrome plating and aluminium.
A family of iron alloys containing at least about 10.5 percent chromium, which forms a thin passive oxide layer that resists corrosion, developed commercially in the 1910s, with Harry Brearley s 1913 work in Sheffield often credited, and classified into austenitic grades such as 304 and 316, ferritic, martensitic, duplex and precipitation-hardening grades such as PH13-8Mo, with surgical stainless steels such as 316L used in medical instruments and implants; stainless steel is highly recyclable, and some grades contain nickel, which can cause allergic reactions in sensitive people.
What it is for: Corrosion-resistant structural and consumer applications.
It can be explain metallurgy and grades; relay properties and uses; describe named families; relay allergy and corrosion limits.
Distinguishing features
Passive chromium oxide film
Several families
Recyclable
Not completely corrosion-proof
What it looks like
A bright silvery metal used in cutlery, sinks, cladding and medical tools.
Physical character
minimum chromium: about 10.5 percent
grade 304: about 18 percent Cr, 8 percent Ni note
Brearley s steel: 1913 year - Sheffield
How it is recognised
Chromium-containing corrosion-resistant steel
PH13-8Mo, duplex, surgical, austenitic, martensitic and ferritic stainless steel
Carbon steel rusts readily; galvanised steel has a zinc coating; chrome plating is a surface layer; aluminium is a different metal
Related models
is a kind of - in registry terms
contains -
includes -
is contrasted with -
In practice
Families and kinds
austenitic
ferritic
martensitic
duplex
precipitation-hardening
surgical grades
Standards and regulation
ASTM A240 and EN 10088 standards
ISO 5832 for implant steels
EU nickel release restrictions under REACH
Failure modes and hazards
Pitting and stress corrosion in chloride environments
Nickel allergy
Assuming all stainless steels are non-magnetic
Also called
+7
Where this came from
wikidata · CC0 1.0
Drafted structure
Bundle to layer to finding to question, as the second pass will find it: 4 bundles · 8 layers · 8 findings · 16 questions.
Understand What stainless steel is.
Science.
Definition
Definition.
Definition
Definition.
- What is stainless steel, and how does it differ from carbon steel, galvanised steel, chrome plating and aluminium? definition
- Is the question about choosing a grade, corrosion, cooking, jewellery allergy or implants? boundary
Families
Named families.
Families
Families.
- How do austenitic, ferritic, martensitic, duplex, PH13-8Mo and surgical stainless steels differ? definition
- Which entry fits the specific grade? action
Metallurgy Metallurgy.
Science.
Passivity
Passive layer.
Passivity
Passivity.
- How does the chromium oxide film protect the steel? provenance
- Which references are standard? provenance
Microstructure
Microstructure.
Microstructure
Microstructure.
- How do nickel and molybdenum change structure and properties? provenance
- Which sources are cited? provenance
Use Use and limits.
Regulation.
Corrosion
Corrosion limits.
Corrosion
Corrosion.
- When does stainless steel still corrode, for example in seawater? provenance
- Which entry fits pitting corrosion? action
Medical
Medical and allergy.
Medical
Medical.
- How are surgical steels used, and what are nickel allergy concerns? provenance
- Which entry fits nickel allergy? action
Context History and recycling.
Context.
History
History.
History
History.
- How did Brearley and others develop stainless steels in the 1910s? provenance
- Which entry fits Harry Brearley? action
Recycling
Recycling.
Recycling
Recycling.
- How is stainless steel recycled? provenance
- Which entry fits steel recycling? action
What the second pass must settle
- Should each family be a separate entry?
- How should standards be linked?
- Should surgical steel be a separate entry?