{ "model": { "rank": 4334, "code": "thing-q172645", "model_id": "vr.tr.humus", "name": "humus", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise humus as transformed organic material in soil, assess its condition and persistence, and judge management actions using evidence appropriate to its local definition.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.MAT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q172645/", "tier": 2, "score": 76, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "amorphous humus", "mull humus", "mor", "moder", "Anmoor", "Moorwiesen" ], "aliasCount": 6, "merged": 6, "knownIn": 76, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q172645", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172645", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T19:59:20Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 23.8, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a087bf-faf4-7471-90ce-7efd674f09b2\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: humus\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.MAT\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 695 things:\n# Batch 004: 1001 registered", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 60, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a087bf-fafb-7162-b386-1325449a3940\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: humus\nRegistry id: vr.tr.humus\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.MAT\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\n\nContext for " } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q172645", "registryId": "vr.tr.humus", "name": "humus", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.MAT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q172645/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.humus", "name": "humus", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise humus as transformed organic material in soil, assess its condition and persistence, and judge management actions using evidence appropriate to its local definition.", "definition": "Humus is the heterogeneous, decomposed organic component of soil in which the original biological structures are largely unrecognizable, although its boundaries and interpretation vary between soil-science traditions.", "scope_statement": "This model owns humus in the soil-material sense: decomposed and transformed organic matter identified under an explicit observational or analytical convention, including its composition, mineral associations, condition and functional contributions.", "in_scope": [ "Operational definitions and identification of humus within soil organic matter", "Biological origins, decomposition history and environmental setting", "Organic composition, mineral associations and measured fractions", "Condition, persistence and contributions to soil properties", "Responses to management and suitability evidence for humus-bearing materials" ], "out_of_scope": [ "The complete soil profile, its mineral classification and land capability", "Living soil organisms and their population dynamics", "Fresh litter, undecomposed residues and raw organic feedstocks", "Compost production and commercial soil-amendment product specifications", "Peat deposits and biochar as independently identified materials", "Isolated humic substances treated as separate analytical or commercial preparations" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Identify transformed organic material rather than treating every root, organism or fresh residue in a soil sample as humus.", "Require an explicit definition or measurement convention; dark colour alone does not establish humus identity or quantity.", "Distinguish humus as a soil constituent from compost as a processed amendment and peat as a material associated with particular accumulation conditions.", "Do not equate humus with an alkaline extract or its humic-acid, fulvic-acid and humin fractions without stating the extraction-based convention.", "Treat humus as heterogeneous organic material with context-dependent behaviour, rather than a pure compound with a single formula or universal melting point." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Humus identification convention", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Named field, analytical or conceptual definition; unspecified", "why_it_matters": "Determines what is counted as humus and whether observations from different sources are comparable." }, { "name": "Sample origin and soil position", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Site, soil horizon, depth interval in cm, collection date and sample identifier", "why_it_matters": "Connects material properties to the environment in which transformation and retention occur." }, { "name": "Organic carbon concentration", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "g C/kg dry sample, with analytical method and inorganic-carbon treatment", "why_it_matters": "Quantifies organic carbon in the stated sample without assuming that all measured carbon is humus." }, { "name": "Assigned humus fraction", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "g/kg dry soil or percentage of organic carbon, with operational definition and denominator", "why_it_matters": "Makes the reported quantity interpretable and prevents unsupported conversion from total soil organic matter." }, { "name": "Carbon-to-nitrogen ratio", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Mass or molar ratio, with basis and analysed fraction specified", "why_it_matters": "Supports interpretation of composition and nutrient cycling alongside other evidence." }, { "name": "Physical association", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Free particulate, aggregate-occluded, mineral-associated, mixed or unresolved; method specified", "why_it_matters": "Helps distinguish mechanisms affecting microbial access and organic-matter retention." }, { "name": "Extractability profile", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Fraction yields in g/kg sample or percentage of recovered carbon, with extraction protocol", "why_it_matters": "Describes operational fractions without presenting them as universal natural components." }, { "name": "Mineralisation response", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "mg CO2-C/g initial organic C over a stated duration, temperature and moisture regime", "why_it_matters": "Measures decomposition under defined conditions without asserting a fixed environmental lifetime." }, { "name": "Moisture and aeration context", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Measured moisture with basis; drained, intermittently saturated or persistently saturated conditions", "why_it_matters": "Provides context for decomposition, preservation and responses to disturbance." }, { "name": "Soil-function evidence", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Linked measurements of aggregation, water retention, exchange capacity or nutrient release", "why_it_matters": "Separates demonstrated contributions from benefits merely attributed to humus." } ], "affordances": [ "Classify a soil organic-material observation under a stated humus definition and flag ambiguous identifications.", "Select sampling and fractionation methods that distinguish transformed organic material from fresh residues and mineral matter.", "Compare composition and condition across samples with compatible methods and reporting bases.", "Assess evidence for retention or decomposition under specified soil conditions.", "Evaluate management options intended to maintain humus and monitor their observed effects.", "Screen humus-bearing materials for use constraints using material-specific contamination and soil-condition evidence." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "humus-identity-and-boundaries", "name": "Humus identity and boundaries", "description": "Establish what the term humus denotes in the observation being modelled.", "rationale": "Humus has overlapping field and analytical usages, so identity cannot safely be inferred from the label alone.", "layers": [ { "id": "operational-meaning", "name": "Operational meaning", "description": "Record the convention that determines membership in the humus category.", "findings": [ { "id": "declared-humus-convention", "name": "Declared humus convention", "description": "A usable identification states how transformed organic material is recognised and what the definition excludes.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which field or analytical definition determines what this observation calls humus?", "kind": "definition", "id": "declared-humus-convention-q01" }, { "text": "Does the reported quantity include living biomass, fresh residues or all soil organic matter?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "declared-humus-convention-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "neighbouring-organic-materials", "name": "Neighbouring organic materials", "description": "Differentiate humus from related soil constituents, amendments and extracted preparations.", "findings": [ { "id": "material-and-extract-boundaries", "name": "Material and extract boundaries", "description": "Origin, transformation and preparation history determine whether an observation concerns humus, another material or an operational extract.", "questions": [ { "text": "What evidence distinguishes this material from fresh litter, compost, peat or charred organic matter?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "material-and-extract-boundaries-q01" }, { "text": "Is the observation of material within soil, a separated organic fraction or a commercial humic preparation?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "material-and-extract-boundaries-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "formation-and-soil-setting", "name": "Formation and soil setting", "description": "Connect transformed organic material to its inputs and conditions of formation.", "rationale": "Humus condition depends on biological processing and soil environment, which cannot be reconstructed from appearance alone.", "layers": [ { "id": "organic-inputs-and-transformation", "name": "Organic inputs and transformation", "description": "Record known input sources and evidence of their processing.", "findings": [ { "id": "input-and-processing-history", "name": "Input and processing history", "description": "Input records and observed transformation constrain interpretation without requiring an invented formation pathway.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which plant, microbial, animal or amendment inputs are documented for this material?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "input-and-processing-history-q01" }, { "text": "What observations support transformation beyond fresh residues, and which aspects of the decomposition history remain unknown?", "kind": "definition", "id": "input-and-processing-history-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "horizon-and-environment", "name": "Horizon and environment", "description": "Locate the material within the soil and describe conditions relevant to its development.", "findings": [ { "id": "formation-context", "name": "Formation context", "description": "Depth, horizon, moisture, aeration and management history provide the environmental context for observed organic material.", "questions": [ { "text": "From which horizon and depth interval was the sample taken, and were surface litter and roots handled separately?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "formation-context-q01" }, { "text": "What moisture, temperature, aeration and soil pH observations are available for the sampled setting?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "formation-context-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "composition-and-retention", "name": "Composition and retention", "description": "Describe measured organic composition and mechanisms that may influence persistence.", "rationale": "Neither a bulk carbon value nor a humus label identifies composition, accessibility or environmental lifetime.", "layers": [ { "id": "composition-and-fractionation", "name": "Composition and fractionation", "description": "Record analytical quantities with methods, denominators and recovery information.", "findings": [ { "id": "method-qualified-composition", "name": "Method-qualified composition", "description": "Carbon, nitrogen and extracted fractions are interpretable only when their sample basis and analytical procedures are explicit.", "questions": [ { "text": "What organic carbon and nitrogen concentrations were measured, on which dry-mass basis and with which methods?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "method-qualified-composition-q01" }, { "text": "If humic acid, fulvic acid or humin fractions are reported, which extraction procedure and carbon recovery accompany them?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "method-qualified-composition-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "association-and-decomposition", "name": "Association and decomposition", "description": "Separate physical protection, mineral association and measured decomposition behaviour.", "findings": [ { "id": "conditional-persistence", "name": "Conditional persistence", "description": "Persistence assessments must identify supporting observations and the environmental conditions to which they apply.", "questions": [ { "text": "What fractionation or other evidence distinguishes free material, aggregate-occluded material and mineral-associated organic matter?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "conditional-persistence-q01" }, { "text": "What mineralisation or age evidence is available, and how does its interpretation differ from a prediction of future persistence?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "conditional-persistence-q02" }, { "text": "Which changes in drainage, temperature or disturbance could alter the observed retention conditions?", "kind": "action", "id": "conditional-persistence-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "soil-functions-and-management", "name": "Soil functions and management", "description": "Connect evidence about humus to soil outcomes and management decisions.", "rationale": "Decisions require demonstrated effects and local constraints rather than an assumption that more humus always yields the same benefit.", "layers": [ { "id": "functional-contributions", "name": "Functional contributions", "description": "Assess contributions to soil structure, water behaviour and nutrient cycling.", "findings": [ { "id": "measured-soil-effects", "name": "Measured soil effects", "description": "Functional claims should distinguish the contribution of organic material from effects of texture, mineralogy and other soil constituents.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which measurements support a contribution to aggregation, water retention or cation exchange under the site's conditions?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "measured-soil-effects-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence indicates nutrient release or immobilisation, and over what period?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "measured-soil-effects-q02" }, { "text": "How were effects attributed to humus distinguished from those of clay content, pH or recent amendments?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "measured-soil-effects-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "management-and-use-decisions", "name": "Management and use decisions", "description": "Evaluate interventions and monitor outcomes with attention to the actual material and soil setting.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-based-intervention", "name": "Evidence-based intervention", "description": "Management decisions link an intended soil outcome to an intervention, baseline observations and suitable follow-up measurements.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which proposed changes to organic inputs, tillage or drainage are supported for maintaining the locally defined humus fraction?", "kind": "action", "id": "evidence-based-intervention-q01" }, { "text": "If humus-bearing material is to be transferred or applied, what evidence establishes its contaminant levels, salinity and suitability for the receiving soil?", "kind": "action", "id": "evidence-based-intervention-q02" }, { "text": "Which repeated measurements will distinguish a real change from variation in sampling depth, bulk density or analytical method?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "evidence-based-intervention-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "This entry covers soil humus; no alternative sense was supplied.", "Mull, moder and mor classify humus forms involving horizons and biological organization, rather than chemical varieties of a substance.", "Modern soil science questions the classical picture of humus as a distinct pool of inherently persistent macromolecules; persistence depends substantially on environmental conditions and mineral associations." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of humus this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Mull humus form", "Moder humus form", "Mor humus form" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of humus this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "ISO 10694, issued by the International Organization for Standardization, specifies determination of soil organic and total carbon by dry combustion; it does not identify or directly quantify humus." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of humus this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Assessment of soil condition and organic matter dynamics", "Management of soil nutrient retention and supply", "Evaluation of soil aggregation and water retention", "Forest-site characterization using humus forms", "Investigation of soil carbon storage" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of humus this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Soil organic carbon concentration", "typical_range": "Strongly dependent on soil and horizon; a related measurement rather than a humus-specific assay", "unit": "g carbon/kg dry soil" }, { "quantity": "Organic horizon thickness", "typical_range": "Varies with vegetation, climate, drainage and biological activity", "unit": "cm" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of humus this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Accelerated organic matter decomposition after cultivation or drainage can reduce soil carbon stocks.", "Erosion can remove humus-bearing surface soil.", "Organic matter can bind contaminants; contaminant retention does not establish that the soil is safe.", "Treating humus as a pure substance gives misleading expectations about composition, physical constants and hazard classification.", "Estimating humus content from organic carbon using a fixed conversion factor can introduce substantial error." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of humus this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "European forest-soil traditions commonly distinguish mull, moder and mor; classification details differ among systems.", "Some traditions use humus broadly for decomposed soil organic matter, while others emphasize operationally separated humic substances.", "Humus-form distribution varies with climate, parent material, vegetation, drainage and soil fauna." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of humus this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Soil organic matter", "difference": "A broader category that includes organic components beyond humus, such as recognizable residues and, depending on convention, living biomass." }, { "name": "Humic substances", "difference": "Operationally defined fractions commonly separated by extraction and solubility; they are not a complete synonym for humus." }, { "name": "Compost", "difference": "A material produced through managed decomposition of organic feedstocks; it may contribute to soil humus but is not itself synonymous with humus." }, { "name": "Peat", "difference": "An accumulation of incompletely decomposed organic material under waterlogged conditions, often retaining recognizable plant remains." }, { "name": "Leaf litter", "difference": "Relatively fresh plant debris whose original structures remain recognizable." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of humus this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Which authoritative definition should anchor this registry entry, and how should alternative field and analytical meanings be mapped to it?", "How should this model relate to humus-form classifications that describe arrangements of organic and organomineral horizons?", "Which methods can quantify the chosen humus concept reproducibly, and where must results remain labelled as total organic matter or operational fractions?", "What evidence supports persistence and soil-function claims across different mineralogies, climates and management histories?", "Which identifiers and regulatory categories apply to specific humus-bearing products or extracted preparations, without incorrectly assigning them to humus as a whole?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 9, "findings": 16, "questions": 27 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "chemical substance or material", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a humus, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to recognise humus as transformed organic material in soil, assess its condition and persistence, and judge management actions using evidence appropriate to its local definition.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "natural", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured", "consumed or used up" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: amorphous humus, mull humus, mor, moder, Anmoor, Moorwiesen.", "6 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 76 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a humus, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state", "use it up, and then need more of it" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Not recognisable by sight in any reliable way. Appearance varies with grade, form and additives; identification is by label, by documentation, or by assay." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "amorphous humus", "mull humus", "mor", "moder", "Anmoor", "Moorwiesen" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 76 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 6 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one humus from another, and a humus from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a humus, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a humus, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a humus is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a humus, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a humus, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a humus is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a humus sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a humus, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a humus, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a humus is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a humus from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a humus, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a humus, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a humus is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a humus is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a humus, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a humus, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a humus is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a humus is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a humus, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a humus, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a humus is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a humus is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a humus, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a humus, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a humus is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a humus is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a humus is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a humus, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a humus, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a humus is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a humus is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a humus, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a humus, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a humus is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a humus passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a humus between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a humus, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a humus, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a humus is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a humus, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a humus is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a humus, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a humus, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a humus is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "use-and-operation", "name": "Use and operation", "description": "What can be done with a humus and what it takes to do it.", "rationale": "An agent that can recognise a thing but not act on it has only half a model.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-use", "name": "Intended use and function", "description": "What a humus is for, and what it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-and-purpose", "name": "Function, purpose and misuse", "description": "The function a humus performs and the uses that fall outside it.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-and-purpose-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the use of a humus, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "function-and-purpose-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the use of a humus, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "function-and-purpose-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the use of a humus is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "handling-and-procedure", "name": "Handling and procedure", "description": "The steps, skills and tools involved in using a humus.", "findings": [ { "id": "procedures-and-skills", "name": "Procedures, skills and required tools", "description": "What an agent needs before it can act on a humus at all.", "questions": [ { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes handling a humus, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about handling a humus, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once handling a humus is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "supply-and-consumption", "name": "Supply and consumption", "description": "Quantities, rates and what running out means.", "findings": [ { "id": "consumption-and-stock", "name": "Consumption, stock and replenishment", "description": "How much of a humus there is and how fast it goes.", "questions": [ { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the supply of a humus, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the supply of a humus, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the supply of a humus is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "composition-and-identity", "name": "Composition, grade and chemical identity", "description": "What humus is made of and how pure the thing in hand is.", "rationale": "Grade decides what a substance may be used for, so a model that records only the name cannot support any decision about use.", "layers": [ { "id": "chemical-identity", "name": "Chemical identity", "description": "Formula, structure and the registry numbers that name it unambiguously.", "findings": [ { "id": "identity-record", "name": "Identity and registry numbers", "description": "What identifies this substance across suppliers and regulators.", "questions": [ { "id": "identity-record-q01", "text": "What formula, structure and registry identifiers name humus unambiguously?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "identity-record-q02", "text": "Which related substances share a name in common use but not an identifier?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "grade-and-impurities", "name": "Grade, purity and impurities", "description": "The specification a batch meets and what else is in it.", "findings": [ { "id": "specification", "name": "Specification and assay", "description": "How purity is stated and measured, and which impurities matter.", "questions": [ { "id": "specification-q01", "text": "What grades of humus exist, how is purity assayed, and which impurities are limited?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "specification-q02", "text": "Which use requires which grade, and what happens when a lower grade is substituted?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "properties-and-behaviour", "name": "Properties and behaviour", "description": "How humus behaves under conditions an agent can measure or change.", "rationale": "Physical constants are the part of a substance model that transfers between contexts, and each needs its unit and its conditions.", "layers": [ { "id": "physical-constants", "name": "Physical constants", "description": "Values that hold for the pure substance, with their conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "constants-record", "name": "Constants and conditions", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the state they apply in.", "questions": [ { "id": "constants-record-q01", "text": "What are the defining physical constants of humus, in what units and under what conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "constants-record-q02", "text": "Which of these values change with grade or form rather than being fixed?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "stability-and-reactivity", "name": "Stability and reactivity", "description": "What it reacts with, degrades into, and how it is stored.", "findings": [ { "id": "incompatibilities", "name": "Incompatibilities and degradation", "description": "What must not meet it, and what it becomes over time.", "questions": [ { "id": "incompatibilities-q01", "text": "What is humus incompatible with, and what does it degrade into under storage?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "incompatibilities-q02", "text": "What storage and handling does that require, and who is competent to do it?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "hazard-and-regulation", "name": "Hazard classification and regulation", "description": "How humus can harm, and what the law says about holding and moving it.", "rationale": "A substance model without its hazard class and its regulatory identity is unusable in exactly the situations that matter.", "layers": [ { "id": "hazard-class", "name": "Hazard classification", "description": "Classified hazards, exposure limits and protective measures.", "findings": [ { "id": "classified-hazards", "name": "Classified hazards and limits", "description": "The classification, the scheme it belongs to, and the limits set.", "questions": [ { "id": "classified-hazards-q01", "text": "How is humus classified for hazard, under which scheme, and what exposure limits apply?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "classified-hazards-q02", "text": "What protection does handling require, and what must an agent refuse to do without it?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "regulatory-identity", "name": "Regulatory identity and control", "description": "Registration, restriction and transport rules by jurisdiction.", "findings": [ { "id": "controls", "name": "Controls and jurisdiction", "description": "Where it is restricted and what the restriction attaches to.", "questions": [ { "id": "controls-q01", "text": "Which registrations, restrictions or transport rules cover humus, and where?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "controls-q02", "text": "Does the control attach to the substance, its concentration, or its intended use?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a humus came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a humus and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a humus, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a humus, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a humus is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a humus is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a humus, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a humus, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a humus is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 9, "layers": 20, "findings": 22, "questions": 60 } } } }