{ "model": { "rank": 3046, "code": "thing-q173318", "model_id": "vr.tr.pupil", "name": "pupil", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise an anatomical pupil, record its appearance and response under known conditions, and judge whether comparison, further observation or authorised assessment is warranted.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.OBJ", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q173318/", "tier": 2, "score": 92, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "vertical pupil", "horizontal pupil", "right pupil", "left pupil" ], "aliasCount": 4, "merged": 4, "knownIn": 92, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q173318", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173318", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T14:23:01Z", "providers": [ "Codex", "Grok" ], "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "usd": 0.00639234, "turns": 1, "seconds": 50.8, "error": null }, "codex": { "seconds": 62.3, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07c3f-538c-7b12-83bd-cfd76868aeee\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: pupil\nRegistry id: vr.tr.pupil\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.OBJ\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\nA Vercy model" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q173318", "registryId": "vr.tr.pupil", "name": "pupil", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.OBJ" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q173318/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.pupil", "name": "pupil", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise an anatomical pupil, record its appearance and response under known conditions, and judge whether comparison, further observation or authorised assessment is warranted.", "definition": "The pupil is the central aperture of the iris that admits light to the retina, its diameter being set by the opposing action of the sphincter and dilator pupillae under autonomic and light-reflex control.", "scope_statement": "This model provisionally owns the pupil as the aperture bounded by the iris of an eye, including its geometry, observable changes and relationship to the fellow pupil; the anatomical interpretation requires confirmation because the registry supplies no definition.", "in_scope": [ "Identification of the pupil and its association with a particular eye", "Pupillary boundary, size, shape and position within the iris", "Changes in aperture under recorded illumination and viewing conditions", "Comparison with the fellow pupil and previous observations", "Observation quality and constraints on pupil measurement or testing" ], "out_of_scope": [ "A pupil meaning a learner or student", "The iris as tissue, including its pigmentation and structural condition", "Whole-eye anatomy, visual acuity and refractive performance", "Retinal, optic nerve and neurological conditions as independently modelled entities", "Medication administration, diagnosis and treatment planning", "Entrance and exit pupils of optical instruments" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Identify an aperture bounded by the iris rather than labelling the entire coloured iris as the pupil.", "Distinguish the aperture boundary from reflections, shadows or dark regions elsewhere in an eye image.", "Distinguish the physical aperture from its apparent image through the eye's optics; record which representation was measured.", "Associate the structure with an anatomical eye; references to educational roles or instrument apertures require a different interpretation." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Eye association", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Containing eye reference; subject-relative left, right or unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Prevents observations from different eyes or subjects being combined." }, { "name": "Observed aperture size", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Diameter or specified axis lengths in mm; pixels only when uncalibrated", "why_it_matters": "Supports comparison while preserving the distinction between physical estimates and image measurements." }, { "name": "Boundary shape", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Round, oval, slit-like, irregular, other described or indeterminate", "why_it_matters": "Avoids assuming that every pupil is circular or adequately described by one diameter." }, { "name": "Aperture position", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Centre offset in mm or normalised coordinates relative to a named iris landmark", "why_it_matters": "Allows position changes to be distinguished from changes in camera viewpoint or gaze." }, { "name": "Illumination context", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Illuminance in lux where available, with measurement location; otherwise described lighting", "why_it_matters": "Makes size and response observations interpretable in their lighting context." }, { "name": "Observed response", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Constriction observed, dilation observed, no change detected, indeterminate or not tested; stimulus and interval required", "why_it_matters": "Separates recorded behaviour from an unsupported conclusion about pupil function." }, { "name": "Response timing", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Latency and observation duration in ms or s, with temporal resolution", "why_it_matters": "Shows whether the recording could resolve the response being described." }, { "name": "Inter-eye size difference", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Signed difference in mm using a declared eye order and matched conditions", "why_it_matters": "Makes asymmetry explicit without assigning a cause or clinical significance." }, { "name": "Boundary visibility", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Fully visible, partly obscured, not visible or uncertain; obstruction described", "why_it_matters": "Prevents poor visibility from being mistaken for an absent or unusually shaped pupil." } ], "affordances": [ "Locate and label the pupil in an eye observation while retaining uncertain boundaries.", "Measure aperture geometry using a stated calibration and method.", "Compare pupil observations across time or between eyes under matched conditions.", "Record responses during an authorised observation protocol, including which eye received the stimulus.", "Request a clearer or better controlled observation when visibility or context is inadequate.", "Flag a documented change for qualified assessment under an applicable protocol without inferring its cause." ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "aao-pupils", "title": "The Pupil: Anatomy, Physiology, Abnormalities, and Clinical Testing", "url": "https://www.aao.org/education/image/pupil-anatomy-physiology-abnormalities-clinical-te", "what_it_supports": "Clinical anatomy, light-reflex testing, and named pathologic pupil types used in practice", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "ncbi-anatomy", "title": "Anatomy, Head and Neck: Eye Pupil", "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551639/", "what_it_supports": "Anatomical definition, sphincter/dilator innervation, and typical adult diameter range", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "wikidata-q10768", "title": "pupil (Q10768)", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10768", "what_it_supports": "Canonical identifier and distinction from the educational-enrolment sense of 'pupil'", "url_status": "live" } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "pupil-identity-and-boundary", "name": "Pupil identity and boundary", "description": "Establishes which anatomical aperture is represented and where its boundary lies.", "rationale": "An agent must distinguish the pupil from surrounding tissue, imaging artefacts and other meanings of the name.", "layers": [ { "id": "anatomical-referent", "name": "Anatomical referent", "description": "Connects the pupil to its containing eye and the organism context.", "findings": [ { "id": "eye-linked-aperture", "name": "Eye-linked aperture", "description": "Record evidence that the target is an iris-bounded aperture, together with eye identity and unresolved classification.", "questions": [ { "text": "What observation establishes that this target is the pupil of an anatomical eye?", "kind": "definition", "id": "eye-linked-aperture-q01" }, { "text": "Which subject, species and subject-relative eye does the observation concern?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "eye-linked-aperture-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "aperture-delimitation", "name": "Aperture delimitation", "description": "Separates the pupil opening from iris tissue and the optical appearance used to observe it.", "findings": [ { "id": "supported-pupil-boundary", "name": "Supported pupil boundary", "description": "Record the visible iris edge, uncertain segments and whether the boundary is an image observation or a reconstructed physical estimate.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which portions of the proposed boundary are supported by a visible iris edge rather than shadow, reflection or occlusion?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "supported-pupil-boundary-q01" }, { "text": "Does this outline describe the apparent pupil in an image or an estimate of the physical aperture?", "kind": "definition", "id": "supported-pupil-boundary-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "aperture-geometry", "name": "Aperture geometry", "description": "Records pupil size, shape and position using methods appropriate to the observed aperture.", "rationale": "A single diameter can conceal irregular shape, viewpoint distortion or uncertain scale.", "layers": [ { "id": "size-and-contour", "name": "Size and contour", "description": "Describes the opening without presuming circular geometry.", "findings": [ { "id": "calibrated-aperture-description", "name": "Calibrated aperture description", "description": "Record diameter, axes, area or contour as appropriate, preserving calibration and estimation uncertainty.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which dimensions or contour representation adequately describe this pupil's observed shape?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "calibrated-aperture-description-q01" }, { "text": "What scale calibration and uncertainty support the reported dimensions?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "calibrated-aperture-description-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "position-and-viewpoint", "name": "Position and viewpoint", "description": "Locates the aperture relative to the iris while accounting for observation angle.", "findings": [ { "id": "referenced-aperture-position", "name": "Referenced aperture position", "description": "Record pupil position against a named anatomical reference and retain gaze or camera-angle limitations.", "questions": [ { "text": "Relative to which iris landmark or coordinate system is the pupil centre located?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "referenced-aperture-position-q01" }, { "text": "Could gaze direction or camera angle explain the apparent offset or elongation?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "referenced-aperture-position-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "pupillary-response", "name": "Pupillary response", "description": "Records aperture changes in relation to documented illumination or viewing events.", "rationale": "Pupil behaviour cannot be interpreted from size alone or from a stimulus whose timing and target are unknown.", "layers": [ { "id": "stimulus-and-baseline", "name": "Stimulus and baseline", "description": "Establishes the conditions before and during a response observation.", "findings": [ { "id": "documented-response-conditions", "name": "Documented response conditions", "description": "Record baseline lighting, adaptation interval, viewing target and the event against which change is assessed.", "questions": [ { "text": "What lighting, adaptation interval and viewing distance preceded the observation?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "documented-response-conditions-q01" }, { "text": "What stimulus or viewing change occurred, when did it occur and which eye received it?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "documented-response-conditions-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "response-course", "name": "Response course", "description": "Captures the direction, extent and timing of observed aperture change.", "findings": [ { "id": "observed-change-sequence", "name": "Observed change sequence", "description": "Record the measured response of the observed eye, distinguishing an undetected change from an inadequately observed response.", "questions": [ { "text": "How did pupil size change over the recorded interval, and what latency or amplitude can the measurement resolve?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "observed-change-sequence-q01" }, { "text": "Was the observed pupil in the stimulated eye or the fellow eye, and were both eyes recorded?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "observed-change-sequence-q02" }, { "text": "If no change was detected, were visibility, stimulus documentation and sampling sufficient to support that statement?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "observed-change-sequence-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "comparison-and-observation-decisions", "name": "Comparison and observation decisions", "description": "Supports defensible comparisons and determines what further pupil observation is justified.", "rationale": "Apparent asymmetry or change must be separated from mismatched conditions before an agent acts on it.", "layers": [ { "id": "paired-and-longitudinal-comparison", "name": "Paired and longitudinal comparison", "description": "Compares pupils across eyes or time with explicit limits on comparability.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-matched-difference", "name": "Condition-matched difference", "description": "Record the direction and magnitude of differences alongside timing, lighting and method compatibility.", "questions": [ { "text": "What size, shape or response difference is observed between the two eyes or against a previous observation?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "condition-matched-difference-q01" }, { "text": "Were lighting, viewing target, measurement method and observation timing sufficiently matched for this comparison?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "condition-matched-difference-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "observation-limits-and-next-actions", "name": "Observation limits and next actions", "description": "Links evidence quality and pupil-specific context to permitted follow-up.", "findings": [ { "id": "qualified-pupil-assessment", "name": "Qualified pupil assessment", "description": "Record visibility limits, relevant reported exposures or eye procedures, and the authority governing repeat observation or referral.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which occlusions, reflections, reported eye drops or prior eye procedures could limit interpretation of this observation?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "qualified-pupil-assessment-q01" }, { "text": "Does the evidence support comparison, require a repeat measurement or meet an applicable criterion for qualified assessment?", "kind": "action", "id": "qualified-pupil-assessment-q02" }, { "text": "What authorisation and protocol govern any further light-response testing or other intervention involving this eye?", "kind": "action", "id": "qualified-pupil-assessment-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "physiologic (light-responsive) pupil", "anisocoric pupil (unequal diameters)", "miotic pupil", "mydriatic pupil", "relative afferent pupillary defect (Marcus Gunn pupil)", "tonic (Adie) pupil", "Argyll Robertson pupil", "Horner (oculosympathetic) pupil" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of pupil this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Wikidata", "value_or_pattern": "Q10768", "note": "Anatomical pupil of the eye; not the student sense" }, { "scheme": "FMA", "value_or_pattern": "58252", "note": "Foundational Model of Anatomy: Pupil" }, { "scheme": "UBERON", "value_or_pattern": "UBERON:0001771", "note": "uberon pupil" }, { "scheme": "MeSH", "value_or_pattern": "D011680", "note": "Pupils" }, { "scheme": "SNOMED CT", "value_or_pattern": "392406005", "note": "Pupil structure (body structure)" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of pupil this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "ISO 15004-2 (Ophthalmic instruments - Fundamental requirements and test methods - Light hazard protection), International Organization for Standardization - photic-safety calculations use a 7 mm dilated pupil as the conservative entrance-pupil diameter", "CIE / ISO 11664 series and related photometric practice - luminous quantities at the eye are referred to the entrance pupil", "Clinical documentation of pupil size and reactivity is governed by local medical-record and emergency-care protocols (e.g. GCS eye-opening and PERRLA charting), not by a single global product standard" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of pupil this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Bedside and emergency neurological examination: size, symmetry, and light reactivity (PERRLA) as a window on midbrain and cranial-nerve function", "Ophthalmology and optometry: entrance pupil for refraction, intraocular-lens calculation, and imaging (fundus photography, OCT, perimetry)", "Pharmacology: miotics and mydriatics used to constrict or dilate the pupil for examination, surgery, or glaucoma therapy", "Optics and photography: the eye's entrance pupil sets retinal illuminance and depth of field; camera and VR/AR optical designs match or assume a human pupil diameter", "Forensic and occupational: pupil size under drugs, toxins, or workplace lighting as a clinical or safety sign" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of pupil this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "resting diameter in typical indoor light", "typical_range": "2-4", "unit": "mm" }, { "quantity": "diameter in darkness (maximal physiologic dilation)", "typical_range": "4-8 (rarely to ~9 in young adults)", "unit": "mm" }, { "quantity": "diameter under bright light (miosis)", "typical_range": "1-2", "unit": "mm" }, { "quantity": "anisocoria regarded as physiologic when isolated and stable", "typical_range": "≤0.4-0.5", "unit": "mm" }, { "quantity": "latency of the direct light reflex", "typical_range": "0.2-0.5", "unit": "s" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of pupil this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Fixed dilated pupil after trauma or herniation - neurosurgical emergency when new and unilateral with declining consciousness", "Pharmacologic mydriasis or miosis mimicking nerve palsy or intoxication", "Relative afferent pupillary defect indicating asymmetric optic-nerve or severe retinal disease", "Acute angle-closure glaucoma precipitated by mid-dilated pupil in anatomically predisposed eyes", "Phototoxicity and glare when a large pupil admits excess light (post-mydriasis, traumatic iris sphincter tear)", "Surgical or traumatic iris damage producing a permanently irregular or atonic pupil with glare and reduced acuity" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of pupil this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "English 'pupil' is also the school-enrolment term (especially UK/Commonwealth); anatomical use is unambiguous in clinical contexts but collides in general registries", "Named eponyms (Argyll Robertson, Adie, Horner, Marcus Gunn) are used worldwide in neurology; some jurisdictions prefer descriptive terms (e.g. 'light-near dissociation', 'tonic pupil', 'oculosympathetic palsy')", "Pharmacologic mydriatic combinations and legal constraints on topical agents (e.g. atropine, tropicamide) vary by national formulary" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of pupil this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "name": "iris", "difference": "The iris is the contractile pigmented diaphragm; the pupil is the aperture it forms, not a separate tissue" }, { "name": "entrance pupil (optics)", "difference": "The optical entrance pupil is the image of the anatomical pupil as seen through the cornea; it is slightly magnified and is the quantity used in photometry and instrument design" }, { "name": "pupil of a student / school pupil", "difference": "Homonym: a person enrolled in education (Wikidata Q1344284 and related), not an ocular aperture" }, { "name": "artificial / prosthetic pupil or pinhole", "difference": "An implanted or external aperture (iris prosthesis, pinhole occluder) that substitutes for the natural pupil rather than being it" }, { "name": "coloboma or iridectomy opening", "difference": "A structural defect or surgical gap in the iris that may enlarge or distort the true pupillary margin rather than being a physiologic pupil" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of pupil this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does vr.tr.pupil denote the anatomical pupil, and is its intended coverage human-only or inclusive of other species?", "Does an existing Vercy eye or anatomical-aperture model already own this concept, requiring a link instead of a separate publication?", "Which measurement conventions should distinguish the physical aperture from its apparent optical image across supported devices?", "Which species-, age- and context-specific evidence should govern interpretation of pupil geometry, inter-eye differences and response measurements?", "Which sourced protocols define permitted observation methods and thresholds for repeat measurement or qualified assessment?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 9, "findings": 16, "questions": 26 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "device, machine or tool", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a pupil, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to recognise an anatomical pupil, record its appearance and response under known conditions, and judge whether comparison, further observation or authorised assessment is warranted.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "manufactured", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: vertical pupil, horizontal pupil, right pupil, left pupil.", "4 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 92 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a pupil, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by form, by the arrangement of its controls, and by markings - a plate, a model number, a certification mark. Form alone rarely separates two models that do very different things." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "vertical pupil", "horizontal pupil", "right pupil", "left pupil" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 92 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 4 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one pupil from another, and a pupil from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a pupil, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a pupil, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a pupil is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a pupil, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a pupil, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a pupil is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a pupil sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a pupil, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a pupil, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a pupil is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a pupil from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a pupil, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a pupil, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a pupil is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a pupil is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a pupil, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a pupil, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a pupil is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a pupil is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a pupil, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a pupil, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a pupil is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a pupil is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a pupil, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a pupil, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a pupil is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a pupil is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a pupil is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a pupil, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a pupil, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a pupil is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a pupil is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a pupil, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a pupil, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a pupil is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a pupil passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a pupil between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a pupil, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a pupil, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a pupil is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a pupil, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a pupil is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a pupil, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a pupil, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a pupil is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "function-and-principle", "name": "Function and operating principle", "description": "What pupil is for and how it achieves it.", "rationale": "Two devices with the same name can work on different principles, and the principle is what predicts failure and constrains use.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-function", "name": "Intended function", "description": "The job it does, and the jobs it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-record", "name": "Function, principle and variants", "description": "What it does, how, and which variants do it differently.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-record-q01", "text": "What function does pupil perform, on what operating principle, and which variants differ in that principle?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "function-record-q02", "text": "What use falls outside the intended function but happens in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "capacity-and-rating", "name": "Capacity and rating", "description": "The numbers that say what it can do and where it stops.", "findings": [ { "id": "ratings", "name": "Ratings and their conditions", "description": "Rated capacity, power, throughput and the conditions each assumes.", "questions": [ { "id": "ratings-q01", "text": "What ratings characterise pupil, in what units, and under what stated conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "ratings-q02", "text": "What happens beyond the rating - degradation, refusal, damage - and how is that detected?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "operation-and-state", "name": "Operation, controls and state", "description": "How pupil is operated and what state it is in right now.", "rationale": "An agent acting on a device needs its current state and the controls that change it, not just its specification.", "layers": [ { "id": "controls-and-modes", "name": "Controls and modes", "description": "What can be set, what that changes, and what is interlocked.", "findings": [ { "id": "control-surface", "name": "Control surface and interlocks", "description": "The settings available and the conditions that block them.", "questions": [ { "id": "control-surface-q01", "text": "What controls and modes does pupil have, and what does each change?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "control-surface-q02", "text": "Which actions are interlocked or forbidden in which state, and what must be true before acting?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-maintenance", "name": "Condition and maintenance", "description": "Wear, service intervals, consumables and the line between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "service-record", "name": "Condition, service and consumables", "description": "What is consumed, what is serviced, and how condition is judged.", "questions": [ { "id": "service-record-q01", "text": "What consumables and service does pupil need, at what interval, and on whose authority?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "service-record-q02", "text": "What evidence separates a unit that is working from one that is out of service?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "kind-model-unit", "name": "Kind, model and unit", "description": "Whether a claim about pupil is about the kind, a product line, or one physical unit.", "rationale": "This is the boundary most often got wrong for made things, and getting it wrong mixes a catalogue entry with the machine in the yard.", "layers": [ { "id": "level-of-reference", "name": "Level of reference", "description": "The three levels and what belongs at each.", "findings": [ { "id": "level-rules", "name": "What belongs to kind, model and unit", "description": "Which properties are shared by all of them and which are not.", "questions": [ { "id": "level-rules-q01", "text": "Which facts about pupil hold for every one of them, which for a model, and which only for one unit?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "level-rules-q02", "text": "What identifies an individual unit, and what should an agent do when it has only the kind?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "standards-and-conformity", "name": "Standards and conformity", "description": "The standards a working example must meet and who attests it.", "findings": [ { "id": "conformity", "name": "Standards, marks and attestation", "description": "Which standard applies, who certifies, and what the mark means.", "questions": [ { "id": "conformity-q01", "text": "Which standards govern pupil, issued by whom, and what does conformity actually assert?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "conformity-q02", "text": "What may an agent conclude from a certification mark, and what may it not?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a pupil came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a pupil and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a pupil, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a pupil, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a pupil is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a pupil is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a pupil, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a pupil, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a pupil is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }