{ "model": { "rank": 5450, "code": "thing-q173670", "model_id": "vr.tr.l-arginine", "name": "L-arginine", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to identify L-arginine, assess the identity and condition of a particular material, and determine its suitability for a specified use from evidence about chemical form, purity and handling requirements.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.MAT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q173670/", "tier": 2, "score": 67, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [], "aliasCount": 0, "merged": 0, "knownIn": 67, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q173670", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173670", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T22:24:04Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 25, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08844-6e07-7402-9896-091f843b5b27\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: L-arginine\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.MAT\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 1001 things:\n# Batch 005: 1001 regi", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 64.1, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08844-6e0a-7a01-8faf-b6c913080fa1\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: L-arginine\nRegistry id: vr.tr.l-arginine\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.MAT\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\n\nCo" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q173670", "registryId": "vr.tr.l-arginine", "name": "L-arginine", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.MAT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q173670/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.l-arginine", "name": "L-arginine", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to identify L-arginine, assess the identity and condition of a particular material, and determine its suitability for a specified use from evidence about chemical form, purity and handling requirements.", "definition": "L-arginine is a proteinogenic α-amino acid with a guanidino-containing side chain, molecular formula C6H14N4O2 and L stereochemistry, serving as a constituent of proteins and a metabolic precursor of nitric oxide, urea and other compounds.", "scope_statement": "This model owns L-arginine as a chemically defined L-configured amino acid and the evidence needed to characterize its material instances, distinguishing the parent substance from its salts, formulated products and arginine residues incorporated into proteins.", "in_scope": [ "Molecular identity, L stereochemistry and relationships to other arginine forms", "Material composition, assay, enantiomeric purity, water content and impurities", "Solid and dissolved states under specified temperature, pH and storage conditions", "Chemical and biochemical roles relevant to selecting L-arginine as an input", "Grade, traceability, handling evidence and jurisdiction-specific substance identity" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Finished supplements, medicines, foods and cosmetics containing L-arginine", "Clinical treatment decisions, dosing schedules and patient outcomes", "Complete manufacturing, fermentation and purification processes", "Whole metabolic pathways, enzymes and organisms that consume or produce L-arginine", "Proteins and peptides containing covalently incorporated arginine residues" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Confirm the arginine molecular structure, including its guanidino-containing side chain; the molecular formula alone cannot establish identity.", "Verify L configuration at the alpha carbon with stereochemical evidence, distinguishing it from D-arginine and unresolved or racemic arginine.", "Determine counterion identity and stoichiometry to distinguish parent L-arginine from L-arginine hydrochloride and other salts.", "Distinguish free L-arginine from an arginine residue covalently incorporated into a peptide or protein.", "Determine whether the material is an L-arginine substance lot, a defined solution or a multicomponent formulation before interpreting assay and suitability." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Molecular identity", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "L-arginine; molecular formula C6H14N4O2; structure and stereochemistry identifiers", "why_it_matters": "Establishes the intended chemical entity while preventing formula-only identification." }, { "name": "Stereochemical composition", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "L-isomer fraction or enantiomeric excess in %, with method and calculation basis", "why_it_matters": "An achiral assay can report arginine content without establishing that the material is specifically L-arginine." }, { "name": "Chemical form", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Parent substance, identified salt, hydrate or other characterized form", "why_it_matters": "Counterions and associated water affect identity, mass calculations and compatibility." }, { "name": "L-arginine assay", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "% by mass or amount concentration, specifying as-received, dry or other reporting basis", "why_it_matters": "Allows usable L-arginine content to be calculated without confusing water or counterion mass with active substance." }, { "name": "Water content", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "% by mass, with analytical method", "why_it_matters": "Supports assay interpretation and assessment of changes during storage." }, { "name": "Impurity profile", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Named related substances, residual solvents, elemental impurities and relevant microbial results with method-specific units", "why_it_matters": "Suitability depends on which contaminants are present and on the intended use, not solely on total assay." }, { "name": "Physical state", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Characterized solid, solution or suspension, with temperature and solvent where applicable", "why_it_matters": "The same chemical identity can require different handling and measurement approaches in different material states." }, { "name": "Solution pH", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "pH with concentration, solvent, temperature and adjustment history", "why_it_matters": "Protonation and compatibility depend on solution conditions; pH is not an unconditional property of the dry substance." }, { "name": "Solubility", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "g/L or mol/L with solvent, temperature, pH and chemical form", "why_it_matters": "Determines whether a required concentration can be prepared and maintained." }, { "name": "Thermal behavior", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Transition or decomposition temperature in °C with method and observation", "why_it_matters": "Prevents a decomposition event from being treated as a clean melting or boiling point." }, { "name": "Grade and specification", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Applicable compendial, food, reagent or other specification and edition", "why_it_matters": "A grade claim needs a defined specification and evidence that the particular lot meets it." }, { "name": "Substance identifiers and hazard record", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Verified CAS, PubChem and EC records where applicable; dated SDS and jurisdiction-specific classification", "why_it_matters": "Connects the exact chemical form to authoritative identity and handling records without borrowing a salt or product classification." } ], "affordances": [ "Reconcile a supplier label and analytical evidence with the intended L-arginine identity.", "Calculate L-arginine content or molarity using a verified chemical form, assay and water basis.", "Select or reject a lot against an explicit specification for a proposed laboratory, manufacturing or formulation use.", "Prepare a defined solution using evidenced solubility and measured pH under the intended conditions.", "Flag identity, purity or storage uncertainties that require testing before use.", "Trace a material lot to its certificate of analysis, safety data sheet and applicable substance records." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "arginine-identity-and-form", "name": "Arginine identity and form", "description": "Establishes that the modeled entity is L-arginine and resolves chemically consequential differences between its presentations.", "rationale": "Arginine content alone does not distinguish the L enantiomer, a salt or a protein-bound residue.", "layers": [ { "id": "structure-and-stereochemistry", "name": "Structure and stereochemistry", "description": "Captures structural identity and evidence for the L configuration.", "findings": [ { "id": "l-arginine-identity-evidence", "name": "L-arginine identity evidence", "description": "Record the intended arginine structure separately from the evidence establishing the sample's stereochemical composition.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which structural identifier explicitly represents L-arginine, and which authoritative record supports it?", "kind": "definition", "id": "l-arginine-identity-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Which test distinguishes L-arginine from D-arginine or a mixture, and what stereochemical composition does it establish?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "l-arginine-identity-evidence-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "parent-salts-and-residues", "name": "Parent, salts and residues", "description": "Separates parent-substance identity from salt forms, protonation in solution and covalent incorporation.", "findings": [ { "id": "chemical-form-boundary", "name": "Chemical form boundary", "description": "Record counterions and associated components without treating pH-dependent protonation as sufficient evidence of an isolated salt identity.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the material parent L-arginine or a characterized salt, and what counterion stoichiometry and water content apply?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "chemical-form-boundary-q01" }, { "text": "Does the reported arginine refer to free L-arginine, a formulation component or residues measured after protein hydrolysis?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "chemical-form-boundary-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "lot-composition-and-grade", "name": "Lot composition and grade", "description": "Connects L-arginine content and contamination evidence to the requirements of a particular use.", "rationale": "Assay basis, stereochemical purity and use-specific limits determine whether two L-arginine lots are interchangeable.", "layers": [ { "id": "assay-and-mass-basis", "name": "Assay and mass basis", "description": "Makes quantitative content interpretable across wet, dry and salt-based reporting.", "findings": [ { "id": "usable-l-arginine-content", "name": "Usable L-arginine content", "description": "Record assay analyte, reporting basis and method specificity before deriving usable substance quantities.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the assay quantify L-arginine specifically or total arginine, and is the result reported as received or on a dry basis?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "usable-l-arginine-content-q01" }, { "text": "How must measured water, counterion mass and assay be accounted for when calculating the required L-arginine amount?", "kind": "action", "id": "usable-l-arginine-content-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "impurities-and-use-specification", "name": "Impurities and use specification", "description": "Relates analytical limits and grade claims to a documented intended use.", "findings": [ { "id": "lot-suitability-evidence", "name": "Lot suitability evidence", "description": "Assess named impurities and relevant microbiological attributes against an explicit specification rather than an unqualified purity label.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which related amino acids, process residues and other contaminants were tested, with what results and detection limits?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "lot-suitability-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Which specification and edition support the claimed grade, and does the certificate cover this exact lot?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "lot-suitability-evidence-q02" }, { "text": "Which unmet or untested requirements prevent acceptance for the proposed use?", "kind": "action", "id": "lot-suitability-evidence-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "physical-state-and-solution-behavior", "name": "Physical state and solution behavior", "description": "Describes how L-arginine material behaves under specified preparation, storage and measurement conditions.", "rationale": "Its ionizable groups and form-dependent material properties make unconditioned pH, solubility and thermal values misleading.", "layers": [ { "id": "solid-state-and-thermal-condition", "name": "Solid state and thermal condition", "description": "Records the observed solid material and the conditions under which its properties were measured.", "findings": [ { "id": "solid-condition-evidence", "name": "Solid condition evidence", "description": "Tie appearance, water measurements and thermal events to the actual form and lot examined.", "questions": [ { "text": "What solid form, appearance and water content were observed, and have these changed since receipt?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "solid-condition-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Does the reported thermal value describe melting, decomposition or another transition, and under which test conditions?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "solid-condition-evidence-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "dissolution-and-protonation", "name": "Dissolution and protonation", "description": "Relates concentration and solution conditions to dissolved-state behavior.", "findings": [ { "id": "defined-solution-state", "name": "Defined solution state", "description": "Record solvent, concentration, temperature and pH together, including additions that change composition or protonation.", "questions": [ { "text": "What solubility evidence supports the target L-arginine concentration at the intended solvent, temperature and pH?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "defined-solution-state-q01" }, { "text": "What pH is measured after dissolution, and what acid, base or buffer additions alter the resulting composition?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "defined-solution-state-q02" }, { "text": "What preparation and holding conditions maintain the required dissolved state and chemical quality?", "kind": "action", "id": "defined-solution-state-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "functional-use-and-handling", "name": "Functional use and handling", "description": "Connects L-arginine's intended role to compatibility, traceability and evidence-supported handling decisions.", "rationale": "A biochemical role does not establish clinical efficacy, and substance identity alone does not establish a lot's permitted or suitable use.", "layers": [ { "id": "biochemical-and-formulation-role", "name": "Biochemical and formulation role", "description": "Records the role expected of free L-arginine in a specified system.", "findings": [ { "id": "role-specific-acceptance", "name": "Role-specific acceptance", "description": "Distinguish roles such as protein-synthesis input, nitric-oxide-synthesis substrate or formulation component from claims about outcomes.", "questions": [ { "text": "What role is L-arginine intended to perform, and which evidence establishes that role in the target system?", "kind": "definition", "id": "role-specific-acceptance-q01" }, { "text": "Which concentration, stereochemical purity, pH and compatibility requirements follow from that role?", "kind": "action", "id": "role-specific-acceptance-q02" }, { "text": "Which proposed claims concern a finished product or clinical intervention and therefore require a separate model?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "role-specific-acceptance-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "traceability-storage-and-classification", "name": "Traceability, storage and classification", "description": "Associates the exact L-arginine material with current handling documents and storage evidence.", "findings": [ { "id": "documented-handling-decision", "name": "Documented handling decision", "description": "Ground storage, retesting and handling decisions in records applicable to the chemical form, supplier lot and jurisdiction.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which verified substance identifiers and dated safety data sheet apply to this exact L-arginine form?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "documented-handling-decision-q01" }, { "text": "What hazard classification and exposure guidance are documented for the relevant jurisdiction and material presentation?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "documented-handling-decision-q02" }, { "text": "Do storage history, packaging condition and expiry or retest status support continued use, or require quarantine and reassessment?", "kind": "action", "id": "documented-handling-decision-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "This description is recalled knowledge; no sources or current regulatory texts were consulted.", "Check current monograph editions, grade specifications and supplier safety data before assigning purity requirements or hazard classifications.", "Verify thermal behavior, solubility and dissociation constants under specified conditions; decomposition makes an unqualified melting or boiling point misleading." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of L-arginine this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Reagent-grade L-arginine", "Food-grade L-arginine", "Pharmaceutical-grade L-arginine" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of L-arginine this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "CAS Registry Number", "value_or_pattern": "74-79-3", "note": "Identifies L-arginine; salts and other stereochemical forms have separate identities." }, { "scheme": "PubChem CID", "value_or_pattern": "6322", "note": "Compound identifier for L-arginine." }, { "scheme": "Amino-acid abbreviations", "value_or_pattern": "Arg; R", "note": "Three-letter and one-letter symbols used for arginine residues in protein sequences." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of L-arginine this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "United States Pharmacopeia-National Formulary, published by USP: the Arginine monograph specifies compendial quality requirements.", "European Pharmacopoeia, published by the Council of Europe's EDQM: the Arginine monograph specifies compendial quality requirements." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of L-arginine this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Ingredient in amino-acid formulations for clinical nutrition.", "Ingredient in dietary supplements and some nutritional products.", "Component of cell-culture media.", "Excipient in some protein formulations to help control aggregation and solubility.", "Substrate in biochemical research on nitric oxide synthesis and arginine metabolism." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of L-arginine this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Molar mass of the free amino acid", "typical_range": "174.20", "unit": "g/mol" }, { "quantity": "Isoelectric point", "typical_range": "Approximately 10.8 in aqueous solution", "unit": "pH" }, { "quantity": "Side-chain guanidinium acid dissociation constant", "typical_range": "pKa approximately 12.5; dependent on measurement conditions", "unit": "dimensionless" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of L-arginine this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Confusing the free amino acid with its hydrochloride salt produces errors in mass-based concentration and formulation pH.", "D-arginine contamination or racemization reduces stereochemical purity and can invalidate biological experiments.", "Insufficient control of impurities, moisture or microbial contamination can make a grade unsuitable for its intended use.", "Its alkaline aqueous solutions can alter formulation pH and affect other ingredients.", "Airborne powder can cause dust exposure; handling controls should follow the supplier's safety data sheet." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of L-arginine this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Requirements for pharmaceutical quality depend on the applicable pharmacopoeia and jurisdiction.", "Permitted supplement uses, labeling and health claims differ between jurisdictions." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of L-arginine this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "D-arginine", "difference": "Has the opposite configuration at the α-carbon and is not the standard arginine form incorporated into proteins by ribosomal translation." }, { "name": "DL-arginine", "difference": "Is a mixture of D- and L-arginine rather than the isolated L enantiomer." }, { "name": "L-arginine hydrochloride", "difference": "Is a hydrochloride salt with different formula mass and solution properties." }, { "name": "Arginine residue", "difference": "Is arginine incorporated into a peptide or protein, rather than the free amino acid." }, { "name": "L-citrulline", "difference": "Has a ureido side-chain group instead of arginine's guanidino group and is a distinct metabolite." }, { "name": "L-ornithine", "difference": "Has a terminal amino group instead of arginine's guanidino group and is a distinct urea-cycle intermediate." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of L-arginine this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Which authoritative CAS, PubChem and EC records identify parent L-arginine, and how should this registry link separately identified salts without creating duplicate concepts?", "Which reference methods and acceptance limits should establish L stereochemistry, assay and related-substance purity for each intended grade?", "What experimentally supported solubility, dissociation and thermal data apply to the selected chemical form, including whether reported melting values involve decomposition?", "Which current jurisdiction-specific hazard classifications and occupational exposure provisions apply, and where is no substance-specific limit established?", "What evidence supports storage conditions and retest periods for dry L-arginine and prepared solutions under the intended packaging and use conditions?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 9, "findings": 17, "questions": 29 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "chemical substance or material", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a L-arginine, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to identify L-arginine, assess the identity and condition of a particular material, and determine its suitability for a specified use from evidence about chemical form, purity and handling requirements.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "natural", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured", "consumed or used up" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Described in 67 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a L-arginine, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state", "use it up, and then need more of it" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Not recognisable by sight in any reliable way. Appearance varies with grade, form and additives; identification is by label, by documentation, or by assay." ], "relatedModels": [], "standing": "Described in 67 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one L-arginine from another, and a L-arginine from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a L-arginine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a L-arginine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a L-arginine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a L-arginine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a L-arginine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a L-arginine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a L-arginine sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a L-arginine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a L-arginine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a L-arginine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a L-arginine from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a L-arginine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a L-arginine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a L-arginine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a L-arginine is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a L-arginine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a L-arginine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a L-arginine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a L-arginine is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a L-arginine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a L-arginine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a L-arginine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a L-arginine is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a L-arginine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a L-arginine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a L-arginine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a L-arginine is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a L-arginine is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a L-arginine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a L-arginine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a L-arginine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a L-arginine is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a L-arginine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a L-arginine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a L-arginine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a L-arginine passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a L-arginine between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a L-arginine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a L-arginine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a L-arginine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a L-arginine, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a L-arginine is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a L-arginine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a L-arginine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a L-arginine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "use-and-operation", "name": "Use and operation", "description": "What can be done with a L-arginine and what it takes to do it.", "rationale": "An agent that can recognise a thing but not act on it has only half a model.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-use", "name": "Intended use and function", "description": "What a L-arginine is for, and what it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-and-purpose", "name": "Function, purpose and misuse", "description": "The function a L-arginine performs and the uses that fall outside it.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-and-purpose-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the use of a L-arginine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "function-and-purpose-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the use of a L-arginine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "function-and-purpose-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the use of a L-arginine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "handling-and-procedure", "name": "Handling and procedure", "description": "The steps, skills and tools involved in using a L-arginine.", "findings": [ { "id": "procedures-and-skills", "name": "Procedures, skills and required tools", "description": "What an agent needs before it can act on a L-arginine at all.", "questions": [ { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes handling a L-arginine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about handling a L-arginine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once handling a L-arginine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "supply-and-consumption", "name": "Supply and consumption", "description": "Quantities, rates and what running out means.", "findings": [ { "id": "consumption-and-stock", "name": "Consumption, stock and replenishment", "description": "How much of a L-arginine there is and how fast it goes.", "questions": [ { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the supply of a L-arginine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the supply of a L-arginine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the supply of a L-arginine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "composition-and-identity", "name": "Composition, grade and chemical identity", "description": "What L-arginine is made of and how pure the thing in hand is.", "rationale": "Grade decides what a substance may be used for, so a model that records only the name cannot support any decision about use.", "layers": [ { "id": "chemical-identity", "name": "Chemical identity", "description": "Formula, structure and the registry numbers that name it unambiguously.", "findings": [ { "id": "identity-record", "name": "Identity and registry numbers", "description": "What identifies this substance across suppliers and regulators.", "questions": [ { "id": "identity-record-q01", "text": "What formula, structure and registry identifiers name L-arginine unambiguously?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "identity-record-q02", "text": "Which related substances share a name in common use but not an identifier?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "grade-and-impurities", "name": "Grade, purity and impurities", "description": "The specification a batch meets and what else is in it.", "findings": [ { "id": "specification", "name": "Specification and assay", "description": "How purity is stated and measured, and which impurities matter.", "questions": [ { "id": "specification-q01", "text": "What grades of L-arginine exist, how is purity assayed, and which impurities are limited?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "specification-q02", "text": "Which use requires which grade, and what happens when a lower grade is substituted?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "properties-and-behaviour", "name": "Properties and behaviour", "description": "How L-arginine behaves under conditions an agent can measure or change.", "rationale": "Physical constants are the part of a substance model that transfers between contexts, and each needs its unit and its conditions.", "layers": [ { "id": "physical-constants", "name": "Physical constants", "description": "Values that hold for the pure substance, with their conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "constants-record", "name": "Constants and conditions", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the state they apply in.", "questions": [ { "id": "constants-record-q01", "text": "What are the defining physical constants of L-arginine, in what units and under what conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "constants-record-q02", "text": "Which of these values change with grade or form rather than being fixed?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "stability-and-reactivity", "name": "Stability and reactivity", "description": "What it reacts with, degrades into, and how it is stored.", "findings": [ { "id": "incompatibilities", "name": "Incompatibilities and degradation", "description": "What must not meet it, and what it becomes over time.", "questions": [ { "id": "incompatibilities-q01", "text": "What is L-arginine incompatible with, and what does it degrade into under storage?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "incompatibilities-q02", "text": "What storage and handling does that require, and who is competent to do it?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "hazard-and-regulation", "name": "Hazard classification and regulation", "description": "How L-arginine can harm, and what the law says about holding and moving it.", "rationale": "A substance model without its hazard class and its regulatory identity is unusable in exactly the situations that matter.", "layers": [ { "id": "hazard-class", "name": "Hazard classification", "description": "Classified hazards, exposure limits and protective measures.", "findings": [ { "id": "classified-hazards", "name": "Classified hazards and limits", "description": "The classification, the scheme it belongs to, and the limits set.", "questions": [ { "id": "classified-hazards-q01", "text": "How is L-arginine classified for hazard, under which scheme, and what exposure limits apply?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "classified-hazards-q02", "text": "What protection does handling require, and what must an agent refuse to do without it?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "regulatory-identity", "name": "Regulatory identity and control", "description": "Registration, restriction and transport rules by jurisdiction.", "findings": [ { "id": "controls", "name": "Controls and jurisdiction", "description": "Where it is restricted and what the restriction attaches to.", "questions": [ { "id": "controls-q01", "text": "Which registrations, restrictions or transport rules cover L-arginine, and where?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "controls-q02", "text": "Does the control attach to the substance, its concentration, or its intended use?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a L-arginine came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a L-arginine and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a L-arginine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a L-arginine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a L-arginine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a L-arginine is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a L-arginine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a L-arginine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a L-arginine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 9, "layers": 20, "findings": 22, "questions": 60 } } } }