{ "model": { "rank": 5863, "code": "thing-q173684", "model_id": "vr.tr.m1-abrams", "name": "M1 Abrams", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a registered M1 Abrams tank, assess its documented configuration and condition, and determine which inspection, maintenance, movement or custody actions are authorised.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.OBJ", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q173684/", "tier": 2, "score": 64, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "XM1 Abrams", "M1A1 Abrams", "M1A2 Abrams" ], "aliasCount": 3, "merged": 3, "knownIn": 64, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q173684", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173684", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T09:46:35Z", "providers": [ "Codex", "Grok" ], "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "usd": 0.01144882, "turns": 1, "seconds": 149.6, "error": null }, "codex": { "seconds": 70.6, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07b3e-5b41-7e60-a2fa-cb0fe0ade5b4\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: M1 Abrams\nRegistry id: vr.tr.m1-abrams\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.OBJ\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\nA Ver" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q173684", "registryId": "vr.tr.m1-abrams", "name": "M1 Abrams", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.OBJ" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q173684/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.m1-abrams", "name": "M1 Abrams", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a registered M1 Abrams tank, assess its documented configuration and condition, and determine which inspection, maintenance, movement or custody actions are authorised.", "definition": "The M1 Abrams is the United States' gas-turbine main battle tank family, fielded from 1980 with a four-person crew, composite (later depleted-uranium) armor, and a turreted high-velocity gun (105 mm M68A1 on M1; 120 mm M256 smoothbore from M1A1), produced by General Dynamics Land Systems as the Army's primary armored direct-fire platform.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the identity, configuration, physical condition, support dependencies and action constraints of an individual Abrams tank within vr.tr.m1-abrams, while leaving the exact family and variant boundary subject to registry clarification.", "in_scope": [ "Individual vehicle identity and evidence that it belongs to the Abrams entry", "Documented variant, modifications and installed equipment", "Condition of mobility, crew-safety and onboard systems", "Maintenance history, inspections and configuration-specific support needs", "Custody, demilitarisation status and permissions governing handling" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Battlefield tactics, targeting and weapon-employment procedures", "Military unit organisation, doctrine and campaign planning", "Detailed ammunition design and ammunition stock management", "Manufacturing facilities and supplier organisations", "Transporter, bridge and recovery-vehicle models, except their compatibility relationships", "Independent models of removable components beyond their installation and condition relationships" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Require an identification plate, serial-linked record or equivalent provenance identifying the vehicle as an Abrams; a similar silhouette is insufficient.", "Distinguish the original M1 designation from broader Abrams-family usage using the recorded variant and modification history, rather than treating every Abrams label as the same configuration.", "Cross-check hull, turret and installed-equipment evidence against documentation for the claimed Abrams configuration; discrepancies must remain visible.", "Distinguish a complete tank from an Abrams-derived platform, detached turret, replica or training device by documented platform role and physical completeness.", "Distinguish service configuration from demilitarised or museum configuration using records of removed, disabled or substituted systems." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Abrams identity evidence", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Links to identification markings, serial-linked records and supporting observations", "why_it_matters": "Prevents misidentification and separates this vehicle from visually similar or derived platforms." }, { "name": "Documented variant", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Exact designation as recorded by the responsible authority; unresolved or conflicting where necessary", "why_it_matters": "Selects the applicable documentation and prevents assumptions being transferred between configurations." }, { "name": "Installed configuration", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Dated relationships to hull, turret, powerpack, armament, protection equipment and modification records", "why_it_matters": "The designation alone may not describe the systems actually fitted." }, { "name": "Observed mobility condition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Untested, restricted, available under stated conditions, unavailable or unknown; with evidence date", "why_it_matters": "Supports decisions about inspection, maintenance and movement without implying combat readiness." }, { "name": "Operating exposure", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Kilometres and operating hours, separately recorded with meter provenance", "why_it_matters": "Supports maintenance decisions while exposing replaced meters and incomplete service histories." }, { "name": "Configured transport envelope", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Mass in kg; length, width and height in m; each tied to a stated load and installed configuration", "why_it_matters": "Movement compatibility depends on the actual vehicle configuration." }, { "name": "Safety restrictions", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Documented restrictions concerning stored energy, fire, hazardous materials, weapons and crew access; unknown permitted", "why_it_matters": "An apparently stationary or preserved tank can still require controlled handling." }, { "name": "Custody and action authority", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Current custodian, responsible maintainer and action-specific authorisations", "why_it_matters": "Physical capability and permission to act are separate judgements." } ], "affordances": [ "Reconcile an Abrams identification claim against serial-linked records and observed configuration.", "Record inspections and raise configuration-specific maintenance requests with supporting evidence.", "Compare documented movement requirements with a proposed transporter or recovery resource.", "Identify missing safety evidence and refer handling decisions to the responsible qualified authority.", "Track configuration changes and determine which earlier assessments require review.", "Prepare a custody or preservation handover identifying restrictions, unresolved discrepancies and required records." ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "hunnicutt-1990", "title": "Abrams: A History of the American Main Battle Tank", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Design lineage from XM1 through early M1A1, armor and armament choices, production history, and the four-person crew layout." }, { "id": "tm-9-2350-264-10", "title": "TM 9-2350-264-10 Operator's Manual for Tank, Combat, Full-Tracked, 120-mm Gun, M1A1", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Official crew, controls, ammunition handling, and operator-level characteristics of the 120 mm M1A1." }, { "id": "zaloga-nv2", "title": "M1 Abrams Main Battle Tank 1982-92 (New Vanguard 2)", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Early operational use, Gulf War employment, and distinction of M1 versus M1A1 configurations." }, { "id": "wikipedia-m1-abrams", "title": "M1 Abrams", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M1_Abrams", "what_it_supports": "Variant sequence through SEPv3/M1E3, operator list, and publicly repeated mass, speed, and armament figures.", "url_status": "live" } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "abrams-identity-and-boundary", "name": "Abrams identity and boundary", "description": "Establishes what vehicle is represented and which interpretation of M1 Abrams applies.", "rationale": "The entry name must not silently collapse variant distinctions or admit every Abrams-derived object.", "layers": [ { "id": "vehicle-identification", "name": "Vehicle identification", "description": "Connects the physical tank to an individual identity and documented Abrams lineage.", "findings": [ { "id": "serial-linked-identity", "name": "Serial-linked identity", "description": "Record identification evidence, its provenance and any disagreement between markings and records.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which observed markings and serial-linked records identify this vehicle as an Abrams?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "serial-linked-identity-q01" }, { "text": "Do the hull, turret and custody records consistently refer to this individual vehicle?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "serial-linked-identity-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "family-and-platform-boundary", "name": "Family and platform boundary", "description": "Separates variant naming from decisions about what belongs under this registry entry.", "findings": [ { "id": "designation-and-inclusion", "name": "Designation and inclusion", "description": "Record the claimed designation and the basis for including a complete, modified, preserved or derived platform.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does this registry entry mean the original M1 variant or the Abrams tank family?", "kind": "definition", "id": "designation-and-inclusion-q01" }, { "text": "Is this object a tank covered by that meaning, or a derivative, replica, trainer or component requiring another model?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "designation-and-inclusion-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "abrams-installed-configuration", "name": "Abrams installed configuration", "description": "Represents the actual combination of major assemblies, upgrades and substitutions.", "rationale": "Assessments based only on an Abrams variant label can select incompatible requirements.", "layers": [ { "id": "major-assembly-baseline", "name": "Major assembly baseline", "description": "Identifies the installed hull, turret, propulsion and other configuration-defining systems.", "findings": [ { "id": "documented-versus-observed-fit", "name": "Documented versus observed fit", "description": "Maintain a dated configuration baseline with explicit discrepancies and unknowns.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which hull, turret, powerpack and armament configurations are documented as installed?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "documented-versus-observed-fit-q01" }, { "text": "Which observed assemblies or substitutions disagree with the claimed Abrams configuration?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "documented-versus-observed-fit-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "modifications-and-applicability", "name": "Modifications and applicability", "description": "Relates installed upgrades and removals to applicable maintenance and handling information.", "findings": [ { "id": "configuration-change-consequences", "name": "Configuration change consequences", "description": "Record changes to protection equipment, electronics and other fitted systems that affect support or handling.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which modification, removal or substitution records establish the current fitted configuration?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "configuration-change-consequences-q01" }, { "text": "Which manuals, inspections and previous compatibility assessments require review after those changes?", "kind": "action", "id": "configuration-change-consequences-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "abrams-condition-and-support", "name": "Abrams condition and support", "description": "Connects observed tank condition with maintenance evidence and support dependencies.", "rationale": "Mobility, onboard-system condition and maintenance eligibility require separate evidence for the fitted Abrams configuration.", "layers": [ { "id": "mobility-and-service-exposure", "name": "Mobility and service exposure", "description": "Records condition evidence for tracks, running gear, propulsion and associated service exposure.", "findings": [ { "id": "mobility-condition-evidence", "name": "Mobility condition evidence", "description": "Represent dated observations, restrictions and meter readings without converting an untested tank into a readiness claim.", "questions": [ { "text": "What dated inspection or authorised test evidence establishes the condition of tracks, running gear, propulsion, steering and braking?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "mobility-condition-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "What distance and operating-hour records support maintenance decisions, and where is their continuity uncertain?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "mobility-condition-evidence-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "onboard-systems-and-maintenance", "name": "Onboard systems and maintenance", "description": "Tracks faults and support needs for the fitted turret, electrical, observation and crew-support systems.", "findings": [ { "id": "faults-and-support-eligibility", "name": "Faults and support eligibility", "description": "Associate unresolved defects with applicable documentation, compatible support and qualified maintenance responsibility.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which fitted systems have documented faults, restrictions or overdue inspections?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "faults-and-support-eligibility-q01" }, { "text": "Which configuration-applicable documentation, parts, facilities and qualified personnel are required before maintenance can proceed?", "kind": "action", "id": "faults-and-support-eligibility-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "abrams-safe-handling-and-custody", "name": "Abrams safe handling and custody", "description": "Establishes evidence and authority for access, movement, recovery, storage and transfer.", "rationale": "An Abrams combines a substantial transport burden with configuration-dependent hazards that persist across service and preservation contexts.", "layers": [ { "id": "hazards-and-access", "name": "Hazards and access", "description": "Records handling restrictions, system safety status and any documented demilitarisation.", "findings": [ { "id": "handling-safety-evidence", "name": "Handling safety evidence", "description": "Require evidence for safety-related status rather than inferring it from inactivity, appearance or museum ownership.", "questions": [ { "text": "What qualified inspection records establish restrictions concerning weapons, ammunition presence, stored energy, fire protection and hazardous materials?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "handling-safety-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Which access or handling actions are permitted by the recorded safety status, and which require further assessment?", "kind": "action", "id": "handling-safety-evidence-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "Connects the configured vehicle to suitable movement resources and accountable custody.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-envelope-and-authority", "name": "Movement envelope and authority", "description": "Record configuration-specific dimensions, mass, movement restrictions and the authority responsible for the proposed action.", "questions": [ { "text": "What documented or measured mass and dimensions apply to the vehicle in its proposed transport configuration?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "movement-envelope-and-authority-q01" }, { "text": "Which compatibility assessments and custodian authorisations support the proposed transport, recovery or transfer?", "kind": "action", "id": "movement-envelope-and-authority-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "M1 / IPM1 (original 105 mm M68A1 production and improved-performance hull)", "M1A1 (120 mm M256, NBC overpressure, revised turret)", "M1A1HA / HC (heavy armor with depleted-uranium mesh)", "M1A2 (independent commander's thermal viewer and digital commander's station)", "M1A2 SEP / SEPv2 (common electronics architecture; under-armor APU on v2)", "M1A2 SEPv3 / M1A2C (increased electrical power, ammunition data link, Trophy APS provision)", "M1E3 (US Army clean-sheet weight and architecture redesign succeeding the SEPv4 path)", "Export and co-produced fleets (Egyptian Factory 200 builds, Australian AIM SA / SEPv3, M1A1M, M1A2K, M1A2S, M1A2T)" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of M1 Abrams this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Wikidata", "value_or_pattern": "Q188502", "note": "Item for the M1 Abrams tank family." }, { "scheme": "US Army nomenclature", "value_or_pattern": "M1, IPM1, M1A1, M1A2 plus suffix (HA, HC, AIM, SA, SEP, SEPv2, SEPv3/M1A2C, SEPv4/M1A2D, E3)", "note": "Service model designation used in property books and technical manuals." }, { "scheme": "NATO Stock Number (FSC 2350)", "value_or_pattern": "2350-01-xxx-xxxx (distinct NSN per model; e.g. M1 commonly 2350-01-061-2445, M1A1 commonly 2350-01-087-1095)", "note": "Federal Supply Class 2350 covers tracked combat vehicles; confirm the exact NSN against the specific configuration." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of M1 Abrams this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "TM 9-2350-264 series (operator, unit, and direct-support manuals) - US Department of the Army", "STANAG 4385 (120 mm × 570 tank ammunition interoperability for the Rh-120 / M256 family) - NATO", "Arms Export Control Act and ITAR, 22 CFR 120-130 - US Department of State", "MIL-STD-810 (environmental test methods for materiel) - US Department of Defense", "MIL-STD-882 (system safety) - US Department of Defense" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of M1 Abrams this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Organic tank of US Army armored brigade combat teams for combined-arms maneuver and defensive overwatch.", "Major combat use in the 1991 Gulf War and the 2003 Iraq invasion; later urban and convoy escort work with TUSK-type kits.", "Foreign Military Sales and co-production fleets in Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Australia, Poland, Taiwan, Morocco, and Iraq.", "Tanks transferred to Ukraine from 2023, often with locally added ERA, cages, and other field protection.", "Institutional gunnery and maneuver training (US Armor School at Fort Moore and equivalent national schools)." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of M1 Abrams this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "combat mass", "typical_range": "54-67", "unit": "t" }, { "quantity": "length, gun forward", "typical_range": "9.77", "unit": "m" }, { "quantity": "width over skirts", "typical_range": "3.66", "unit": "m" }, { "quantity": "governed road speed", "typical_range": "67", "unit": "km/h" }, { "quantity": "operational range (road, turbine)", "typical_range": "350-430", "unit": "km" }, { "quantity": "main-gun calibre", "typical_range": "105 (M1) or 120 (M1A1 onward)", "unit": "mm" }, { "quantity": "main-gun stowage", "typical_range": "40 (120 mm) to 55 (105 mm)", "unit": "rounds" }, { "quantity": "engine power (Honeywell AGT1500)", "typical_range": "1500", "unit": "hp" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of M1 Abrams this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "AGT1500 turbine: high fuel use, hot IR exhaust, and FOD/sand ingestion if filters and auxiliary power are neglected.", "Weight growth overloads final drives, tracks, and bridges; strategic lift is limited to heavy aircraft, rail, and sealift.", "Frontal protection is high, but roof, belly, rear, and side remain the usual kill paths for mines, IEDs, top-attack munitions, and close RPGs.", "Catastrophic hull or turret penetration can start ammunition or hydraulic fires; bustle blow-off panels mitigate but do not eliminate cook-off.", "Thrown track, fire-control or thermal-sight failure, and electrical overload take the tank out of the fight without a penetration.", "Depleted-uranium armor and APFSDS create post-kill contamination and political/export constraints.", "Friendly-fire misidentification in thermal sights was a documented 1991 problem, reduced but not erased by later CITV and combat ID." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of M1 Abrams this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "The US Army is the design authority; the US Marine Corps retired its M1A1s in 2020-21.", "Most export tanks omit US depleted-uranium armor inserts and some fire-control or communications fits.", "Egypt is the largest foreign operator and co-produces at Factory 200; Australia, Poland, and Taiwan take later SEP-family vehicles under national support arrangements.", "Ukrainian in-service tanks show field ERA, slat/cage armor, and other add-ons not part of the US baseline.", "Spoken name is \"Abrams\"; logistics and manuals key on M-series model, NSN, and serial, not the honorific." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of M1 Abrams this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Leopard 2", "difference": "German diesel MBT with a related 120 mm smoothbore (often L/55 vs M256 L/44); no AGT1500 turbine and typically no DU armor mesh." }, { "name": "Challenger 2", "difference": "British MBT with L30A1 rifled 120 mm gun and two-piece ammunition, versus the Abrams smoothbore and unitary 120 mm rounds." }, { "name": "M60 Patton", "difference": "Previous US MBT: steel armor, diesel powerpack, and 105 mm M68, not composite/DU armor or the AGT1500." }, { "name": "T-72 / T-90 family", "difference": "Three-person autoloader tanks with carousel hull ammunition, versus the Abrams four-person crew and bustle stowage with blow-off panels." }, { "name": "Merkava Mk 4", "difference": "Front-engined Israeli MBT with a rear hull hatch for casualties or infantry; Abrams is a conventional rear-engine, turret-centric layout." }, { "name": "K1 / K1A1", "difference": "Republic of Korea tank derived from the XM1 competition lineage but a separate national production type, not an M1 serial variant." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of M1 Abrams this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does vr.tr.m1-abrams cover the original M1 variant, the broader Abrams tank family, or another explicitly bounded set?", "Does an existing Vercy world model already own this concept, requiring a registry link instead of a separate publication?", "Which authoritative, accessible references establish variant distinctions and modification applicability without relying on visual guesses?", "Which condition categories and evidence-expiry rules are appropriate across operational, stored, demilitarised and museum vehicles?", "Where should the registry place Abrams-derived platforms, incomplete hulls and training devices, and which qualified records establish their handling restrictions?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 9, "findings": 16, "questions": 24 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "unclassified", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a M1 Abrams, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a registered M1 Abrams tank, assess its documented configuration and condition, and determine which inspection, maintenance, movement or custody actions are authorised.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "manufactured", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: XM1 Abrams, M1A1 Abrams, M1A2 Abrams.", "3 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 64 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a M1 Abrams, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by form and material. The registry holds no appearance data, so what a M1 Abrams looks like has to come from research." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "XM1 Abrams", "M1A1 Abrams", "M1A2 Abrams" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 64 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 3 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one M1 Abrams from another, and a M1 Abrams from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a M1 Abrams, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a M1 Abrams, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a M1 Abrams is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a M1 Abrams, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a M1 Abrams, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a M1 Abrams is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a M1 Abrams sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a M1 Abrams, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a M1 Abrams, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a M1 Abrams is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a M1 Abrams from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a M1 Abrams, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a M1 Abrams, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a M1 Abrams is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a M1 Abrams is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a M1 Abrams, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a M1 Abrams, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a M1 Abrams is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a M1 Abrams is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a M1 Abrams, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a M1 Abrams, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a M1 Abrams is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a M1 Abrams is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a M1 Abrams, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a M1 Abrams, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a M1 Abrams is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a M1 Abrams is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a M1 Abrams is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a M1 Abrams, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a M1 Abrams, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a M1 Abrams is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a M1 Abrams is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a M1 Abrams, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a M1 Abrams, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a M1 Abrams is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a M1 Abrams passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a M1 Abrams between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a M1 Abrams, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a M1 Abrams, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a M1 Abrams is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a M1 Abrams, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a M1 Abrams is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a M1 Abrams, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a M1 Abrams, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a M1 Abrams is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "use-and-operation", "name": "Use and operation", "description": "What can be done with a M1 Abrams and what it takes to do it.", "rationale": "An agent that can recognise a thing but not act on it has only half a model.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-use", "name": "Intended use and function", "description": "What a M1 Abrams is for, and what it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-and-purpose", "name": "Function, purpose and misuse", "description": "The function a M1 Abrams performs and the uses that fall outside it.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-and-purpose-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the use of a M1 Abrams, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "function-and-purpose-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the use of a M1 Abrams, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "function-and-purpose-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the use of a M1 Abrams is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "handling-and-procedure", "name": "Handling and procedure", "description": "The steps, skills and tools involved in using a M1 Abrams.", "findings": [ { "id": "procedures-and-skills", "name": "Procedures, skills and required tools", "description": "What an agent needs before it can act on a M1 Abrams at all.", "questions": [ { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes handling a M1 Abrams, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about handling a M1 Abrams, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once handling a M1 Abrams is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a M1 Abrams came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a M1 Abrams and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a M1 Abrams, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a M1 Abrams, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a M1 Abrams is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a M1 Abrams is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a M1 Abrams, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a M1 Abrams, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a M1 Abrams is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 13, "findings": 15, "questions": 45 } } } }