{ "model": { "rank": 6034, "code": "thing-q174053", "model_id": "vr.tr.relay", "name": "relay", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise an electrical relay, assess whether its switching behaviour is suitable and trustworthy, and determine permitted testing, operation or replacement.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.OBJ", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q174053/", "tier": 2, "score": 63, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "earth-leakage circuit breaker", "pressure switch", "RTB", "Takamisawa RY", "Vacuum relay", "time relay", "phase comparison relay", "smart relay", "signal relay", "staircase timer", "toggle relay", "Zählmagnet", "acoustic relay", "solid-state relay", "contactor", "Reed relay", "protective relay", "electromagnetic relay", "Thermorelays", "Buchholz relay", "mercury relay" ], "aliasCount": 21, "merged": 21, "knownIn": 63, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.relay", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q174053", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174053", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T11:07:59Z", "providers": [ "Codex", "Grok" ], "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "usd": 0.00910418, "turns": 1, "seconds": 87.1, "error": null }, "codex": { "seconds": 66.9, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07b89-75da-7c73-8bcb-fc67dce6980e\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: relay\nRegistry id: vr.tr.relay\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.OBJ\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\nA Vercy model" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q174053", "registryId": "vr.tr.relay", "name": "relay", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.OBJ" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q174053/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.relay", "name": "relay", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise an electrical relay, assess whether its switching behaviour is suitable and trustworthy, and determine permitted testing, operation or replacement.", "definition": "An electrically operated switching device that produces a predetermined, usually abrupt change in one or more output circuits when specified conditions are met in its controlling input circuit(s), typically isolating the control circuit from the load.", "scope_statement": "This draft interprets relay as a physical electrical switching device controlled by an electrical input; it owns the device's control-to-output behaviour, switching limits, connections, condition and intervention constraints, while leaving the registry's intended inclusion of solid-state and protective relays unresolved.", "in_scope": [ "Relay identity, operating technology and control-to-output relationship", "Control input requirements and switching or retention behaviour", "Output arrangement, connected load and applicable switching limits", "Terminal assignments, electrical separation and installation dependencies", "Observed operation, failure evidence and permitted interventions" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Communication relays, software relays and human relay activities", "The complete circuit, machine or process that the relay controls", "The internal construction and condition of the switched load", "Upstream control logic and system-level protection coordination", "Whole-system safety certification and maintenance policy" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Determine whether an electrical control input governs a distinct electrical switching output, rather than the device being solely a manually operated switch.", "Distinguish a packaged relay from a bare switching semiconductor by identifying its declared device role, control interface and output interface.", "Check whether the manufacturer identifies the device as a relay or contactor; do not decide from physical size or a guessed current threshold.", "Determine whether the device primarily switches on command or evaluates electrical conditions to issue protection commands, which may require a neighbouring protective-device model.", "Confirm that relay denotes a physical electrical device in this registry rather than a communications intermediary." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Operating technology", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Electromechanical, reed, solid-state, hybrid, other documented type, unknown", "why_it_matters": "Determines which operating observations, output states and failure tests are meaningful." }, { "name": "Control input specification", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "V AC or DC, Hz where applicable, A or W; documented operating range", "why_it_matters": "Establishes whether the available control signal can operate the device without exceeding its limits." }, { "name": "Output arrangement", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Documented pole and throw arrangement, contact forms, or semiconductor output configuration", "why_it_matters": "Identifies which circuits can be connected, disconnected or transferred." }, { "name": "State retention", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Non-latching, latching with documented set/reset behaviour, other, unknown", "why_it_matters": "Determines whether removing the control input establishes a predictable output state." }, { "name": "Observed switching state", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Per-output conducting, non-conducting, transitioning, indeterminate; paired with control input and observation time", "why_it_matters": "Allows comparison of requested and actual behaviour without equating an indicator with output confirmation." }, { "name": "Load-dependent switching limits", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "V, A and applicable load category, AC/DC conditions, inrush and duty constraints", "why_it_matters": "Supports suitability decisions using the actual load conditions rather than one headline rating." }, { "name": "Switching timing", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "ms for specified operate, release, reset or transfer events under stated conditions", "why_it_matters": "Determines whether switching meets the controlled circuit's timing requirements." }, { "name": "Terminal and circuit assignments", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Terminal-to-control, output, common, protective connection and external circuit mappings", "why_it_matters": "Supports correct connection, interpretation of measurements and replacement." }, { "name": "Electrical separation specification", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Documented separation between named circuits, associated ratings and evidence; unknown where unverified", "why_it_matters": "Prevents treating every relay output or off state as an isolation boundary." }, { "name": "Installation temperature", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "°C at the documented ambient, case or mounting reference point", "why_it_matters": "Supports assessment of thermal constraints and any applicable load derating." } ], "affordances": [ "Identify the relay and map its control and switching terminals from verified documentation.", "Assess compatibility with a proposed control supply and switched load.", "Command, set or reset the relay when the connected circuit permits the resulting transition.", "Test output behaviour against the input command using a procedure suitable for the relay technology.", "Investigate unexpected switching, failure to switch or excessive heating.", "Select a replacement using verified electrical, behavioural, mounting and application constraints." ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "iec-60050-444", "title": "IEV 444: Elementary relays", "url": "https://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&ievref=444-01-01", "what_it_supports": "IEC vocabulary definition of an elementary relay as a device producing sudden predetermined changes in output circuits when input conditions are fulfilled.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "iec-61810-1", "title": "IEC 61810-1: Electromechanical elementary relays - Part 1: General and safety requirements", "url": "https://webstore.iec.ch/publication/6035", "what_it_supports": "Product standard covering electromechanical elementary relays, ratings, and safety requirements used in industrial and appliance control.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "iec-62314", "title": "IEC 62314: Solid-state relays", "url": "https://webstore.iec.ch/publication/6809", "what_it_supports": "Product standard distinguishing solid-state relays from electromechanical types and stating ratings and performance tests.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "iec-60255", "title": "IEC 60255 series: Measuring relays and protection equipment", "url": "https://webstore.iec.ch/publication/2612", "what_it_supports": "Standards family for power-system protective relays, distinct from elementary control relays.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "ul-508", "title": "UL 508: Standard for Industrial Control Equipment", "url": "https://www.shopulstandards.com/ProductDetail.aspx?UniqueKey=13988", "what_it_supports": "North American listing practice for industrial control relays and related equipment.", "url_status": "live" } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "relay-identity-and-role", "name": "Relay identity and role", "description": "Establishes what device is present and which interpretation of relay applies.", "rationale": "A relay label alone does not establish its technology, behaviour or boundary with neighbouring switching and protection devices.", "layers": [ { "id": "device-identification", "name": "Device identification", "description": "Connects the physical device to evidence for its exact variant.", "findings": [ { "id": "variant-and-technology", "name": "Variant and technology", "description": "Record identifying markings, operating technology and the documentation supporting the variant assignment.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which manufacturer, part number and variant markings identify this relay?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "variant-and-technology-q01" }, { "text": "What operating technology does documentation establish, and which details remain unknown?", "kind": "definition", "id": "variant-and-technology-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "switching-role", "name": "Switching role", "description": "Locates the device between its control source and the circuits it switches.", "findings": [ { "id": "control-output-boundary", "name": "Control and output boundary", "description": "Record the device's switching role and distinguish it from the surrounding controller, load and protection functions.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which input controls which outputs, and what external circuits do those outputs serve?", "kind": "definition", "id": "control-output-boundary-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence places this device within relay rather than contactor, switch or protective-device scope?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "control-output-boundary-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "control-and-state-behaviour", "name": "Control and state behaviour", "description": "Describes how electrical input and prior state determine switching outcomes.", "rationale": "An agent must predict the effects of energisation, input removal and reset without assuming all relays return to a resting state.", "layers": [ { "id": "input-and-actuation", "name": "Input and actuation", "description": "Captures the electrical conditions and command sequence required for operation.", "findings": [ { "id": "valid-control-command", "name": "Valid control command", "description": "Record the input range, polarity or waveform requirements and any required pulse or sustained command.", "questions": [ { "text": "What input voltage, waveform, polarity and duration are specified for operating this variant?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "valid-control-command-q01" }, { "text": "What command sequence operates or resets it, including any separate set and reset inputs?", "kind": "action", "id": "valid-control-command-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "output-state-and-timing", "name": "Output state and timing", "description": "Captures output states, transition timing and dependence on previous commands.", "findings": [ { "id": "command-to-output-response", "name": "Command-to-output response", "description": "Record expected and measured output behaviour for input application, removal and restoration.", "questions": [ { "text": "What output state is specified after input removal or restoration, and does it depend on retained state?", "kind": "definition", "id": "command-to-output-response-q01" }, { "text": "Under the stated test conditions, what output transitions and timing were actually observed?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "command-to-output-response-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "switched-circuit-compatibility", "name": "Switched circuit compatibility", "description": "Relates output construction and ratings to the connected electrical load.", "rationale": "Switching suitability depends on topology, load behaviour and separation requirements, not merely nominal current.", "layers": [ { "id": "output-topology-and-separation", "name": "Output topology and separation", "description": "Records output paths, terminal meanings and documented electrical boundaries.", "findings": [ { "id": "output-paths-and-off-state", "name": "Output paths and off state", "description": "Record terminal connectivity in each relevant state and evidence for off-state and isolation properties.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which terminals conduct in each defined state, and what reference state defines any normally open or normally closed labels?", "kind": "definition", "id": "output-paths-and-off-state-q01" }, { "text": "What documentation establishes separation between circuits and any off-state leakage or residual conduction?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "output-paths-and-off-state-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "load-and-duty-envelope", "name": "Load and duty envelope", "description": "Compares actual switching demands with the applicable device limits.", "findings": [ { "id": "application-specific-rating", "name": "Application-specific rating", "description": "Record the ratings applicable to the load's electrical behaviour, switching frequency and installation conditions.", "questions": [ { "text": "What voltage, steady current, inrush and load characteristics must each output switch?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "application-specific-rating-q01" }, { "text": "Which documented ratings, thermal conditions and duty limits govern whether this load may be connected?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "application-specific-rating-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-intervention", "name": "Condition and intervention", "description": "Connects relay-specific failure evidence to testing, operation and replacement decisions.", "rationale": "A control signal or operation indicator alone cannot establish that the switched circuit reached its intended state.", "layers": [ { "id": "switching-health", "name": "Switching health", "description": "Evaluates whether outputs respond correctly and remain within relevant condition limits.", "findings": [ { "id": "verified-output-condition", "name": "Verified output condition", "description": "Record independent output observations and technology-appropriate evidence of deterioration or failure.", "questions": [ { "text": "What measurements confirm actual output conduction or interruption independently of the command or indicator?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "verified-output-condition-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence supports or rules out relevant faults such as welded contacts, failure to actuate, semiconductor failure or excessive heating?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "verified-output-condition-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "testing-and-replacement", "name": "Testing and replacement", "description": "Defines the conditions under which the relay may be exercised, disconnected or substituted.", "findings": [ { "id": "permitted-relay-intervention", "name": "Permitted relay intervention", "description": "Record circuit-dependent permission to change output state and the criteria for a suitable replacement.", "questions": [ { "text": "What isolation, load-state and control-inhibit conditions must hold before testing, manually operating or removing this relay?", "kind": "action", "id": "permitted-relay-intervention-q01" }, { "text": "Which control, output, retention, timing, separation and mounting properties must a replacement preserve?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "permitted-relay-intervention-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Electromechanical armature (elementary) relay", "Reed relay", "Solid-state relay (SSR)", "Latching / bistable relay", "Time-delay relay", "Protective (measuring) relay", "Thermal / overload relay", "Safety relay" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of relay this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Wikidata", "value_or_pattern": "Q128211", "note": "Item for the electrical relay (switching device)." }, { "scheme": "HS (Harmonized System)", "value_or_pattern": "8536.41 (voltage ≤ 60 V); 8536.49 (other relays)", "note": "Customs heading for electrical relays under apparatus for switching." }, { "scheme": "UNSPSC", "value_or_pattern": "39122300", "note": "Commodity class Relays (and more specific child codes for types)." }, { "scheme": "IEC 60617 / IEEE Std 315 graphical symbol", "value_or_pattern": "IEC 60617-S00328 and related contact/coil symbols", "note": "Schematic identity on electrical drawings, not a product SKU." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of relay this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "IEC 60050-444 (IEV) - International Electrotechnical Commission: vocabulary for elementary relays", "IEC 61810-1 - IEC: electromechanical elementary relays, general and safety requirements", "IEC 61812-1 - IEC: time relays for industrial use", "IEC 62314 - IEC: solid-state relays", "IEC 60255 series - IEC: measuring relays and protection equipment", "IEC 60947-4-1 / IEC 60947-5-1 - IEC: contactors, motor-starters, and control-circuit devices (boundary with relays)", "UL 508 / CSA C22.2 No. 14 - UL / CSA: industrial control equipment listing in North America", "EN 61810 (harmonized) and Low Voltage Directive 2014/35/EU - CENELEC / EU: CE marking of relays as electrical equipment", "IEEE C37 series (e.g. C37.90, C37.2 device function numbers) - IEEE: protective-relay performance and numbering in power systems" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of relay this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "PLC or microcontroller GPIO driving a coil or SSR input to switch mains loads, motors, heaters, lamps, and valves while galvanically isolating the logic side.", "Automotive fuse-box and body-control modules using ISO mini/micro plug-in relays for lighting, starter, fuel pump, and HVAC.", "Power-system protection: overcurrent, differential, and distance relays tripping circuit breakers on faults.", "Machine-safety circuits using force-guided (positively driven) contacts and safety relays to implement e-stop and guard interlocking.", "Telecom and test equipment using reed and mercury-wetted relays for low-level analog and RF signal switching.", "Building HVAC and lighting contactors/relays in distribution boards and BMS panels." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of relay this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Coil / control voltage", "typical_range": "5-24 V DC logic; 12/24 V automotive; 24/48/110/230 V AC/DC industrial", "unit": "V" }, { "quantity": "Contact switching current", "typical_range": "signal: mA-2 A; power PCB/plug-in: 5-30 A; contactors higher", "unit": "A" }, { "quantity": "Contact switching voltage", "typical_range": "30 V DC signal; 250-400 V AC power; some DC up to hundreds of volts", "unit": "V" }, { "quantity": "Operate / release time (EMR)", "typical_range": "2-15 ms typical; reed faster; SSR half-cycle to a few ms", "unit": "ms" }, { "quantity": "Mechanical / electrical endurance", "typical_range": "10^5-10^7 mechanical operations; electrical life much lower at rated load", "unit": "operations" }, { "quantity": "Dielectric / isolation voltage", "typical_range": "1-5 kV coil-to-contact common for reinforced isolation parts", "unit": "V" }, { "quantity": "Contact resistance (new)", "typical_range": "10-100 mΩ power contacts; milliohms to ohms for dry reed/signal", "unit": "Ω" }, { "quantity": "Power dissipation (coil or SSR)", "typical_range": "0.2-1.5 W coil; SSR heat follows load current and on-state drop", "unit": "W" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of relay this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Contact welding or sticking under inrush (lamps, motors, capacitive loads) so the load stays energized.", "Contact erosion, pitting, and high resistance from arcing, especially on DC inductive loads without suppression.", "Coil open-circuit, insulation failure, or overheating; SSR fail-short (typical) leaving the load on.", "Contact bounce causing false counts, logic glitches, or premature wear.", "Insulation breakdown or creepage failure causing shock or mixing of SELV and mains circuits.", "Nuisance trip or failure-to-trip of protective relays, leading to outages or uncleared faults and fire.", "Safety-relay defeat or welded contacts defeating e-stop if force-guided contacts and monitoring are not used.", "Audible chatter and coil AC hum; residual magnetism preventing release." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of relay this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "North America commonly specifies UL 508 / NEC panel practice and automotive ISO mini relays; coil voltages 24 V DC and 120 V AC are typical.", "IEC / Europe uses EN 61810, 24 V DC industrial control as the default, and CE/LVD; 'contactor' is more sharply distinguished from 'relay' by utilization category (AC-1/AC-3).", "Power-system protective relays follow IEEE C37 device numbers in North America and IEC 60255 / IEC 61850 in much of the rest of the world.", "Automotive form factors: ISO 280 mini/micro in most markets; some Japanese and older vehicles use different footprints.", "The word 'relay' in telecom historically meant a repeater or microwave hop, not a switching component; that sense is still used in radio and network engineering." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of relay this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Contactor", "difference": "A contactor is a high-current, high-endurance electromechanical switch for motors and power circuits, usually with large contacts, arc chutes, and utilization categories (IEC 60947-4-1); a control relay is for signalling or modest loads (IEC 61810). Overlap exists at the low-power end." }, { "name": "Solid-state switch / TRIAC / MOSFET driver (not packaged as an SSR)", "difference": "An SSR is a complete isolated module with specified isolation, I/O ratings, and often zero-cross switching; a bare TRIAC or FET on a PCB is not an SSR unless those ratings and isolation are designed and claimed." }, { "name": "Circuit breaker", "difference": "A breaker is a protective overcurrent device that opens on fault and is reset by an operator or mechanism; a relay (except a protective relay driving a breaker) is a commanded switch and does not itself provide overcurrent interruption ratings like a breaker." }, { "name": "Optocoupler / isolator", "difference": "An optocoupler transfers a signal across isolation without a load-switching output; a relay's purpose is to switch a load circuit. SSRs often contain an optocoupler as the isolation element." }, { "name": "Solenoid / actuator", "difference": "A solenoid converts current into linear mechanical motion for a valve or latch; a relay uses similar electromagnetic actuation but the useful output is electrical contacts (or a semiconductor switch), not mechanical work." }, { "name": "Repeater / radio relay", "difference": "In communications, a relay is a station that receives and retransmits a signal; it is not an electromechanical or solid-state switching component. Domain PHY.OBJ here is the switching device." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of relay this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does vr.tr.relay specifically denote electrical relays, given that the registry records no definition?", "Does this entry include solid-state, reed, time-delay and protective relays, or are some owned by separate registered things?", "What authoritative registry distinction separates relay from contactor and other electrically controlled switching devices?", "Which existing Vercy model, if any, already owns this concept and should be reused instead of creating another model?", "Which manufacturer documents and application requirements should establish technology-specific condition thresholds and permitted interventions?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 9, "findings": 16, "questions": 24 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "device, machine or tool", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a relay, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to recognise an electrical relay, assess whether its switching behaviour is suitable and trustworthy, and determine permitted testing, operation or replacement.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "manufactured", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: earth-leakage circuit breaker, pressure switch, RTB, Takamisawa RY, Vacuum relay, time relay, phase comparison relay, smart relay, signal relay, staircase timer, toggle relay, Zählmagnet.", "21 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 63 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a relay, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by form, by the arrangement of its controls, and by markings - a plate, a model number, a certification mark. Form alone rarely separates two models that do very different things." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "earth-leakage circuit breaker", "pressure switch", "RTB", "Takamisawa RY", "Vacuum relay", "time relay", "phase comparison relay", "smart relay", "signal relay", "staircase timer", "toggle relay", "Zählmagnet" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 63 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 21 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one relay from another, and a relay from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a relay, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a relay, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a relay is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a relay, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a relay, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a relay is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a relay sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a relay, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a relay, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a relay is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a relay from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a relay, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a relay, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a relay is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a relay is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a relay, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a relay, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a relay is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a relay is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a relay, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a relay, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a relay is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a relay is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a relay, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a relay, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a relay is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a relay is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a relay is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a relay, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a relay, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a relay is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a relay is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a relay, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a relay, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a relay is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a relay passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a relay between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a relay, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a relay, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a relay is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a relay, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a relay is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a relay, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a relay, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a relay is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "function-and-principle", "name": "Function and operating principle", "description": "What relay is for and how it achieves it.", "rationale": "Two devices with the same name can work on different principles, and the principle is what predicts failure and constrains use.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-function", "name": "Intended function", "description": "The job it does, and the jobs it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-record", "name": "Function, principle and variants", "description": "What it does, how, and which variants do it differently.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-record-q01", "text": "What function does relay perform, on what operating principle, and which variants differ in that principle?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "function-record-q02", "text": "What use falls outside the intended function but happens in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "capacity-and-rating", "name": "Capacity and rating", "description": "The numbers that say what it can do and where it stops.", "findings": [ { "id": "ratings", "name": "Ratings and their conditions", "description": "Rated capacity, power, throughput and the conditions each assumes.", "questions": [ { "id": "ratings-q01", "text": "What ratings characterise relay, in what units, and under what stated conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "ratings-q02", "text": "What happens beyond the rating - degradation, refusal, damage - and how is that detected?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "operation-and-state", "name": "Operation, controls and state", "description": "How relay is operated and what state it is in right now.", "rationale": "An agent acting on a device needs its current state and the controls that change it, not just its specification.", "layers": [ { "id": "controls-and-modes", "name": "Controls and modes", "description": "What can be set, what that changes, and what is interlocked.", "findings": [ { "id": "control-surface", "name": "Control surface and interlocks", "description": "The settings available and the conditions that block them.", "questions": [ { "id": "control-surface-q01", "text": "What controls and modes does relay have, and what does each change?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "control-surface-q02", "text": "Which actions are interlocked or forbidden in which state, and what must be true before acting?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-maintenance", "name": "Condition and maintenance", "description": "Wear, service intervals, consumables and the line between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "service-record", "name": "Condition, service and consumables", "description": "What is consumed, what is serviced, and how condition is judged.", "questions": [ { "id": "service-record-q01", "text": "What consumables and service does relay need, at what interval, and on whose authority?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "service-record-q02", "text": "What evidence separates a unit that is working from one that is out of service?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "kind-model-unit", "name": "Kind, model and unit", "description": "Whether a claim about relay is about the kind, a product line, or one physical unit.", "rationale": "This is the boundary most often got wrong for made things, and getting it wrong mixes a catalogue entry with the machine in the yard.", "layers": [ { "id": "level-of-reference", "name": "Level of reference", "description": "The three levels and what belongs at each.", "findings": [ { "id": "level-rules", "name": "What belongs to kind, model and unit", "description": "Which properties are shared by all of them and which are not.", "questions": [ { "id": "level-rules-q01", "text": "Which facts about relay hold for every one of them, which for a model, and which only for one unit?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "level-rules-q02", "text": "What identifies an individual unit, and what should an agent do when it has only the kind?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "standards-and-conformity", "name": "Standards and conformity", "description": "The standards a working example must meet and who attests it.", "findings": [ { "id": "conformity", "name": "Standards, marks and attestation", "description": "Which standard applies, who certifies, and what the mark means.", "questions": [ { "id": "conformity-q01", "text": "Which standards govern relay, issued by whom, and what does conformity actually assert?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "conformity-q02", "text": "What may an agent conclude from a certification mark, and what may it not?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a relay came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a relay and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a relay, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a relay, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a relay is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a relay is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a relay, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a relay, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a relay is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }