{ "model": { "rank": 5098, "code": "thing-q174102", "model_id": "vr.tr.refractive-index", "name": "refractive index", "purpose": "Enable an agent to identify what a refractive-index value describes, assess whether it applies to a specified propagation problem, and select defensible measurements or calculations.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Cross-cutting context", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "XCT", "domain": "XCT.QLT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q174102/", "tier": 2, "score": 70, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [], "aliasCount": 0, "merged": 0, "knownIn": 70, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q174102", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174102", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T21:39:44Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 22.9, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a0881b-b6c0-7930-8e28-cfbcaf8f6912\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: refractive index\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: XCT.QLT\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 1001 things:\n# Batch 005: 100", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 71.9, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a0881b-b6cb-7af2-b549-123f6ff73773\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: refractive index\nRegistry id: vr.tr.refractive-index\nPlane / domain: XCT / XCT.QLT\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry:" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q174102", "registryId": "vr.tr.refractive-index", "name": "refractive index", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "XCT.QLT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q174102/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.refractive-index", "name": "refractive index", "purpose": "Enable an agent to identify what a refractive-index value describes, assess whether it applies to a specified propagation problem, and select defensible measurements or calculations.", "definition": "Refractive index is a dimensionless optical quantity whose phase-index form is the ratio of the speed of light in vacuum to the phase velocity of light in a medium at a specified frequency and, where relevant, propagation direction and polarization.", "scope_statement": "This model owns vr.tr.refractive-index in XCT / XCT.QLT as a dimensionless electromagnetic propagation quantity, including the conditions, conventions, evidence and validity limits required to interpret its material, relative, complex, group and modal forms.", "in_scope": [ "Absolute phase refractive index and its reference to light propagation in vacuum.", "Explicit distinctions between phase, group, relative, complex and effective modal indices.", "Dependence on frequency, material state, propagation direction, polarization and optical intensity.", "Measurement methods, inferred values, dispersion representations and uncertainty.", "Conditions under which index values support optical calculations or material comparisons." ], "out_of_scope": [ "Complete chemical, structural or manufacturing models of the indexed material.", "Full electromagnetic constitutive models of permittivity, permeability and nonlocal response.", "Complete designs of lenses, waveguides, refractometers or interferometers.", "Independent models of absorption, scattering, reflectance and transmittance.", "Acoustic or other non-electromagnetic analogues of refractive index." ], "distinguishing_features": [ "An absolute phase index relates vacuum light speed to phase velocity; a velocity, travel time or refraction angle alone is not an index.", "A group index concerns group propagation and cannot automatically replace phase index in a monochromatic refraction calculation.", "A relative index requires an ordered pair of media; an absolute index uses vacuum as its reference.", "A complex index requires a wave-sign convention and represents propagation with attenuation or gain; its imaginary component is not itself a length-based absorption coefficient.", "A material index describes a medium under specified conditions, whereas an effective modal index also depends on the selected guided mode and structure." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Index interpretation", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "phase or group; absolute or relative; bulk, effective medium or guided mode; real or complex", "why_it_matters": "These independent qualifiers determine which values can be compared and which equations can use them." }, { "name": "Index value", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Dimensionless real value or explicitly defined complex components", "why_it_matters": "Provides the numerical propagation descriptor without assuming that every valid index must exceed one." }, { "name": "Spectral coordinate", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Vacuum wavelength in m, frequency in Hz or angular frequency in rad/s", "why_it_matters": "An index without its spectral coordinate is generally insufficient for quantitative reuse." }, { "name": "Indexed medium and reference", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Material or sample identity; vacuum or named reference medium; ordered ratio where relative", "why_it_matters": "Prevents applying a value to the wrong sample or confusing air-relative and vacuum-relative reports." }, { "name": "Material conditions", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Temperature, pressure, composition, density and phase with stated units and relevance", "why_it_matters": "Conditions can change the index and must accompany comparisons or corrections." }, { "name": "Propagation configuration", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Wavevector direction, polarization, crystal axes and mode identifier as applicable", "why_it_matters": "Selects the appropriate index when one scalar cannot describe all propagation configurations." }, { "name": "Spatial and intensity dependence", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Uniform or spatially varying; linear or intensity-dependent; unknown", "why_it_matters": "Determines whether a single constant can represent the intended propagation region and operating regime." }, { "name": "Evidence and uncertainty", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Source, measurement or fit method, dimensionless uncertainty, coverage convention and parameter covariance where available", "why_it_matters": "Supports judgments about compatibility, precision and defensible downstream use." }, { "name": "Validity domain", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Supported spectral and environmental intervals, configuration constraints and interpolation or extrapolation status", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes supported evaluations from extensions beyond the evidence." } ], "affordances": [ "Normalize index reports to explicit spectral, reference-medium and sign conventions.", "Compare values only after aligning material conditions, polarization and index interpretation.", "Evaluate an index from a supported dispersion relation and propagate available uncertainty.", "Select a measurement method that can identify the required real, complex or directional index.", "Use an applicable index to calculate phase accumulation, optical path length or interface refraction.", "Flag missing conditions, unsupported extrapolation or substitution of the wrong index type." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "index-meaning", "name": "Index meaning", "description": "Establish exactly which refractive-index quantity a report denotes.", "rationale": "Identically labelled numbers can describe different propagation quantities or references.", "layers": [ { "id": "phase-and-reference", "name": "Phase and reference", "description": "Identify the baseline phase quantity and the medium against which it is expressed.", "findings": [ { "id": "absolute-or-relative-index", "name": "Absolute or relative index", "description": "Record whether the value is an absolute phase index or an explicitly ordered ratio between two media, including all reference conditions.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the value represent c divided by phase velocity, or a ratio of indices between named media?", "kind": "definition", "id": "absolute-or-relative-index-q01" }, { "text": "If the report is relative to air or another medium, what reference index and conditions permit conversion to a vacuum reference?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "absolute-or-relative-index-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "complex-and-derived-forms", "name": "Complex and derived forms", "description": "Disambiguate complex propagation descriptions and group or modal quantities.", "findings": [ { "id": "propagation-conventions", "name": "Propagation conventions", "description": "Record the mathematical definition, temporal and spatial sign conventions, and interpretation of any complex value; definitions require particular care in lossy or active media. [Primary analysis of refractive-index conventions](https://arxiv.org/abs/0901.2466).", "questions": [ { "text": "Is this a phase, group, complex phase or effective modal index, and what equation defines it?", "kind": "definition", "id": "propagation-conventions-q01" }, { "text": "Under the stated wave convention, which sign of the imaginary component denotes attenuation, and how was any branch choice justified?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "propagation-conventions-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "spectral-and-material-conditions", "name": "Spectral and material conditions", "description": "Attach an index to the radiation and material state for which it is valid.", "rationale": "A bare number cannot reliably identify the optical response of a material.", "layers": [ { "id": "spectral-dependence", "name": "Spectral dependence", "description": "Capture individual spectral values and supported dispersion representations.", "findings": [ { "id": "wavelength-and-dispersion", "name": "Wavelength and dispersion", "description": "Require a spectral coordinate for each value and explicit coefficients, units and validity intervals for any fitted dispersion function.", "questions": [ { "text": "What frequency or vacuum wavelength does the value describe, and does any spectral-line notation resolve to a stated wavelength?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "wavelength-and-dispersion-q01" }, { "text": "Which measured interval supports the dispersion representation, and would the requested evaluation interpolate or extrapolate?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "wavelength-and-dispersion-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "sample-state", "name": "Sample state", "description": "Identify the sample and environmental conditions that qualify its index.", "findings": [ { "id": "environment-and-composition", "name": "Environment and composition", "description": "Record relevant temperature, pressure and composition conditions rather than treating index as an unconditional material constant; NIST's air-index formulation explicitly uses wavelength and atmospheric conditions. [NIST documentation](https://emtoolbox.nist.gov/wavelength/documentation.asp).", "questions": [ { "text": "Which sample composition, physical phase, temperature and pressure accompanied the reported value?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "environment-and-composition-q01" }, { "text": "Which condition differences require correction before this value can be compared with another report?", "kind": "action", "id": "environment-and-composition-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "direction-mode-and-response", "name": "Direction, mode and response", "description": "Determine when a scalar material index adequately represents the propagation problem.", "rationale": "Anisotropy, confinement, spatial variation and nonlinear response change what an index value applies to.", "layers": [ { "id": "anisotropy-and-polarization", "name": "Anisotropy and polarization", "description": "Associate index values with the relevant crystal directions and polarization states.", "findings": [ { "id": "directional-index-selection", "name": "Directional index selection", "description": "Record whether the medium is treated as isotropic, uniaxial or biaxial and how the selected propagation direction and polarization determine the applicable index.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is one scalar sufficient, or must principal indices and their associated axes be recorded?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "directional-index-selection-q01" }, { "text": "Which propagation direction and polarization select the reported value, and is an extraordinary value principal or direction-specific?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "directional-index-selection-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "effective-and-varying-index", "name": "Effective and varying index", "description": "Qualify values that depend on averaging, confinement, position or optical drive.", "findings": [ { "id": "representation-level", "name": "Representation level", "description": "Distinguish a bulk material value from an effective-medium approximation, a mode-specific propagation index, or a local index varying with position or intensity.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does this index belong to a bulk sample, an averaged composite, a specific guided mode or a local position in an index profile?", "kind": "definition", "id": "representation-level-q01" }, { "text": "What geometry, averaging scale, mode selection or intensity regime must remain valid when reusing it?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "representation-level-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "measurement-and-identifiability", "name": "Measurement and identifiability", "description": "Explain how observations support the reported index and how strongly they constrain it.", "rationale": "Different experiments infer different aspects of refractive index and may depend on nonunique inverse models.", "layers": [ { "id": "measurement-route", "name": "Measurement route", "description": "Connect the reported value to observables, calibration and inference assumptions.", "findings": [ { "id": "observable-to-index", "name": "Observable to index", "description": "Record whether the value comes from angular refractometry, critical-angle measurements, interferometry, ellipsometry or another method, and identify the assumptions connecting observables to index.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which measured observable and calibration reference determine this index?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "observable-to-index-q01" }, { "text": "Could thickness, absorption, surface roughness or another fitted parameter trade off against index in the inference?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "observable-to-index-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "uncertainty-and-source-compatibility", "name": "Uncertainty and source compatibility", "description": "Assess whether available evidence supports the precision and agreement claimed.", "findings": [ { "id": "qualified-index-evidence", "name": "Qualified index evidence", "description": "Preserve the original source, sample context, uncertainty convention and fit dependencies so disagreement is assessed before values are combined.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which accessible source reports the value, method, sample conditions and uncertainty?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "qualified-index-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "After matching conditions and definitions, are differences between reports consistent with their uncertainties or still unresolved?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "qualified-index-evidence-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "permitted-optical-use", "name": "Permitted optical use", "description": "Connect qualified index descriptions to calculations and decisions they can support.", "rationale": "An agent must establish applicability before using an index as an input to optical reasoning.", "layers": [ { "id": "calculation-selection", "name": "Calculation selection", "description": "Match the requested optical result to the appropriate index interpretation and propagation assumptions.", "findings": [ { "id": "phase-refraction-or-delay", "name": "Phase, refraction or delay", "description": "Require an explicit choice between phase accumulation, interface refraction, modal propagation and pulse delay before selecting an index value.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the requested result require phase index, group index, a complex propagation constant or a mode-specific index?", "kind": "action", "id": "phase-refraction-or-delay-q01" }, { "text": "Are the medium, interface and bandwidth assumptions sufficient for the chosen optical-path, refraction or delay calculation?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "phase-refraction-or-delay-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "validation-and-next-action", "name": "Validation and next action", "description": "Determine whether the available index is adequate or further characterization is required.", "findings": [ { "id": "use-or-characterize", "name": "Use or characterize", "description": "Compare the requested operating conditions and tolerance with the evidence-supported domain, then identify the specific missing information preventing use.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does uncertainty in this index keep the calculated optical result within the required tolerance?", "kind": "action", "id": "use-or-characterize-q01" }, { "text": "If applicability is unresolved, which spectral measurement, environmental measurement or directional characterization would resolve it?", "kind": "action", "id": "use-or-characterize-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "This describes the optical physical quantity; all information is recalled rather than checked against sources.", "Numerical examples are approximate visible-light values, not material specifications or universal bounds; indices below one and negative effective indices occur in particular regimes.", "Complex-index sign conventions vary with the wave convention, and effective-index definitions depend on the propagation model." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of refractive index this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Absolute phase refractive index", "Relative refractive index between two media", "Group refractive index", "Complex refractive index", "Ordinary and extraordinary refractive indices in uniaxial crystals", "Effective refractive index of a guided mode" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of refractive index this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Conventional quantity symbols", "value_or_pattern": "n; n_g for group index", "note": "These are quantity symbols, not unique registry identifiers; wavelength and measurement conditions are needed to identify a reported value." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of refractive index this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "ISO 80000-7, issued by ISO, standardizes quantities and units for light and radiation, including refractive index." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of refractive index this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Designing lenses, prisms and other optical components.", "Controlling light guidance and dispersion in optical fibres and waveguides.", "Estimating solution concentration using calibrated refractometry.", "Identifying or characterizing gemstones, glasses and liquids.", "Matching immersion media and optical interfaces to reduce reflection and aberration." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of refractive index this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Absolute phase refractive index", "typical_range": "Vacuum: exactly 1; air near ambient conditions: approximately 1.0003; water in visible light near room temperature: approximately 1.33; many common optical glasses: approximately 1.45-1.9.", "unit": "1 (dimensionless)" }, { "quantity": "Birefringence", "typical_range": "Zero for an isotropic medium; nonzero and dependent on wavelength and material for birefringent media.", "unit": "1 (dimensionless)" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of refractive index this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Using an index without its wavelength, temperature and relevant pressure or composition can produce incorrect optical predictions.", "Confusing phase index with group index gives incorrect pulse-delay estimates in dispersive media.", "Treating an anisotropic medium as having one scalar index can miss polarization-dependent propagation.", "Ignoring the imaginary part of a complex index can conceal absorption and invalidate transmission estimates.", "Inferring concentration or material identity from refractive index alone can be ambiguous when composition is not independently constrained." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of refractive index this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Refraction", "difference": "Refraction is a change in wave propagation associated with spatial variation of optical properties; refractive index is a quantity used to describe those properties." }, { "name": "Dispersion", "difference": "Dispersion concerns how propagation depends on frequency; refractive index specifies propagation at a frequency, with its frequency dependence describing material dispersion." }, { "name": "Birefringence", "difference": "Birefringence distinguishes refractive indices for different polarization modes rather than naming an individual index." }, { "name": "Reflectance", "difference": "Reflectance is the fraction of incident optical power reflected; refractive index helps determine it but is not a power fraction." }, { "name": "Relative permittivity", "difference": "Relative permittivity describes electrical response; its relation to refractive index also involves magnetic response and assumptions about the medium." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of refractive index this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does the existing Vercy catalogue already provide an authoritative model for refractive index or any of its named forms that this registry entry should reference?", "Which primary references should govern complex-index sign and branch conventions for absorbing, active and negative-index media?", "What minimum evidence is required before converting a phase-index dispersion fit into a group-index estimate, especially near absorption resonances?", "Which application-specific uncertainty thresholds should distinguish an index suitable for material screening from one suitable for precision optical metrology?", "Where should this model hand off to full constitutive or wave models when anisotropy, spatial dispersion or strong inhomogeneity makes a scalar index inadequate?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 18, "questions": 28 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a refractive index, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to identify what a refractive-index value describes, assess whether it applies to a specified propagation problem, and select defensible measurements or calculations.", "characteristics": { "substance": "abstract", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Described in 70 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a refractive index, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "an abstraction with no physical instance", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [], "standing": "Described in 70 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one refractive index from another, and a refractive index from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a refractive index, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a refractive index, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a refractive index is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a refractive index, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a refractive index, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a refractive index is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a refractive index sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a refractive index, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a refractive index, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a refractive index is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a refractive index from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a refractive index, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a refractive index, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a refractive index is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a refractive index passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a refractive index between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a refractive index, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a refractive index, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a refractive index is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a refractive index, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a refractive index is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a refractive index, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a refractive index, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a refractive index is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What refractive index is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of refractive index are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is refractive index operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of refractive index and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of refractive index?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as refractive index?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a refractive index came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a refractive index and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a refractive index, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a refractive index, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a refractive index is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a refractive index is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a refractive index, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a refractive index, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a refractive index is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 10, "findings": 12, "questions": 32 } } } }