{ "model": { "rank": 3507, "code": "thing-q174219", "model_id": "vr.tr.paint", "name": "paint", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise paint, assess its condition and suitability for a surface, and determine appropriate preparation, application, curing and maintenance actions.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.OBJ", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q174219/", "tier": 2, "score": 85, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "vehicle paint", "luminous paint", "blacklight paint", "insulative paint", "lead paint", "acrylic paint", "vinyl paint", "Magna", "hammer paint", "artist's color", "Artists' paints", "aerosol paint", "Alcro", "chalk paint", "TAMIYA COLOR", "top color", "fugitive colour", "vapor-permeable paint", "latex paint", "metallic paint", "wax paint", "Aluminum paint", "enamel paint", "fresco", "oil paint", "emulsion paint", "road marking paint", "whitewash", "acrylate dispersion color", "silicate emulsion paint", "Black Widow", "Slamfärg", "Silver yellow", "silicate paint", "fingerpaint", "Undark", "watermedia", "PPG Paints", "silicate mineral paint", "Hammerite" ], "aliasCount": 48, "merged": 48, "knownIn": 85, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q174219", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174219", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T14:25:12Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 31.5, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07c41-21ac-7d40-8376-7d0eacbb82dd\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: paint\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.OBJ\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 1001 things:\n# Batch 004: 1001 registere", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 74.8, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07c41-211e-7901-b792-3dbf679a266f\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: paint\nRegistry id: vr.tr.paint\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.OBJ\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\n\nContext for " } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q174219", "registryId": "vr.tr.paint", "name": "paint", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.OBJ" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q174219/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.paint", "name": "paint", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise paint, assess its condition and suitability for a surface, and determine appropriate preparation, application, curing and maintenance actions.", "definition": "Paint is a pigmented coating material that, when applied to a substrate, forms an opaque film providing protective, decorative or other functional properties.", "scope_statement": "This model covers vr.tr.paint in the sense of a formulated coating material applied to a substrate to form a pigmented film for protection, decoration or marking, including its supplied, mixed, applied and cured states.", "in_scope": [ "Paint formulation families, constituent roles and delivery forms", "Compatibility with substrates, primers and existing coatings", "Preparation, application, drying and curing requirements", "Appearance, coverage and protective performance of the resulting paint film", "Storage condition, usable life and paint-specific handling and disposal constraints" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Painting as an activity, trade or artistic practice", "Paintings and other artworks as creative objects", "Brushes, rollers, sprayers and other application equipment", "Pigments, binders and solvents as independently registered materials", "Substrates and coated objects except for their relationship to paint", "Inks, dyes, clear varnishes and sealants except where their boundary with paint requires clarification" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Is intended to form a coating film on a surface, distinguishing it from a dye whose principal purpose is to colour material by penetration.", "Combines a film-forming system with pigmentation, distinguishing formulated paint from loose pigment or pigment dispersion alone.", "Is identified through coating use and application requirements; a coloured liquid alone is insufficient to distinguish paint from ink.", "Has an intended applied-film appearance or protective function, distinguishing paint material from the artwork or painted object it helps produce.", "May be supplied in different physical forms, so being liquid is not a sufficient or universally required identification test." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Binder and cure system", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Declared binder family and film-formation or cure mechanism; unknown where undocumented", "why_it_matters": "Influences compatibility, application conditions and the development of film properties." }, { "name": "Delivery form and carrier", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Waterborne liquid, solventborne liquid, powder or other declared form", "why_it_matters": "Determines preparation, application equipment and handling requirements." }, { "name": "Component configuration", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Single-component or multicomponent; specified mixing ratio by mass or volume", "why_it_matters": "Identifies whether components must be combined and whether mixing starts a limited working period." }, { "name": "Substrate and coating-system compatibility", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Supported substrates, surface treatments, primers, previous coatings and topcoats", "why_it_matters": "Supports selection of a paint that can adhere and function within the intended coating system." }, { "name": "Colour and finish", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Colour reference, tint base, gloss or sheen designation, texture and special-effect designation", "why_it_matters": "Defines the intended visual result and enables comparison with an approved reference." }, { "name": "Volume solids", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "% by volume, with measurement basis and product condition", "why_it_matters": "Relates wet-film application to dry-film build and theoretical coverage." }, { "name": "Recommended film thickness", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Wet-film and dry-film thickness in µm, identifying per-coat or total-system values", "why_it_matters": "Helps avoid insufficient protection and defects caused by excessive film build." }, { "name": "Coverage", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "m²/L or m²/kg at stated film thickness; theoretical or practical basis", "why_it_matters": "Supports quantity estimates without treating substrate losses and application losses as fixed." }, { "name": "Application and cure envelope", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Specified air and substrate temperatures in °C, relative humidity in %, and dew-point margin in °C where applicable", "why_it_matters": "Determines whether the proposed conditions support application and film formation." }, { "name": "Working and curing times", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Induction time, pot life, drying stages, recoat interval and full-cure time in minutes or hours under stated conditions", "why_it_matters": "Separates usable working time from readiness for recoating, handling or service." }, { "name": "Material and film condition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "As supplied, separated, remixed, mixed, applied, drying, cured or defective; observations recorded separately", "why_it_matters": "Prevents actions suitable for one stage from being assumed suitable for another." } ], "affordances": [ "Select paint for a specified substrate, exposure and visual finish using documented compatibility.", "Estimate required quantity from area, film build, solids content and an explicit allowance for losses.", "Determine whether stirring, thinning or component mixing is permitted and how it affects usable life.", "Check whether application, recoating or return to service is supported by current conditions and documented timing.", "Inspect stored paint and applied films to identify defects and choose further assessment or corrective work.", "Identify product-specific handling, storage and disposal requirements from applicable documentation." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "paint-identity-and-formulation", "name": "Paint identity and formulation", "description": "Establishes the paint sense, formulation family and material configuration.", "rationale": "Paint behaviour depends on its formulation; neither colour nor a generic product name establishes how it can be used.", "layers": [ { "id": "coating-identity", "name": "Coating identity", "description": "Distinguishes paint from adjacent colouring and coating materials.", "findings": [ { "id": "intended-pigmented-film", "name": "Intended pigmented film", "description": "Record the intended film-forming use and the evidence supporting classification as paint.", "questions": [ { "text": "What pigmented film is this material intended to form, and is its purpose decorative, protective, marking or a combination?", "kind": "definition", "id": "intended-pigmented-film-q01" }, { "text": "What distinguishes this material from an ink, dye, clear varnish, pigment preparation or sealant in its intended use?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "intended-pigmented-film-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "formulation-and-components", "name": "Formulation and components", "description": "Records constituent roles, delivery form and component relationships without requiring a complete proprietary recipe.", "findings": [ { "id": "binder-carrier-and-mixing-system", "name": "Binder, carrier and mixing system", "description": "Identify the declared binder, carrier, pigmentation and component configuration that govern preparation and film formation.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which product documents identify the binder family, carrier or powder form, and required components?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "binder-carrier-and-mixing-system-q01" }, { "text": "If components are combined, what ratio, measurement basis, induction time and pot life apply?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "binder-carrier-and-mixing-system-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "substrate-and-coating-system", "name": "Substrate and coating system", "description": "Connects paint selection to the receiving surface and neighbouring coating layers.", "rationale": "A paint cannot be judged suitable independently of substrate condition and the coating system in which it will function.", "layers": [ { "id": "surface-readiness", "name": "Surface readiness", "description": "Identifies substrate properties and preparation requirements relevant to adhesion and film integrity.", "findings": [ { "id": "substrate-preparation-requirements", "name": "Substrate preparation requirements", "description": "Record supported substrates and required control of contamination, moisture, surface profile or alkalinity where relevant.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which substrates are supported, and what evidence establishes compatibility with this particular surface?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "substrate-preparation-requirements-q01" }, { "text": "What cleaning, drying, abrasion, corrosion removal or other preparation must be completed before application?", "kind": "action", "id": "substrate-preparation-requirements-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "intercoat-compatibility", "name": "Intercoat compatibility", "description": "Describes paint's role among primers, intermediate coats, previous finishes and topcoats.", "findings": [ { "id": "paint-system-position", "name": "Paint system position", "description": "Identify the intended coating-system role and evidence that adjoining layers can be combined.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does this paint serve as a primer, intermediate coat, finish coat or a documented combination of roles?", "kind": "definition", "id": "paint-system-position-q01" }, { "text": "Which previous and subsequent coatings are compatible, and what preparation or compatibility check is required when an existing coating is unknown?", "kind": "action", "id": "paint-system-position-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "application-and-film-formation", "name": "Application and film formation", "description": "Relates material preparation and deposition to a sufficiently formed paint film.", "rationale": "Applied thickness, environmental conditions and elapsed time determine whether a selected paint achieves its intended state.", "layers": [ { "id": "preparation-and-deposition", "name": "Preparation and deposition", "description": "Records permitted preparation, application methods and material-use quantities.", "findings": [ { "id": "controlled-film-build", "name": "Controlled film build", "description": "Connect application method, permitted thinning and coat thickness to coverage expectations.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which application methods are supported, and what stirring, filtering or thinning instructions apply to each?", "kind": "action", "id": "controlled-film-build-q01" }, { "text": "What wet-film or dry-film thickness and coverage are specified, and under what solids-content and loss assumptions?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "controlled-film-build-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "drying-curing-and-recoating", "name": "Drying, curing and recoating", "description": "Separates film-formation stages and their environmental dependencies.", "findings": [ { "id": "readiness-for-next-operation", "name": "Readiness for next operation", "description": "Record distinct criteria for touch-dry condition, handling, recoating and service readiness.", "questions": [ { "text": "What application and curing limits apply to temperature, humidity and substrate condensation risk?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "readiness-for-next-operation-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence permits handling, recoating or service exposure, and what action is required if the recoat window has passed?", "kind": "action", "id": "readiness-for-next-operation-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "appearance-performance-and-defects", "name": "Appearance, performance and defects", "description": "Defines the expected painted result and evidence used to assess deviations.", "rationale": "Colour agreement, hiding and protective performance are different outcomes and require separate assessment.", "layers": [ { "id": "visual-result", "name": "Visual result", "description": "Records colour, gloss, texture and hiding under specified assessment conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "finish-and-hiding-acceptance", "name": "Finish and hiding acceptance", "description": "Identify the visual reference and acceptance conditions for the applied paint.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which colour, sheen and texture reference defines the intended finish, including any batch or tint identification?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "finish-and-hiding-acceptance-q01" }, { "text": "How are hiding and finish uniformity assessed, with what substrate contrast, film thickness, lighting and cure state?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "finish-and-hiding-acceptance-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "service-performance-and-diagnosis", "name": "Service performance and diagnosis", "description": "Connects documented resistance properties and observed defects to actual exposure.", "findings": [ { "id": "performance-evidence-and-film-failure", "name": "Performance evidence and film failure", "description": "Record supported exposure conditions and distinguish observed symptoms from unverified causes.", "questions": [ { "text": "What tests support claimed adhesion, abrasion, weathering, moisture, chemical or corrosion performance, and for which complete coating system?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "performance-evidence-and-film-failure-q01" }, { "text": "If blistering, peeling, cracking, chalking, sagging or persistent tack is observed, what further inspection is needed before selecting a repair?", "kind": "action", "id": "performance-evidence-and-film-failure-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "storage-handling-and-end-of-use", "name": "Storage, handling and end of use", "description": "Covers the condition of retained paint and requirements for managing paint during and after use.", "rationale": "Stored, mixed, aerosolised and cured paint present different usability and handling questions.", "layers": [ { "id": "stored-and-mixed-material-condition", "name": "Stored and mixed material condition", "description": "Assesses whether paint remains usable after storage, opening or mixing.", "findings": [ { "id": "remaining-usability", "name": "Remaining usability", "description": "Record age, storage exposure and condition without assuming that all separation is spoilage or that remixing restores fitness.", "questions": [ { "text": "What manufacture, opening and mixing dates and storage conditions are known relative to the documented shelf life or pot life?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "remaining-usability-q01" }, { "text": "What product-specific checks distinguish remixable settling from skinning, gelation, contamination or other loss of usability?", "kind": "action", "id": "remaining-usability-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "exposure-and-residual-material", "name": "Exposure and residual material", "description": "Identifies documented controls for application, cleanup, leftover material and coating removal.", "findings": [ { "id": "paint-specific-handling-controls", "name": "Paint-specific handling controls", "description": "Link handling decisions to the exact product, process and applicable location rather than inferring safety from carrier type.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which current safety documentation applies to the paint and each separately supplied component, including the intended application method?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "paint-specific-handling-controls-q01" }, { "text": "What documented requirements govern ventilation, protective equipment, ignition control, cleanup, leftover paint and removal debris for this use?", "kind": "action", "id": "paint-specific-handling-controls-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "This describes paint as a coating material, not the act of painting, a finished artwork or a software application.", "Thickness and coverage ranges are illustrative for architectural paints; product formulation, substrate and application method can produce substantially different values.", "Standards are recalled without checking editions or applicability; the listed paint kinds overlap because they classify materials by both binder chemistry and carrier." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of paint this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Waterborne acrylic and vinyl emulsion paints", "Oil and alkyd paints", "Epoxy paints", "Polyurethane paints", "Silicate mineral paints", "Limewash paints" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of paint this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Colour Index Generic Name", "value_or_pattern": "Pigment Titanium White is designated Pigment White 6 (PW6)", "note": "Identifies a pigment used in paint, not the complete paint formulation." }, { "scheme": "RAL Classic", "value_or_pattern": "RAL followed by four digits", "note": "Specifies a colour reference; it does not uniquely identify composition, gloss or performance." }, { "scheme": "Manufacturer product and batch codes", "value_or_pattern": "Manufacturer-specific product identifier and batch or lot number", "note": "Distinguishes a commercial formulation and its production batch; paint as a general material has no single CAS number." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of paint this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "ISO 4618, issued by the International Organization for Standardization, defines vocabulary for paints and varnishes.", "ISO 2813, issued by the International Organization for Standardization, specifies determination of gloss at 20°, 60° and 85°.", "ISO 2409, issued by the International Organization for Standardization, specifies the cross-cut test for paints and varnishes.", "ISO 2808, issued by the International Organization for Standardization, covers determination of film thickness.", "ASTM D3359, issued by ASTM International, covers rating adhesion by tape test." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of paint this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Decorating and protecting building interiors and exteriors", "Protecting steel structures and equipment against corrosion", "Finishing vehicles, machinery and manufactured products", "Producing artworks and scenic finishes", "Marking roads, floors and equipment" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of paint this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Dry film thickness per coat for many architectural paints", "typical_range": "25-75", "unit": "µm" }, { "quantity": "Coverage per coat for many architectural wall paints on suitably prepared surfaces", "typical_range": "8-12", "unit": "m²/L" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of paint this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Peeling or delamination caused by poor preparation, contamination, moisture or incompatibility between coating layers", "Blistering associated with trapped moisture, solvent or other gases", "Cracking, flaking and chalking as films age or undergo environmental stress", "Corrosion beneath protective paint where coating defects or inadequate preparation expose the substrate", "Formulation-dependent hazards from flammable solvents, inhaled spray mist, sensitising curing agents or toxic pigments" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of paint this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "The term latex paint commonly denotes waterborne polymer-emulsion paint in North America; emulsion paint is common terminology in Britain.", "Available formulations reflect local climate, customary substrates and application practices.", "Colour reference systems and accepted colour names differ between markets." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of paint this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "coating", "difference": "Coating is the broader category and includes transparent, metallic and other surface layers that are not paint." }, { "name": "varnish", "difference": "Varnish generally forms a transparent film that leaves the underlying surface visible; paint provides an opaque pigmented film." }, { "name": "stain", "difference": "Stain generally colours a substrate while retaining visible grain or texture, although opaque stains overlap with paint." }, { "name": "pigment", "difference": "A pigment is a particulate colouring or functional ingredient; paint combines pigments with a film-forming medium and potentially other ingredients." }, { "name": "ink", "difference": "Ink is formulated primarily for writing or printing marks and images; paint is formulated primarily for coating surfaces, with overlap in artistic uses." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of paint this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does the registry intend paint to include powder coatings, artists' paints and specialty functional coatings under this single entry?", "Where should the registry draw the boundary between paint and pigmented stains, primers, enamels, inks and clear coatings?", "Which authoritative terminology and test-method sources should define comparable measurements across architectural, industrial and artists' paints?", "How should manufacturer-declared performance be distinguished from independently tested performance, especially when results apply to a complete coating system?", "How should an agent represent unidentified existing paint films when formulation, application history and compatibility evidence are unavailable?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 19, "questions": 29 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "device, machine or tool", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a paint, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to recognise paint, assess its condition and suitability for a surface, and determine appropriate preparation, application, curing and maintenance actions.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "manufactured", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: vehicle paint, luminous paint, blacklight paint, insulative paint, lead paint, acrylic paint, vinyl paint, Magna, hammer paint, artist's color, Artists' paints, aerosol paint.", "48 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 85 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a paint, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by form, by the arrangement of its controls, and by markings - a plate, a model number, a certification mark. Form alone rarely separates two models that do very different things." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "vehicle paint", "luminous paint", "blacklight paint", "insulative paint", "lead paint", "acrylic paint", "vinyl paint", "Magna", "hammer paint", "artist's color", "Artists' paints", "aerosol paint" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 85 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 48 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one paint from another, and a paint from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a paint, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a paint, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a paint is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a paint, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a paint, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a paint is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a paint sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a paint, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a paint, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a paint is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a paint from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a paint, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a paint, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a paint is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a paint is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a paint, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a paint, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a paint is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a paint is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a paint, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a paint, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a paint is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a paint is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a paint, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a paint, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a paint is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a paint is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a paint is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a paint, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a paint, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a paint is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a paint is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a paint, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a paint, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a paint is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a paint passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a paint between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a paint, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a paint, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a paint is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a paint, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a paint is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a paint, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a paint, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a paint is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "function-and-principle", "name": "Function and operating principle", "description": "What paint is for and how it achieves it.", "rationale": "Two devices with the same name can work on different principles, and the principle is what predicts failure and constrains use.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-function", "name": "Intended function", "description": "The job it does, and the jobs it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-record", "name": "Function, principle and variants", "description": "What it does, how, and which variants do it differently.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-record-q01", "text": "What function does paint perform, on what operating principle, and which variants differ in that principle?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "function-record-q02", "text": "What use falls outside the intended function but happens in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "capacity-and-rating", "name": "Capacity and rating", "description": "The numbers that say what it can do and where it stops.", "findings": [ { "id": "ratings", "name": "Ratings and their conditions", "description": "Rated capacity, power, throughput and the conditions each assumes.", "questions": [ { "id": "ratings-q01", "text": "What ratings characterise paint, in what units, and under what stated conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "ratings-q02", "text": "What happens beyond the rating - degradation, refusal, damage - and how is that detected?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "operation-and-state", "name": "Operation, controls and state", "description": "How paint is operated and what state it is in right now.", "rationale": "An agent acting on a device needs its current state and the controls that change it, not just its specification.", "layers": [ { "id": "controls-and-modes", "name": "Controls and modes", "description": "What can be set, what that changes, and what is interlocked.", "findings": [ { "id": "control-surface", "name": "Control surface and interlocks", "description": "The settings available and the conditions that block them.", "questions": [ { "id": "control-surface-q01", "text": "What controls and modes does paint have, and what does each change?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "control-surface-q02", "text": "Which actions are interlocked or forbidden in which state, and what must be true before acting?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-maintenance", "name": "Condition and maintenance", "description": "Wear, service intervals, consumables and the line between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "service-record", "name": "Condition, service and consumables", "description": "What is consumed, what is serviced, and how condition is judged.", "questions": [ { "id": "service-record-q01", "text": "What consumables and service does paint need, at what interval, and on whose authority?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "service-record-q02", "text": "What evidence separates a unit that is working from one that is out of service?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "kind-model-unit", "name": "Kind, model and unit", "description": "Whether a claim about paint is about the kind, a product line, or one physical unit.", "rationale": "This is the boundary most often got wrong for made things, and getting it wrong mixes a catalogue entry with the machine in the yard.", "layers": [ { "id": "level-of-reference", "name": "Level of reference", "description": "The three levels and what belongs at each.", "findings": [ { "id": "level-rules", "name": "What belongs to kind, model and unit", "description": "Which properties are shared by all of them and which are not.", "questions": [ { "id": "level-rules-q01", "text": "Which facts about paint hold for every one of them, which for a model, and which only for one unit?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "level-rules-q02", "text": "What identifies an individual unit, and what should an agent do when it has only the kind?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "standards-and-conformity", "name": "Standards and conformity", "description": "The standards a working example must meet and who attests it.", "findings": [ { "id": "conformity", "name": "Standards, marks and attestation", "description": "Which standard applies, who certifies, and what the mark means.", "questions": [ { "id": "conformity-q01", "text": "Which standards govern paint, issued by whom, and what does conformity actually assert?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "conformity-q02", "text": "What may an agent conclude from a certification mark, and what may it not?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a paint came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a paint and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a paint, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a paint, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a paint is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a paint is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a paint, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a paint, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a paint is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }