{ "model": { "rank": 9371, "code": "thing-q17451", "model_id": "vr.tr.typeface", "name": "typeface", "purpose": "Let an agent help choose, license, pair and use typefaces for legibility and accessibility, and explain type history and terminology.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Activities and processes", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "ACT", "domain": "ACT.ACT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q17451/", "tier": 2, "score": 48, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "Source Han Sans", "Source Han Serif", "Bitstream Vera", "JuliaMono", "Amstelvar", "Aileron", "Nacelle", "Monaspace", "Monaspace Krypton", "Monaspace Neon", "Monaspace Radon", "Monaspace Xenon", "Monaspace Argon", "Karrik", "Uncut Sans", "Sligoil", "Pilowlava", "Reddit Sans", "Absans", "Typefesse", "Uncut Plan8", "Boris", "Galgo Condensed", "Pouler", "Ouroboros", "Le Murmure", "Jelee", "Compagnon", "OpenDyslexic", "Linux Biolinum", "Breeze Sans", "Ubuntu Titling", "IBM Plex", "Linux Libertine G", "Fantasque Sans Mono", "Droid", "M+ Fonts", "Nimbus Mono L", "Tiresias", "Bitstream Vera Sans" ], "aliasCount": 348, "merged": 351, "knownIn": 48, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q17451", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17451", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T14:17:01Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 1, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q17451", "registryId": "vr.tr.typeface", "name": "typeface", "version": "0.2.0-wave.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "ACT.ACT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q17451/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.typeface", "name": "typeface", "purpose": "Let an agent help choose, license, pair and use typefaces for legibility and accessibility, and explain type history and terminology.", "definition": "A designed set of letterforms sharing a consistent style, such as a serif, sans-serif, monospaced or CJK typeface, usually released as a family of fonts in weights and styles; typefaces are distributed under licences, including open licences such as the SIL Open Font License.", "what_it_is_for": "Setting text for print and screens.", "affordances": [ "choose typefaces for a purpose", "check font licences", "improve legibility and accessibility", "identify a typeface" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Consistent design", "Organised in families", "Licensed", "Affects readability" ], "appearance": "Letterforms with consistent stroke, proportion and detail across characters.", "visual_identification": [ "Serifs, stroke contrast and x-height", "Families with weights and italics", "A font is a specific file or instance of a typeface" ], "physical_properties": [], "families_and_kinds": [ "serif typefaces", "sans-serif typefaces", "monospaced typefaces", "display and script typefaces", "CJK and multi-script typefaces" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "intellectual work", "why": "category" }, { "relation": "is distributed as", "target": "font", "why": "file" }, { "relation": "is related to", "target": "style", "why": "design quality" }, { "relation": "is licensed under", "target": "font licence", "why": "terms" } ], "identifiers": [], "standards_and_regulation": [ "Font licences such as the SIL Open Font License", "OpenType specification", "Accessibility guidance on legibility" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Using fonts beyond licence terms", "Poor legibility for readers with low vision", "Missing glyphs for languages" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "choose", "name": "Choose", "description": "Selecting type.", "rationale": "Purpose drives choice.", "layers": [ { "id": "purpose", "name": "Purpose", "description": "Fit for use.", "findings": [ { "id": "purpose-finding", "name": "Purpose", "description": "Choosing a typeface.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which typeface suits this medium, audience and language coverage?", "kind": "action" }, { "text": "How can two typefaces be paired?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "identify", "name": "Identify", "description": "Identifying type.", "findings": [ { "id": "identify-finding", "name": "Identify", "description": "Identification.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which typeface is used in this sample, according to identification tools or references?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Who designed it?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "licence", "name": "Licence", "description": "Rights.", "rationale": "Licences set limits.", "layers": [ { "id": "terms", "name": "Terms", "description": "Licence terms.", "findings": [ { "id": "terms-finding", "name": "Terms", "description": "Licence terms.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the licence allow this use, such as web embedding or apps?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is modification allowed?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "open", "name": "Open", "description": "Open fonts.", "findings": [ { "id": "open-finding", "name": "Open", "description": "Open fonts.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which open-licensed typefaces fit this need?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "What attribution is required?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "access", "name": "Access", "description": "Legibility.", "rationale": "Readers vary.", "layers": [ { "id": "legibility", "name": "Legibility", "description": "Readable text.", "findings": [ { "id": "legibility-finding", "name": "Legibility", "description": "Legibility.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which size, spacing and contrast improve legibility here?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "How does this help readers with low vision or dyslexia?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "languages", "name": "Languages", "description": "Script coverage.", "findings": [ { "id": "languages-finding", "name": "Languages", "description": "Script coverage.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the typeface cover the scripts and diacritics needed?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "text": "Which fallback fonts are suitable?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "history", "name": "History", "description": "Type history.", "rationale": "History informs design.", "layers": [ { "id": "origins", "name": "Origins", "description": "Classification.", "findings": [ { "id": "origins-finding", "name": "Origins", "description": "Classification.", "questions": [ { "text": "How are typefaces classified historically, such as humanist or geometric?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which classification system is used?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "design", "name": "Design", "description": "Making typefaces.", "findings": [ { "id": "design-finding", "name": "Design", "description": "Type design.", "questions": [ { "text": "What does designing a typeface involve?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which tools and courses exist?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should each typeface be a separate entry?", "How should foundries be linked?", "How should licences be recorded?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a typeface, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent help choose, license, pair and use typefaces for legibility and accessibility, and explain type history and terminology.", "characteristics": { "substance": "activity", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: Source Han Sans, Source Han Serif, Bitstream Vera, JuliaMono, Amstelvar, Aileron, Nacelle, Monaspace, Monaspace Krypton, Monaspace Neon, Monaspace Radon, Monaspace Xenon.", "351 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 48 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a typeface, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "something that happens over time", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "Source Han Sans", "Source Han Serif", "Bitstream Vera", "JuliaMono", "Amstelvar", "Aileron", "Nacelle", "Monaspace", "Monaspace Krypton", "Monaspace Neon", "Monaspace Radon", "Monaspace Xenon" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 48 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 351 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one typeface from another, and a typeface from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a typeface, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a typeface, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a typeface is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a typeface, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a typeface, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a typeface is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a typeface sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a typeface, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a typeface, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a typeface is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a typeface from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a typeface, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a typeface, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a typeface is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a typeface passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a typeface between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a typeface, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a typeface, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a typeface is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a typeface, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a typeface is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a typeface, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a typeface, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a typeface is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "process-and-outcome", "name": "Process, inputs and outcome", "description": "How a typeface proceeds, what it needs and what it leaves behind.", "rationale": "An activity is known by its steps and its results, and both have to be recordable while it is still running.", "layers": [ { "id": "steps-and-sequence", "name": "Steps and sequence", "description": "The steps of a typeface, their order and what may run in parallel.", "findings": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions", "name": "Steps, preconditions and completion", "description": "What has to be true before each step of a typeface and what marks it done.", "questions": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a step of a typeface, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a step of a typeface, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a step of a typeface is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-results", "name": "Inputs, resources and results", "description": "What a typeface consumes and what it produces.", "findings": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs", "name": "Inputs, outputs and side effects", "description": "The resources a typeface takes and the results it leaves, wanted or not.", "questions": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the inputs and results of a typeface, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the inputs and results of a typeface, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the inputs and results of a typeface is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What typeface is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of typeface are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is typeface operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of typeface and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of typeface?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as typeface?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a typeface came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a typeface and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a typeface, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a typeface, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a typeface is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a typeface is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a typeface, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a typeface, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a typeface is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }