codeine
Enable an AI agent to recognise codeine, assess the identity and condition of a specific material, and determine which handling, quality and authorisation checks govern its intended use.
Research draft, second pass
A second pass drafted this model: the structure a model of this thing needs, and what is known about it in the world. The line under this one says how the second half was obtained - researched against sources, or recalled without web access, in which case nothing here was read anywhere and every claim is a lead to verify. Unreviewed either way.
recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read
Researched by: Codex
Purpose and description
Enable an AI agent to recognise codeine, assess the identity and condition of a specific material, and determine which handling, quality and authorisation checks govern its intended use.
Codeine is a naturally occurring morphinan alkaloid with molecular formula C18H21NO3, structurally the 3-O-methyl ether of morphine, used as an opioid analgesic and antitussive.
It can be Resolve a named material to codeine and its exact chemical form using structure-linked records and analytical evidence.; Compare material documentation against the quality standard required for an intended use.; Normalise reported codeine quantities only after confirming salt stoichiometry, hydration and assay basis.; Flag unresolved identity, impurity, stability or documentation issues for quarantine and qualified review.; Retrieve applicable hazard, storage and controlled-substance requirements for a specified form, jurisdiction and activity..
Distinguishing features
Confirm the codeine structure and stereochemistry: codeine is the 3-O-methyl derivative of morphine, so a generic opioid designation cannot establish its identity.
Distinguish codeine from dihydrocodeine through the molecular structure and a discriminating analytical method; their names and therapeutic associations are insufficient.
Distinguish codeine free base from a codeine salt or hydrate by identifying the counterion and water content before comparing molecular mass, assay or physical constants.
Distinguish codeine material from a codeine-containing medicine by recording other active ingredients, excipients and the identity of the finished product separately.
Scope
+ Codeine molecular identity, stereochemistry and identifiers tied to an exact chemical form
+ Free-base, salt and hydration forms, with explicit relationships and mass-basis distinctions
+ Sample composition, purity, impurities, physical state and stability
+ Codeine-specific metabolism, exposure hazards and evidence needed to assess intended use
+ Provenance, analytical documentation and applicable substance controls
- Finished medicinal products, their formulation, packaging and product-specific authorisations
- Patient diagnosis, prescribing, dose selection and treatment monitoring
- Morphine, dihydrocodeine and other opioids as independently modelled substances
- Opium cultivation, extraction and chemical manufacturing processes
- Licensing organisations, clinical services and distribution businesses as entities
Characteristics
- Molecular identity and stereochemistry
- Verified structure, stereochemical specification and structure-linked identifiers Separates codeine from related opioids and prevents name-only identification.
- Chemical form
- Free base or identified salt; counterion, stoichiometry and hydration state Determines which molecular mass, assay basis and physical-property evidence apply.
- Codeine content
- % mass fraction or mg/g, with as-is, dried, anhydrous or free-base-equivalent basis stated Prevents comparison of quantities that express different chemical forms or moisture bases.
- Related substances and residual contaminants
- Identified analytes in %, mg/kg or method-specific units, with detection and quantification limits Supports assessment of impurity burden and fitness for a documented material grade.
- Water content
- % mass fraction, method and distinction between hydration water and other moisture Affects material identity, assay interpretation and mass conversion.
- Physical state and thermal behaviour
- Observed phase; melting or decomposition interval in °C, with form, method and conditions Helps detect mismatched references or altered material without treating one constant as decisive proof.
- Solubility under specified conditions
- g/L or mol/L, with solvent, temperature, pH and chemical form Supports interpretation of dissolution and handling behaviour for the actual form present.
- Material grade and release state
- Declared grade and standard; unverified, quarantined, released, rejected or expired Chemical identity alone does not establish suitability for pharmaceutical or analytical use.
- Metabolic transformation
- Evidence-linked relationship to morphine formation through CYP2D6 and other documented metabolic pathways Makes variable biological effects and metabolite-mediated hazards visible without assigning a patient-specific response.
- Applicable controls
- Jurisdiction, authority, legal instrument, chemical or preparation scope, activity and effective date Prevents an agent from transferring a legal conclusion between forms, preparations, places or activities.
Where this came from
wikidata · CC0 1.0
Drafted structure
Bundle to layer to finding to question, as the second pass will find it: 6 bundles · 11 layers · 19 findings · 29 questions.
Codeine identity and forms Establishes what qualifies as codeine and which chemical form a record describes.
Codeine, related opioids and codeine salts must not become interchangeable through a shared name.
Molecular recognition
Connects the codeine name to a defined molecular structure.
Structure and stereochemistry
Require identity evidence that distinguishes codeine from morphine, dihydrocodeine and stereochemically different compounds.
- Which structure and stereochemical specification define codeine for this registry entry? definition
- Which authoritative identifier records and analytical evidence establish that the material matches this identity? provenance
Salt and hydrate boundaries
Separates the codeine molecular entity from its material forms and containing products.
Form-specific identity
Treat counterion, stoichiometry and hydration as explicit identity qualifiers rather than silent synonyms.
- Does the material contain codeine free base, an identified salt or a hydrated form, and what evidence establishes that form? definition
- Which CAS, PubChem and EC records apply to that exact form, and which instead describe a related form or containing product? boundary
Codeine composition and quality Records how much codeine is present and whether a material meets an identified quality requirement.
A codeine label does not establish assay basis, impurity profile or suitability for medicinal use.
Assay and mass basis
Makes reported quantities comparable across forms and moisture conventions.
Interpretable codeine content
Require an assay method and an explicit basis before interpreting content or calculating equivalents.
- What codeine content was measured, by which method, and on what moisture and chemical-form basis? measurement
- Are form identity, stoichiometry and water content sufficiently established to calculate free-base-equivalent content? action
Impurities and grade
Links measured contaminants and related substances to the intended material grade.
Quality evidence and release
Assess a particular lot against a named, versioned standard supported by traceable results.
- Which related opioids, degradation products, residual solvents and other contaminants must the applicable standard distinguish or limit? definition
- Do the lot-specific analytical results and certificate provenance justify release for the stated use? action
Codeine physical state and stability Connects observed material behaviour to chemical form, conditions and storage history.
Physical constants and stability claims cannot safely be transferred between codeine free base, salts and hydrates.
Form-dependent properties
Qualifies reference properties by the form and measurement conditions.
Qualified physical constants
Use physical measurements as supporting evidence with their experimental limits preserved.
- What phase, melting or decomposition behaviour and solubility are documented for the exact form under stated conditions? measurement
- Is a reported boiling point experimentally supported, pressure-qualified and relevant, or does thermal decomposition make it unsuitable for this record? boundary
Storage and condition
Tracks whether storage or handling has changed the material or weakened its quality evidence.
Stability-supported disposition
Base continued use, retesting or quarantine on applicable stability evidence and actual exposure history.
- Which temperature, light, moisture and container conditions are supported for this codeine form and grade? provenance
- Do excursions, changed water content, appearance or analytical results require retesting or quarantine? action
Codeine biological effects and hazards Represents metabolism-dependent opioid hazards and evidence relevant to material exposure.
Codeine hazard assessment needs both the parent substance and its biological conversion, while preserving the boundary with clinical decisions.
Metabolism-dependent effects
Relates codeine exposure to metabolic pathways and variability in effects.
Morphine formation and variability
Record evidence about CYP2D6-mediated morphine formation and factors that alter its significance.
- Which sources establish the contribution of codeine and its metabolites to opioid effects and respiratory-depression risk? provenance
- Which questions about metabolic phenotype, interacting medicines and individual susceptibility must be referred to a patient or treatment model? boundary
Material exposure hazards
Supports workplace handling decisions using evidence applicable to the supplied material.
Classification and exposure controls
Keep supplier classifications, authoritative classifications and exposure-limit evidence distinguishable.
- Which current GHS classifications and supporting safety data apply to this codeine form and composition? provenance
- Are authoritative occupational exposure limits available, and which documented controls apply to the intended handling operation? action
Codeine provenance and authorised use Connects material traceability with the controls governing a specified activity.
Codeine-related permissions depend on jurisdiction and the distinction between substance, preparation and activity.
Lot provenance and custody
Establishes which physical material the documentation describes and how it was obtained.
Traceable codeine material
Link source, lot, analytical records and custody events without exposing manufacturing instructions.
- Which supplier, lot identifiers and custody records connect the material to its identity and quality documentation? provenance
- Are documentation discrepancies or missing custody events significant enough to prevent acceptance or transfer? action
Jurisdiction and preparation controls
Determines the legal scope of a proposed operation using current authoritative records.
Activity-specific authorisation
Require a dated legal determination tied to form, preparation, location and activity.
- Which current legal provisions cover this codeine material, and do any preparation-specific provisions change their application? boundary
- What authorisations and records are required for the proposed possession, storage, transfer, import, export or disposal? action
Evidence and external alignment What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.
A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.
Reported evidence
Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.
Check these first
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- This is recalled information without source consultation; current legal classifications and prescribing restrictions require jurisdiction-specific verification.
- Confirm salt identity, hydration state, purity and whether quantities are expressed as salt mass or codeine-base equivalent before comparing measurements.
- GHS classifications, exposure limits and phase-transition data are omitted because they cannot be recalled confidently for the specified substance form.
- Which of these check these first hold for the sense of codeine this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Kinds and varieties
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Codeine free base
- Codeine phosphate
- Codeine sulfate
- Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of codeine this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Identifiers and schemes
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- CAS Registry Number - 76-57-3 - Identifies codeine free base; salts and hydrates have distinct registry identities.
- PubChem CID - 5284371 - Identifier for codeine.
- WHO ATC classification - R05DA04 - Codeine classified as an opium alkaloid antitussive; combination medicines have other codes.
- Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of codeine this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Standards and regulation
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- United Nations Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 1961: codeine is listed in Schedule II; certain preparations fall under Schedule III provisions.
- United States Controlled Substances Act, administered by the DEA: scheduling depends on whether codeine is present alone or in a qualifying preparation.
- European Pharmacopoeia, issued by the Council of Europe through EDQM: applicable monographs specify pharmaceutical substance identity and quality.
- United States Pharmacopeia-National Formulary, issued by USP: applicable monographs specify pharmaceutical substance and preparation quality.
- Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of codeine this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Real-world use
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Relief of pain in authorized medicines, often combined with a non-opioid analgesic.
- Suppression of cough in authorized medicines.
- Reference material for pharmaceutical quality control and analytical toxicology.
- Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of codeine this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Typical measurements
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Molar mass of codeine free base - 299.36 - g/mol
- Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of codeine this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Failure modes and hazards
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Respiratory depression and potentially fatal overdose, with increased risk when combined with alcohol, benzodiazepines or other central nervous system depressants.
- Dependence, misuse and withdrawal following sustained exposure.
- CYP2D6 variation alters conversion to morphine: poor metabolizers may obtain inadequate analgesia, while ultrarapid metabolizers can develop unexpectedly severe toxicity.
- Sedation, impaired coordination, constipation, nausea and vomiting.
- Confusing salt mass with codeine-base equivalent, or overlooking other active ingredients in combination products, can cause dosing errors and additional toxicity.
- Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of codeine this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Regional variation
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Prescription requirements and controlled-drug classifications vary by country, concentration and formulation.
- Restrictions on pediatric use, breastfeeding and cough-treatment indications differ among regulatory authorities.
- Available salts, strengths and combination ingredients vary among national markets.
- Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of codeine this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Morphine - Morphine has a hydroxyl group at position 3 where codeine has a methoxy group; it is also an active metabolite of codeine.
- Dihydrocodeine - Dihydrocodeine has a saturated 7,8 bond where codeine has a double bond.
- Codeine phosphate - A salt form of codeine with phosphate counterions; its formula mass and pharmaceutical specifications depend on hydration state.
- Codeine-containing medicine - A formulated product contains a specified codeine form and dose plus excipients and sometimes other active ingredients; it is not the isolated substance.
- Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of codeine this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
What the second pass must settle
- Does an existing Vercy world model already own codeine, and how should this registry entry link to it without duplicating the substance model?
- Which codeine salts and hydrates have separate registry identities, and which should be represented as qualified forms within this entry?
- Which authoritative sources and current pharmacopoeial standards establish identifiers, assay requirements and impurity limits for each relevant form?
- Which form-specific physical constants, stability data, GHS classifications and occupational exposure limits are sufficiently supported, and where must evidence remain explicitly unavailable?
- Which jurisdictions and intended activities must the first researched model cover, including any distinctions between bulk codeine and regulated preparations?