{ "model": { "rank": 6508, "code": "thing-q175751", "model_id": "vr.tr.quantum-tunneling", "name": "quantum tunneling", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a proposed quantum-tunneling process, assess its evidential and operational state, and identify justified calculations, measurements or interventions.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Activities and processes", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "ACT", "domain": "ACT.ACT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q175751/", "tier": 2, "score": 60, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "proton tunneling", "Hartman effect" ], "aliasCount": 2, "merged": 2, "knownIn": 60, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q175751", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175751", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T14:58:28Z", "providers": [ "Codex", "Grok" ], "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "usd": 0.00238, "turns": 1, "seconds": 23.8, "error": null }, "codex": { "seconds": 86.3, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07c5f-6723-7083-bdd4-5ee6eb7727fd\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: quantum tunneling\nRegistry id: vr.tr.quantum-tunneling\nPlane / domain: ACT / ACT.ACT\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entr" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q175751", "registryId": "vr.tr.quantum-tunneling", "name": "quantum tunneling", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "ACT.ACT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q175751/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.quantum-tunneling", "name": "quantum tunneling", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a proposed quantum-tunneling process, assess its evidential and operational state, and identify justified calculations, measurements or interventions.", "definition": "Quantum tunneling is the transmission of a quantum particle or quasiparticle through a classically forbidden potential barrier, with a nonzero probability set by the barrier height, width, and the particle's energy and mass.", "scope_statement": "This model owns quantum tunneling as a process in which a specified quantum system crosses a barrier that blocks the corresponding classical motion, including the barrier description, transmission mechanism, observable evidence, competing explanations and conditions for intervention.", "in_scope": [ "The tunneling entity, initial and final states, and physical or configuration-space barrier.", "The classical reference model that makes the transition forbidden and the quantum model that permits it.", "Transmission probabilities, tunneling rates or currents, with their conditions and uncertainties.", "Evidence distinguishing tunneling from thermal activation, above-barrier transmission and other competing processes.", "Dependence on barrier geometry, bias, temperature, coherence and environmental coupling.", "Process-specific predictions and interventions within a stated model-validity range." ], "out_of_scope": [ "Complete models of devices that exploit tunneling, including their manufacturing and maintenance.", "General quantum-state preparation, measurement and control beyond their role in this process.", "Complete material, molecular or nuclear descriptions independent of the tunneling pathway.", "Thermal activation and classical transport mechanisms except as competing explanations.", "Quantum entanglement and quantum teleportation as separate phenomena." ], "distinguishing_features": [ "A specified classical reference model blocks passage along the proposed pathway; a quantum transition alone does not establish tunneling.", "The proposed quantum description connects initial and final regions through a classically forbidden barrier, rather than solely through an energetically allowed route.", "Attribution considers the incident energy distribution and thermal population, rather than inferring tunneling merely from transmission below a nominal barrier height.", "Measured or predicted dependence on barrier width, barrier shape, bias or isotope substitution is assessed against explicit alternatives; no single dependence is treated as universally decisive.", "State transfer is tied to a barrier-crossing process; entanglement correlations or a teleportation protocol alone do not meet that test." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Tunneling entity", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Electron, proton, atom, composite particle, collective degree of freedom or explicitly specified alternative.", "why_it_matters": "Determines the relevant dynamics, interactions and appropriate effective description." }, { "name": "Initial and final states", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "References to prepared, occupied or accessible states, including energy distributions and boundary conditions.", "why_it_matters": "Defines what crosses the barrier and what counts as a completed transition." }, { "name": "Barrier profile", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Potential-energy function or landscape linked to coordinates, conditions and its derivation.", "why_it_matters": "Makes the forbidden region explicit and supports calculation of the proposed pathway." }, { "name": "Barrier height relative to incident energy", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "J or eV, with reference energy, uncertainty and energy-distribution coverage.", "why_it_matters": "Helps distinguish below-barrier contributions from energetically allowed transmission." }, { "name": "Forbidden-region extent", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "m for a spatial coordinate; otherwise explicitly defined coordinate units and turning boundaries.", "why_it_matters": "Constrains transmission estimates and identifies ambiguity in multidimensional pathways." }, { "name": "Tunneling observable", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Transmission probability in [0, 1], transition rate in s^-1, current in A or another explicitly defined observable.", "why_it_matters": "Separates distinct measurable quantities and prevents unsupported conversion between probability, rate and current." }, { "name": "Operating conditions", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Temperature in K, bias in V, applied fields in stated units and relevant drive frequencies in Hz.", "why_it_matters": "Conditions can change both the barrier and competing transport or transition mechanisms." }, { "name": "Dynamical regime", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Coherent, incoherent, mixed or unresolved; elastic, inelastic or unresolved, with operational criteria.", "why_it_matters": "Determines which descriptions and observable signatures are appropriate." }, { "name": "Mechanism attribution", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Proposed, supported, unresolved mixture, disfavoured or outside model validity.", "why_it_matters": "Controls whether an agent may report tunneling as an interpretation or use it as a basis for prediction." }, { "name": "Evidence basis", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Links to inspected measurements, calculations and sources with conditions, uncertainties and supported claims.", "why_it_matters": "Makes the mechanism assessment traceable without treating a model fit as direct observation." } ], "affordances": [ "Assess whether a reported transition meets an explicit tunneling criterion.", "Estimate transmission, rate or current using a model whose assumptions match the recorded regime.", "Compare tunneling with thermal activation, above-barrier passage and alternative pathways.", "Propose discriminating measurements that vary barrier width, bias, temperature or another mechanism-sensitive parameter.", "Predict the effect of a specified barrier or state-preparation change within validated conditions.", "Revise mechanism attribution or withhold a prediction when evidence or model validity is insufficient." ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "src-wiki-qt", "title": "Quantum tunnelling", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_tunnelling", "what_it_supports": "Definition, historical kinds (alpha decay, field emission, STM), distinction from thermal activation.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "src-nist-tunnel", "title": "Scanning Tunneling Microscopy", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "STM as a real-world use of vacuum-gap electron tunneling.", "url_status": "dead" } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "system-and-forbidden-pathway", "name": "System and forbidden pathway", "description": "Identify the quantum system, transition endpoints and barrier that make this a tunneling candidate.", "rationale": "Without an explicit system and classical obstruction, an agent cannot distinguish tunneling from an unspecified quantum transition.", "layers": [ { "id": "transition-identity", "name": "Transition identity", "description": "Define the entity and states participating in the proposed process.", "findings": [ { "id": "entity-and-transition-endpoints", "name": "Entity and transition endpoints", "description": "Record the tunneling entity, relevant degree of freedom and operational definitions of the initial and final states.", "questions": [ { "text": "What particle or collective degree of freedom tunnels, and how are its initial and final states defined?", "kind": "definition", "id": "entity-and-transition-endpoints-q01" }, { "text": "What observation distinguishes arrival in the final state from temporary occupation or return to the initial region?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "entity-and-transition-endpoints-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "classical-obstruction", "name": "Classical obstruction", "description": "Locate the barrier relative to the accessible classical motion.", "findings": [ { "id": "barrier-and-classical-reference", "name": "Barrier and classical reference", "description": "Record the barrier landscape, reaction or transport coordinate, energy reference and classical assumptions that exclude passage.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which region is classically forbidden for the recorded energy distribution, conserved quantities and pathway?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "barrier-and-classical-reference-q01" }, { "text": "Which inspected measurement, calculation or source establishes the barrier profile and its uncertainty?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "barrier-and-classical-reference-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "quantum-description-and-regime", "name": "Quantum description and regime", "description": "Specify how the proposed tunneling process is represented and where that representation applies.", "rationale": "Different tunneling settings require different dynamics; a transmission calculation is meaningful only with its assumptions and boundary conditions.", "layers": [ { "id": "dynamical-representation", "name": "Dynamical representation", "description": "Capture the quantum model and its connection to the barrier-crossing claim.", "findings": [ { "id": "governing-model-and-approximation", "name": "Governing model and approximation", "description": "Record the Hamiltonian or effective dynamics, boundary conditions and approximation used to obtain a tunneling prediction.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which quantum model connects the specified initial and final states through the forbidden region?", "kind": "definition", "id": "governing-model-and-approximation-q01" }, { "text": "Under what conditions does the selected approximation fail, including near turning points or resonances where applicable?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "governing-model-and-approximation-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "environment-and-energy-exchange", "name": "Environment and energy exchange", "description": "Describe environmental coupling, coherence and energy exchange relevant to the pathway.", "findings": [ { "id": "coupling-and-process-regime", "name": "Coupling and process regime", "description": "Record whether coherence, dissipation or exchanged energy changes the tunneling description or opens an allowed alternative route.", "questions": [ { "text": "What evidence supports the assigned coherent or incoherent and elastic or inelastic regime?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "coupling-and-process-regime-q01" }, { "text": "Does energy supplied by the environment or drive leave a forbidden segment, or enable passage entirely over the barrier?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "coupling-and-process-regime-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observables-and-quantification", "name": "Observables and quantification", "description": "Connect the tunneling description to measurable outcomes and parameter-dependent predictions.", "rationale": "An agent must distinguish transmission probability, transition rate and current, and know what assumptions connect them.", "layers": [ { "id": "observable-definition", "name": "Observable definition", "description": "Define what is measured or calculated and its normalization.", "findings": [ { "id": "probability-rate-or-current", "name": "Probability, rate or current", "description": "Record the observable, units, sampling interval and any population or incident-flux assumptions needed to interpret it.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the reported quantity a transmission probability, transition rate, current or another observable, and how is it normalized?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "probability-rate-or-current-q01" }, { "text": "What assumptions about incident flux, state occupation, repeated attempts or reverse transitions connect the calculation to the measurement?", "kind": "definition", "id": "probability-rate-or-current-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "parameter-dependence", "name": "Parameter dependence", "description": "Capture sensitivity to the barrier, system parameters and operating conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "response-and-prediction-uncertainty", "name": "Response and prediction uncertainty", "description": "Record measured or predicted responses to parameter changes, including uncertainty and the range over which the response is supported.", "questions": [ { "text": "How does the observable change with barrier width, barrier height, effective mass, bias or temperature in the applicable model?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "response-and-prediction-uncertainty-q01" }, { "text": "Which parameter uncertainties dominate the prediction, and over what range has its dependence been checked?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "response-and-prediction-uncertainty-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-mechanism-attribution", "name": "Evidence and mechanism attribution", "description": "Assess whether available observations support tunneling and how strongly they exclude alternatives.", "rationale": "A small current or rare transition does not by itself identify tunneling; the model must support a defensible mechanism judgement.", "layers": [ { "id": "traceable-evidence", "name": "Traceable evidence", "description": "Separate observations, inferred quantities and theoretical predictions.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-to-claim-link", "name": "Observation-to-claim link", "description": "Connect each mechanism claim to inspected evidence, its measurement conditions and the inference needed to support it.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which inspected sources or datasets support the tunneling claim, and what did each directly measure or calculate?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "observation-to-claim-link-q01" }, { "text": "Which steps from the measured signal to the tunneling attribution depend on fitted parameters or assumed barrier properties?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "observation-to-claim-link-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "competing-pathways", "name": "Competing pathways", "description": "Compare tunneling with plausible alternative explanations and mixed mechanisms.", "findings": [ { "id": "alternative-mechanism-discrimination", "name": "Alternative mechanism discrimination", "description": "Record tests of thermal activation, above-barrier transmission, defects, leakage or other relevant routes without assuming that only one mechanism contributes.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which alternative pathways can explain the observed signal under the same conditions, and what evidence constrains their contributions?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "alternative-mechanism-discrimination-q01" }, { "text": "Which feasible measurement would most clearly distinguish the tunneling interpretation from its strongest remaining alternative?", "kind": "action", "id": "alternative-mechanism-discrimination-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "intervention-and-decision-limits", "name": "Intervention and decision limits", "description": "Turn the process assessment into bounded predictions, experimental choices and reassessment conditions.", "rationale": "An agent needs to know which changes have justified predicted effects and when those predictions cease to apply.", "layers": [ { "id": "controllable-tunneling-conditions", "name": "Controllable tunneling conditions", "description": "Identify interventions that alter the barrier, state preparation or environmental coupling.", "findings": [ { "id": "intervention-and-expected-effect", "name": "Intervention and expected effect", "description": "Record available controls and predicted effects on the tunneling observable, including coupled changes that complicate interpretation.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which accessible control changes the barrier or participating states, and what observable response is predicted within the validated range?", "kind": "action", "id": "intervention-and-expected-effect-q01" }, { "text": "Would the proposed change also alter temperature, geometry, occupations or competing pathways enough to confound that prediction?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "intervention-and-expected-effect-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "reassessment-and-stopping-conditions", "name": "Reassessment and stopping conditions", "description": "Define when an agent should update the interpretation or stop using a prediction.", "findings": [ { "id": "prediction-use-and-revision", "name": "Prediction use and revision", "description": "Record the evidence threshold for the intended decision and observations that would invalidate the current tunneling model.", "questions": [ { "text": "What evidence and uncertainty are sufficient to use the tunneling prediction for the intended calculation or intervention?", "kind": "action", "id": "prediction-use-and-revision-q01" }, { "text": "Which observations or operating-condition changes require revising the barrier model, considering another mechanism or withholding further predictions?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "prediction-use-and-revision-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "alpha decay (Gamow tunneling)", "field emission / Fowler-Nordheim tunneling", "direct (elastic) barrier tunneling", "resonant tunneling", "Josephson (Cooper-pair) tunneling", "Zener / interband tunneling", "macroscopic quantum tunneling (e.g. Josephson phase, SQUID flux)", "scanning-tunneling-microscopy vacuum-gap tunneling" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of quantum tunneling this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Wikidata", "value_or_pattern": "Q148370", "note": "item Quantum tunnelling" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of quantum tunneling this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Alpha decay of heavy nuclei (Gamow model).", "Flash memory and EEPROM charge storage and leakage.", "Tunnel diodes and Esaki diodes in microwave oscillators.", "Josephson junctions in SQUIDs and superconducting qubits.", "Scanning tunneling microscopy of surfaces.", "Field-emission electron sources.", "Zener diodes and band-to-band tunneling FETs." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of quantum tunneling this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "transmission probability", "typical_range": "10^-40 to ~1 depending on barrier", "unit": "dimensionless" }, { "quantity": "barrier height", "typical_range": "0.1-10", "unit": "eV (electrons); MeV (nuclei)" }, { "quantity": "barrier width", "typical_range": "0.1-few nm (electrons); fm (nuclei)", "unit": "m" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of quantum tunneling this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Gate leakage and dielectric breakdown precursors in MOSFETs.", "Charge loss in floating-gate memory.", "Unwanted dark current in tunnel junctions." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of quantum tunneling this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Spelling: tunnelling (IUPAC/UK) vs tunneling (US)." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of quantum tunneling this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "name": "thermal activation over a barrier", "difference": "Classical Arrhenius hop requires energy ≥ barrier height; tunneling remains possible below the barrier and is weakly T-dependent or T-independent at low T." }, { "name": "quantum reflection", "difference": "Reflection from an attractive or steep potential without a classically forbidden region of the same kind." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of quantum tunneling this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Which operational criterion should delimit tunneling for driven, dissipative or multidimensional processes where the classical reference pathway is not unique?", "How should the model represent thermally assisted tunneling and mixed transport when the tunneling contribution cannot be separately identified?", "Which barrier properties are independently measurable in each application, and which remain dependent on an inverse model?", "If tunneling time is relevant, which operational definition and measurement protocol should be recorded, and how should incompatible time concepts be distinguished?", "Does an existing Vercy world model already own this concept, and which neighbouring models should own wave analogues or specialised tunneling devices?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 17, "questions": 27 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a quantum tunneling, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a proposed quantum-tunneling process, assess its evidential and operational state, and identify justified calculations, measurements or interventions.", "characteristics": { "substance": "activity", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: proton tunneling, Hartman effect.", "2 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 60 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a quantum tunneling, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "something that happens over time", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "proton tunneling", "Hartman effect" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 60 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 2 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one quantum tunneling from another, and a quantum tunneling from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a quantum tunneling, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a quantum tunneling, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a quantum tunneling is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a quantum tunneling, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a quantum tunneling, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a quantum tunneling is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a quantum tunneling sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a quantum tunneling, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a quantum tunneling, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a quantum tunneling is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a quantum tunneling from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a quantum tunneling, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a quantum tunneling, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a quantum tunneling is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a quantum tunneling passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a quantum tunneling between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a quantum tunneling, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a quantum tunneling, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a quantum tunneling is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a quantum tunneling, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a quantum tunneling is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a quantum tunneling, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a quantum tunneling, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a quantum tunneling is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "process-and-outcome", "name": "Process, inputs and outcome", "description": "How a quantum tunneling proceeds, what it needs and what it leaves behind.", "rationale": "An activity is known by its steps and its results, and both have to be recordable while it is still running.", "layers": [ { "id": "steps-and-sequence", "name": "Steps and sequence", "description": "The steps of a quantum tunneling, their order and what may run in parallel.", "findings": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions", "name": "Steps, preconditions and completion", "description": "What has to be true before each step of a quantum tunneling and what marks it done.", "questions": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a step of a quantum tunneling, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a step of a quantum tunneling, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a step of a quantum tunneling is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-results", "name": "Inputs, resources and results", "description": "What a quantum tunneling consumes and what it produces.", "findings": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs", "name": "Inputs, outputs and side effects", "description": "The resources a quantum tunneling takes and the results it leaves, wanted or not.", "questions": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the inputs and results of a quantum tunneling, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the inputs and results of a quantum tunneling, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the inputs and results of a quantum tunneling is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What quantum tunneling is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of quantum tunneling are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is quantum tunneling operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of quantum tunneling and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of quantum tunneling?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as quantum tunneling?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a quantum tunneling came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a quantum tunneling and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a quantum tunneling, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a quantum tunneling, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a quantum tunneling is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a quantum tunneling is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a quantum tunneling, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a quantum tunneling, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a quantum tunneling is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }