{ "model": { "rank": 6690, "code": "thing-q175943", "model_id": "vr.tr.photodiode", "name": "photodiode", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise a photodiode, assess its suitability and operating state, and choose compatible illumination, biasing, readout and handling actions.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.OBJ", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q175943/", "tier": 2, "score": 59, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "VTP1188S", "PIN photodiode" ], "aliasCount": 2, "merged": 2, "knownIn": 59, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q175943", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175943", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T23:17:30Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 20.5, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08875-58ab-74f1-a71d-ccd7c3dd4f0f\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: photodiode\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.OBJ\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 1001 things:\n# Batch 007: 1001 regi", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 63.6, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08875-58a2-7d13-9b37-34ccb48471a3\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: photodiode\nRegistry id: vr.tr.photodiode\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.OBJ\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\n\nCo" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q175943", "registryId": "vr.tr.photodiode", "name": "photodiode", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.OBJ" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q175943/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.photodiode", "name": "photodiode", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise a photodiode, assess its suitability and operating state, and choose compatible illumination, biasing, readout and handling actions.", "definition": "A photodiode is a semiconductor diode designed to detect optical radiation by generating electron-hole pairs whose separation produces a measurable photocurrent or photovoltage.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the photodiode as a kind of semiconductor device that converts absorbed optical radiation into an electrical response, including its photosensitive structure, optical response, electrical behaviour, operating modes and component-level limits; product specifications and individual-unit observations are evidence attached to this kind.", "in_scope": [ "Photosensitive semiconductor structure and photodiode subtype", "Spectral response, active area and optical coupling", "Photocurrent, dark current, capacitance and noise", "Bias conditions, temporal response and usable signal range", "Package interfaces, environmental limits and degradation indicators" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Complete optical receivers and their system-level signal processing", "Transimpedance amplifier design and independent amplifier behaviour", "Phototransistors, photoresistors and thermal radiation detectors", "Solar cells modelled primarily for electrical power generation", "Image sensors and detector arrays as complete architectures", "Light-source operation and system-level laser safety controls" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "The intended sensing mechanism generates charge carriers through optical absorption in a semiconductor diode structure, rather than measuring radiation-induced heating.", "The device provides a diode-based optical response; a photoresistor instead primarily exhibits a light-dependent resistance.", "A phototransistor uses transistor action for amplification; an avalanche photodiode obtains internal gain through avalanche multiplication within its diode structure.", "Zero-bias photovoltaic operation can still identify a photodiode; external reverse bias is an operating choice for many devices rather than a universal identity requirement.", "Distinction from a solar cell depends on the device's intended sensing role and specifications because the underlying photovoltaic mechanism overlaps." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Photosensitive material and structure", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Material designation; PN, PIN, avalanche or other documented structure", "why_it_matters": "Constrains spectral sensitivity, bias requirements and whether internal multiplication is available." }, { "name": "Spectral responsivity", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "A/W as a function of wavelength in nm or µm, with bias, temperature and multiplication conditions", "why_it_matters": "Relates incident optical power at a stated reference plane to output photocurrent." }, { "name": "Active area and geometry", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Area in mm²; dimensions in µm or mm; shape and segment arrangement", "why_it_matters": "Determines beam interception and contributes to optical alignment and capacitance tradeoffs." }, { "name": "Optical entrance interface", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Bare die, window, lens, fibre coupling or other documented interface", "why_it_matters": "Controls which radiation reaches the active region and how the device can be coupled." }, { "name": "Bias mode and voltage", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Zero bias, reverse bias below breakdown, avalanche multiplication or above-breakdown operation; voltage in V", "why_it_matters": "Changes charge collection, gain, noise, timing and required supporting circuitry." }, { "name": "Dark current", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "A at specified bias and temperature under stated dark conditions", "why_it_matters": "Establishes a background contribution and helps diagnose leakage or degradation." }, { "name": "Junction capacitance", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "pF at specified bias and measurement frequency", "why_it_matters": "Affects readout stability, noise and achievable response speed." }, { "name": "Temporal response", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Rise and fall time in s or bandwidth in Hz, with wavelength, bias, load and readout conditions", "why_it_matters": "Determines whether the detector can resolve the intended optical variation." }, { "name": "Noise performance", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Current-noise density in A/√Hz or noise-equivalent power in W/√Hz, with frequency and operating conditions", "why_it_matters": "Supports assessment of the weakest detectable signal without confusing detector and readout noise." }, { "name": "Linear response and exposure limits", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Specified photocurrent range in A; optical power in W, irradiance in W/m² or pulse energy in J as applicable", "why_it_matters": "Separates valid measurement conditions from saturation and potentially damaging exposure." }, { "name": "Terminal and package mapping", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Anode, cathode, case, shield and additional terminals mapped to package contacts", "why_it_matters": "Enables correct connection and interpretation of measured current polarity." }, { "name": "Condition evidence", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Untested, within characterised limits, suspect or failed, supported by dated observations", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes a measured operating condition from an assumption based on device identity." } ], "affordances": [ "Match the photodiode's spectral response and active area to an illumination source and beam geometry.", "Select a supported bias mode and compatible current readout using documented operating limits.", "Estimate photocurrent from characterised responsivity and incident optical power within the established linear range.", "Measure dark and illuminated responses to assess function and detect changes from a baseline.", "Assess whether capacitance, noise and temporal response meet a sensing task's requirements.", "Align, clean or replace the component using package-specific handling instructions and condition evidence." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "photodiode-identity", "name": "Photodiode identity", "description": "Establishes the photosensitive diode mechanism and the boundary of the component being modelled.", "rationale": "Similar optical detectors and photovoltaic devices require different interpretations and operating actions.", "layers": [ { "id": "photosensitive-structure", "name": "Photosensitive structure", "description": "Identifies semiconductor material, junction structure and any internal multiplication mechanism.", "findings": [ { "id": "detector-mechanism", "name": "Detector mechanism", "description": "Record evidence that the optical response belongs to a photodiode and identify its documented subtype.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which semiconductor material and diode structure produce the optical response?", "kind": "definition", "id": "detector-mechanism-q01" }, { "text": "What manufacturer documentation or physical characterisation supports the subtype assignment?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "detector-mechanism-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "component-boundary", "name": "Component boundary", "description": "Separates the photosensitive diode from integrated electronics, arrays and neighbouring device kinds.", "findings": [ { "id": "included-detector-elements", "name": "Included detector elements", "description": "Identify whether reported behaviour belongs to one diode, multiple segments or a larger detector assembly.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the identified component contain one photodiode, multiple photosensitive segments or integrated readout electronics?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "included-detector-elements-q01" }, { "text": "Which specifications describe the diode itself, and which describe its package or complete receiver?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "included-detector-elements-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "optical-response", "name": "Optical response", "description": "Describes which incident radiation the device detects and how radiation reaches its active region.", "rationale": "A photodiode can be electrically functional yet unsuitable because its spectral response or optical geometry does not match the task.", "layers": [ { "id": "spectral-conversion", "name": "Spectral conversion", "description": "Connects wavelength-dependent optical input to electrical output.", "findings": [ { "id": "responsivity-reference", "name": "Responsivity reference", "description": "Record responsivity with the optical reference plane and conditions needed to interpret it.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is the responsivity at the task's wavelengths, and at what temperature, bias and multiplication gain was it measured?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "responsivity-reference-q01" }, { "text": "Is the specified optical power referenced before the package window, at a fibre input or at the semiconductor surface?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "responsivity-reference-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "light-collection", "name": "Light collection", "description": "Describes active-region geometry and package effects on optical access.", "findings": [ { "id": "beam-to-active-area", "name": "Beam to active area", "description": "Record the geometry and optical interfaces needed to determine how much of the intended illumination is detected.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the active-area dimensions, location and any documented spatial-response nonuniformity?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "beam-to-active-area-q01" }, { "text": "How must the beam or fibre be positioned to account for the entrance aperture, window, lens and alignment tolerance?", "kind": "action", "id": "beam-to-active-area-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "electrical-operating-regime", "name": "Electrical operating regime", "description": "Defines terminal connections, bias conditions and dark electrical behaviour.", "rationale": "Bias and leakage affect signal interpretation, and some photodiode subtypes require specialised operating circuitry.", "layers": [ { "id": "bias-and-terminals", "name": "Bias and terminals", "description": "Maps contacts and establishes the supported operating regime.", "findings": [ { "id": "permitted-bias-configuration", "name": "Permitted bias configuration", "description": "Record polarity, bias limits and any multiplication or quenching requirements.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which contacts are the anode, cathode and any case or shield connections?", "kind": "definition", "id": "permitted-bias-configuration-q01" }, { "text": "Which bias regime is supported, and what voltage control, current limiting or quenching circuitry does it require?", "kind": "action", "id": "permitted-bias-configuration-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "dark-electrical-baseline", "name": "Dark electrical baseline", "description": "Characterises detector behaviour in the absence of intended illumination.", "findings": [ { "id": "leakage-and-capacitance", "name": "Leakage and capacitance", "description": "Record dark current and capacitance under conditions that make comparisons meaningful.", "questions": [ { "text": "What dark current is measured at the intended bias and temperature after controlling stray light?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "leakage-and-capacitance-q01" }, { "text": "What junction capacitance is specified or measured at the relevant bias and test frequency?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "leakage-and-capacitance-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "signal-fidelity", "name": "Signal fidelity", "description": "Establishes sensitivity, timing and the range over which the response supports valid inference.", "rationale": "Detecting light does not by itself establish that the device can measure the task's signal accurately or quickly enough.", "layers": [ { "id": "sensitivity-and-noise", "name": "Sensitivity and noise", "description": "Relates weak-signal performance to detector noise and readout conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "detectable-optical-signal", "name": "Detectable optical signal", "description": "Record noise evidence with bandwidth and distinguish detector contributions from the measurement chain.", "questions": [ { "text": "What noise or noise-equivalent power is established at the intended wavelength, temperature, bias and frequency?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "detectable-optical-signal-q01" }, { "text": "How much of the observed detection threshold is attributable to the photodiode versus the readout electronics and measurement bandwidth?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "detectable-optical-signal-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "timing-and-linearity", "name": "Timing and linearity", "description": "Characterises response speed and departures from proportional optical-to-electrical conversion.", "findings": [ { "id": "usable-signal-envelope", "name": "Usable signal envelope", "description": "Establish the temporal and amplitude conditions within which measured output remains useful.", "questions": [ { "text": "What rise time, fall time or bandwidth is demonstrated with the intended wavelength, bias, load and readout?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "usable-signal-envelope-q01" }, { "text": "At what illumination or photocurrent does the response depart from the required linearity, and is the limiting element the diode or the readout?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "usable-signal-envelope-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "operating-limits-and-condition", "name": "Operating limits and condition", "description": "Connects exposure, environment and handling to the component's continued sensing performance.", "rationale": "Optical contamination, electrical overstress and environmental changes can alter photodiode response without an obvious loss of output.", "layers": [ { "id": "exposure-and-handling", "name": "Exposure and handling", "description": "Records documented electrical, optical, thermal and package-handling constraints.", "findings": [ { "id": "component-limit-evidence", "name": "Component limit evidence", "description": "Separate recommended operating conditions from absolute limits and identify applicable handling procedures.", "questions": [ { "text": "What documented limits apply to reverse voltage, photocurrent, temperature and continuous or pulsed optical exposure?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "component-limit-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "What electrostatic-discharge precautions, window-cleaning methods and assembly temperature limits apply to this package?", "kind": "action", "id": "component-limit-evidence-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition assessment", "description": "Uses repeatable dark and illuminated measurements to identify changed performance.", "findings": [ { "id": "response-degradation", "name": "Response degradation", "description": "Record deviations from a characterised baseline and evidence separating diode damage from external causes.", "questions": [ { "text": "Have dark current, responsivity or response time changed under matched measurement conditions?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "response-degradation-q01" }, { "text": "Which checks can distinguish junction degradation from window contamination, alignment error, connection faults or readout drift?", "kind": "action", "id": "response-degradation-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "The listed kinds overlap: single-photon avalanche diodes are avalanche devices, and organic describes the semiconductor material rather than a mutually exclusive junction architecture.", "Numerical ranges are illustrative recall, not specifications; verify material, wavelength, active area, temperature, bias and readout conditions for any selected component.", "A photodiode can operate at zero external bias or under reverse bias; avalanche operation requires appropriate bias circuitry. No standards identifiers are supplied because their exact scope requires verification." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of photodiode this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "PN-junction photodiode", "PIN photodiode", "Avalanche photodiode", "Single-photon avalanche diode", "Schottky photodiode", "Organic photodiode" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of photodiode this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Manufacturer part number", "value_or_pattern": "Manufacturer-specific alphanumeric designation", "note": "Identifies a component design and its variants; there is no universal part number for the photodiode class." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of photodiode this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Optical receivers in fibre-optic communication systems", "Light measurement in photometers and spectroscopic instruments", "Reflected-light sensing in encoders, position sensors and proximity detectors", "Optical detection in pulse oximeters", "Single-photon detection and time-of-flight ranging using avalanche devices" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of photodiode this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Spectral response interval", "typical_range": "Approximately 400-1100 for many silicon photodiodes; ultraviolet-enhanced devices extend below this interval", "unit": "nm" }, { "quantity": "Spectral response interval", "typical_range": "Approximately 900-1700 for conventional InGaAs photodiodes", "unit": "nm" }, { "quantity": "Responsivity", "typical_range": "Approximately 0.4-0.65 for silicon devices near 800-900 nm, without avalanche gain", "unit": "A/W" }, { "quantity": "Dark current", "typical_range": "From below 1 pA to above 1 µA across different materials, active areas, temperatures and bias conditions", "unit": "A" }, { "quantity": "Electrical bandwidth", "typical_range": "From below 1 kHz for some large-area detector circuits to above 10 GHz for high-speed communication devices", "unit": "Hz" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of photodiode this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Electrostatic discharge or excessive reverse bias can damage the junction and increase leakage current.", "Excessive optical power can saturate the detector or cause permanent thermal damage.", "Temperature changes increase dark current and alter detector response, potentially causing measurement drift.", "Contamination, condensation or damage to the optical window can reduce transmission and distort measurements.", "Single-photon avalanche diodes require avalanche quenching; inadequate quenching can cause sustained excessive current." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of photodiode this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Solar cell", "difference": "Both use photovoltaic conversion, but a solar cell is designed primarily to deliver electrical power, whereas a photodiode is designed primarily to measure or detect radiation." }, { "name": "Phototransistor", "difference": "A phototransistor uses transistor action to amplify a light-induced signal; an ordinary photodiode has no transistor gain." }, { "name": "Photoresistor", "difference": "A photoresistor detects illumination through a change in resistance rather than a diode's photocurrent or photovoltage." }, { "name": "Light-emitting diode", "difference": "An LED is designed to emit light under electrical excitation; a photodiode is designed to detect light, although some LEDs can also act as detectors." }, { "name": "Photodetector", "difference": "Photodetector is the broader functional class, including photodiodes, photomultiplier tubes and thermal detectors." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of photodiode this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does the registry already contain narrower entries or world models for avalanche photodiodes, single-photon avalanche diodes or position-sensitive photodiodes that this model should reference?", "Which primary sources should establish representative material-dependent spectral ranges and parameter values without presenting them as universal photodiode limits?", "Which measurement standards and issuing bodies apply to responsivity, noise and temporal-response characterisation for the intended applications?", "How should package-level optical specifications and integrated-electronics specifications be linked while preserving the photodiode's component boundary?", "Which subtype-specific failure indicators and acceptance thresholds have sufficient evidence to support an agent's reuse or replacement decision?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 17, "questions": 27 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "device, machine or tool", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a photodiode, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to recognise a photodiode, assess its suitability and operating state, and choose compatible illumination, biasing, readout and handling actions.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "manufactured", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: VTP1188S, PIN photodiode.", "2 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 59 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a photodiode, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by form, by the arrangement of its controls, and by markings - a plate, a model number, a certification mark. Form alone rarely separates two models that do very different things." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "VTP1188S", "PIN photodiode" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 59 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 2 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one photodiode from another, and a photodiode from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a photodiode, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a photodiode, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a photodiode is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a photodiode, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a photodiode, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a photodiode is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a photodiode sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a photodiode, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a photodiode, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a photodiode is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a photodiode from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a photodiode, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a photodiode, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a photodiode is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a photodiode is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a photodiode, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a photodiode, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a photodiode is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a photodiode is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a photodiode, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a photodiode, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a photodiode is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a photodiode is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a photodiode, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a photodiode, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a photodiode is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a photodiode is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a photodiode is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a photodiode, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a photodiode, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a photodiode is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a photodiode is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a photodiode, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a photodiode, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a photodiode is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a photodiode passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a photodiode between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a photodiode, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a photodiode, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a photodiode is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a photodiode, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a photodiode is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a photodiode, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a photodiode, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a photodiode is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "function-and-principle", "name": "Function and operating principle", "description": "What photodiode is for and how it achieves it.", "rationale": "Two devices with the same name can work on different principles, and the principle is what predicts failure and constrains use.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-function", "name": "Intended function", "description": "The job it does, and the jobs it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-record", "name": "Function, principle and variants", "description": "What it does, how, and which variants do it differently.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-record-q01", "text": "What function does photodiode perform, on what operating principle, and which variants differ in that principle?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "function-record-q02", "text": "What use falls outside the intended function but happens in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "capacity-and-rating", "name": "Capacity and rating", "description": "The numbers that say what it can do and where it stops.", "findings": [ { "id": "ratings", "name": "Ratings and their conditions", "description": "Rated capacity, power, throughput and the conditions each assumes.", "questions": [ { "id": "ratings-q01", "text": "What ratings characterise photodiode, in what units, and under what stated conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "ratings-q02", "text": "What happens beyond the rating - degradation, refusal, damage - and how is that detected?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "operation-and-state", "name": "Operation, controls and state", "description": "How photodiode is operated and what state it is in right now.", "rationale": "An agent acting on a device needs its current state and the controls that change it, not just its specification.", "layers": [ { "id": "controls-and-modes", "name": "Controls and modes", "description": "What can be set, what that changes, and what is interlocked.", "findings": [ { "id": "control-surface", "name": "Control surface and interlocks", "description": "The settings available and the conditions that block them.", "questions": [ { "id": "control-surface-q01", "text": "What controls and modes does photodiode have, and what does each change?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "control-surface-q02", "text": "Which actions are interlocked or forbidden in which state, and what must be true before acting?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-maintenance", "name": "Condition and maintenance", "description": "Wear, service intervals, consumables and the line between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "service-record", "name": "Condition, service and consumables", "description": "What is consumed, what is serviced, and how condition is judged.", "questions": [ { "id": "service-record-q01", "text": "What consumables and service does photodiode need, at what interval, and on whose authority?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "service-record-q02", "text": "What evidence separates a unit that is working from one that is out of service?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "kind-model-unit", "name": "Kind, model and unit", "description": "Whether a claim about photodiode is about the kind, a product line, or one physical unit.", "rationale": "This is the boundary most often got wrong for made things, and getting it wrong mixes a catalogue entry with the machine in the yard.", "layers": [ { "id": "level-of-reference", "name": "Level of reference", "description": "The three levels and what belongs at each.", "findings": [ { "id": "level-rules", "name": "What belongs to kind, model and unit", "description": "Which properties are shared by all of them and which are not.", "questions": [ { "id": "level-rules-q01", "text": "Which facts about photodiode hold for every one of them, which for a model, and which only for one unit?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "level-rules-q02", "text": "What identifies an individual unit, and what should an agent do when it has only the kind?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "standards-and-conformity", "name": "Standards and conformity", "description": "The standards a working example must meet and who attests it.", "findings": [ { "id": "conformity", "name": "Standards, marks and attestation", "description": "Which standard applies, who certifies, and what the mark means.", "questions": [ { "id": "conformity-q01", "text": "Which standards govern photodiode, issued by whom, and what does conformity actually assert?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "conformity-q02", "text": "What may an agent conclude from a certification mark, and what may it not?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a photodiode came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a photodiode and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a photodiode, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a photodiode, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a photodiode is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a photodiode is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a photodiode, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a photodiode, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a photodiode is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }