{ "model": { "rank": 4033, "code": "thing-q176494", "model_id": "vr.tr.recession", "name": "recession", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise, assess and communicate an economy-wide recession using explicit classification criteria, dated evidence and uncertainty.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Information and virtual systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "INF", "domain": "INF.MED", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q176494/", "tier": 2, "score": 79, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "agricultural recession", "Global recession", "endaka", "balance sheet recession" ], "aliasCount": 4, "merged": 4, "knownIn": 79, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.recession-act", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q176494", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176494", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T19:19:53Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 25.7, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a0879b-c656-7a60-914d-43c382a20385\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: recession\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: XCT.STA\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 695 things:\n# Batch 004: 1001 regist", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 66, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a0879b-c649-7610-955f-fdc3c5d646ad\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: recession\nRegistry id: vr.tr.recession\nPlane / domain: XCT / XCT.STA\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\n\nCont" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q176494", "registryId": "vr.tr.recession", "name": "recession", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "XCT.STA" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q176494/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.recession", "name": "recession", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise, assess and communicate an economy-wide recession using explicit classification criteria, dated evidence and uncertainty.", "definition": "A recession is a phase of the business cycle characterised by a significant decline in economic activity across an economy, assessed through its depth, breadth and duration, with no universally accepted numerical threshold.", "scope_statement": "This model owns recession as a macroeconomic state and bounded episode of contracting economic activity in a specified economy, including competing definitions, operational tests, episode boundaries and evidence for classification.", "in_scope": [ "Definitions of recession, their proponents and the economies or analytical purposes to which they apply", "Economy-wide contraction assessed through depth, duration and spread across activities", "Indicators, data vintages and procedures used to identify or date a recession", "Episode severity, distribution of contraction and progression toward recovery", "Evidence-supported explanations and decisions conditional on recession assessment" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Sector-specific downturns without an established economy-wide contraction", "GDP, employment and other economic indicators as independently maintained statistical products", "Financial crises, market crashes and credit events except as linked causes or consequences", "Long-run stagnation, structural decline and economic development as distinct phenomena", "Detailed monetary, fiscal, investment or household response plans", "Non-economic senses of recession, such as physical retreat or gum recession" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Distinguish falling activity from slower positive growth: a declining growth rate alone does not establish a recession.", "Test whether contraction extends across the specified economy rather than assuming one declining industry represents the whole.", "Identify the classification rule: consecutive declines in quarterly real GDP and broader assessments of activity can produce different classifications.", "Separate observed contraction from recession risk: a forecast or warning indicator does not by itself establish an episode.", "Distinguish the end of contraction from restoration of previous output or employment levels." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Economy and coverage", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Named national, regional or global economy; geographic and statistical coverage", "why_it_matters": "A recession claim is meaningful only relative to a defined economy and aggregation boundary." }, { "name": "Definition and classifying authority", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Named institution, analyst or research tradition; attributed criteria and version", "why_it_matters": "Classification may depend on whose definition and dating procedure are used." }, { "name": "Assessment status", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Risk forecast, suspected contraction, classified recession, disputed classification or insufficient evidence", "why_it_matters": "Prevents forecasts and provisional interpretations from being presented as settled episode records." }, { "name": "Episode boundaries", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Peak and trough dates or intervals at stated monthly, quarterly or annual resolution", "why_it_matters": "Supports duration estimates while preserving uncertainty about turning points." }, { "name": "Contraction depth", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Peak-to-trough percentage change in each specified real activity indicator", "why_it_matters": "Measures severity without collapsing different indicators into an unexplained score." }, { "name": "Contraction duration", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Months or quarters under an explicit endpoint convention", "why_it_matters": "Separates brief disruptions from sustained declines and supports reproducible comparisons." }, { "name": "Contraction breadth", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Share of sectors, regions or activity indicators declining; denominator and weights stated", "why_it_matters": "Tests whether deterioration is sufficiently widespread for the selected definition." }, { "name": "Evidence vintage", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Observation period, release date, revision date and preliminary or revised status", "why_it_matters": "Explains why contemporary and retrospective assessments can differ." }, { "name": "Recovery position", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Contraction continuing, trough provisionally identified, expansion resumed or selected pre-recession level regained", "why_it_matters": "Separates episode termination from recovery of lost activity." } ], "affordances": [ "Evaluate recession claims against an attributed definition and a specified evidence vintage.", "Compare classifications under multiple operational rules and explain their disagreement.", "Estimate episode boundaries, depth, duration and breadth with indicator-specific uncertainty.", "Track whether new releases or revisions strengthen, weaken or overturn an assessment.", "Compare episodes using compatible coverage, indicators and dating conventions.", "Identify which response decisions require further evidence and route them to the relevant policy or planning model." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "definition-and-economic-boundary", "name": "Definition and economic boundary", "description": "Establishes which meaning of recession is being applied and what economy is being assessed.", "rationale": "Recession has competing operational definitions, and the same evidence may support different labels under different rules.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-classification-rules", "name": "Competing classification rules", "description": "Records definitions, their proponents and the distinctions that drive disagreement.", "findings": [ { "id": "attributed-recession-test", "name": "Attributed recession test", "description": "An assessment must identify its rule and distinguish a quarterly output test from a broader assessment of economic activity.", "questions": [ { "text": "Who adopts this definition, and does it use consecutive real GDP declines, multiple activity indicators or another explicit test?", "kind": "definition", "id": "attributed-recession-test-q01" }, { "text": "How does the rule weigh depth, duration and breadth, and which combinations remain matters of judgment?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "attributed-recession-test-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "economy-and-neighbouring-states", "name": "Economy and neighbouring states", "description": "Delimits the aggregate being classified and separates recession from related conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "aggregate-contraction-boundary", "name": "Aggregate contraction boundary", "description": "Coverage and aggregation choices determine whether a downturn is economy-wide or confined to a narrower unit.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which economy is the unit of assessment, and are activity measures aggregate, per capita or defined another way?", "kind": "definition", "id": "aggregate-contraction-boundary-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence distinguishes this episode from a sectoral slump, growth slowdown or prolonged stagnation under the chosen definition?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "aggregate-contraction-boundary-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "activity-evidence-and-data-vintages", "name": "Activity evidence and data vintages", "description": "Organises the observations used to assess contraction and the statistical limitations affecting them.", "rationale": "A recession assessment must be reproducible from the information available at a stated time.", "layers": [ { "id": "activity-indicator-panel", "name": "Activity indicator panel", "description": "Connects output, labour, income and spending evidence to the adopted recession test.", "findings": [ { "id": "convergent-and-conflicting-signals", "name": "Convergent and conflicting signals", "description": "Indicators may describe different parts of activity and need not turn together.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which measures of real output, employment, real income, production or sales are used, and why are they appropriate for this economy?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "convergent-and-conflicting-signals-q01" }, { "text": "Where do indicators disagree, and how does the classification procedure resolve or preserve that disagreement?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "convergent-and-conflicting-signals-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "release-and-revision-history", "name": "Release and revision history", "description": "Preserves the distinction between contemporaneous evidence and later statistical reconstruction.", "findings": [ { "id": "reproducible-evidence-snapshot", "name": "Reproducible evidence snapshot", "description": "Each assessment records the releases, transformations and revisions on which it depends.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which source releases and vintages support the assessment, and what seasonal adjustment, inflation adjustment and growth-rate conventions were used?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "reproducible-evidence-snapshot-q01" }, { "text": "Would revisions, missing observations or measurement uncertainty change whether the recession test is met?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "reproducible-evidence-snapshot-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "episode-dating-and-severity", "name": "Episode dating and severity", "description": "Characterises the timing and magnitude of a particular recession episode.", "rationale": "The recession label alone does not explain when contraction occurred or how severe it was.", "layers": [ { "id": "turning-points-and-duration", "name": "Turning points and duration", "description": "Identifies the preceding peak, contraction interval and subsequent trough.", "findings": [ { "id": "dated-contraction-interval", "name": "Dated contraction interval", "description": "Episode dates require an explicit convention and may remain provisional until later evidence arrives.", "questions": [ { "text": "What peak and trough dates or intervals are supported, and how does the dating convention include or exclude their periods?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "dated-contraction-interval-q01" }, { "text": "Who assigned these dates, when were they announced, and what supports treating an apparent rebound as an interruption or an episode boundary?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "dated-contraction-interval-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "depth-and-diffusion", "name": "Depth and diffusion", "description": "Measures how far activity fell and how widely contraction spread.", "findings": [ { "id": "multidimensional-severity", "name": "Multidimensional severity", "description": "Severity retains separate measures of output loss, labour deterioration and diffusion rather than relying on the label alone.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the peak-to-trough changes in selected activity measures, and which baselines and units make episode comparisons valid?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "multidimensional-severity-q01" }, { "text": "What proportion of sectors and regions contracted, using which weights, and where was deterioration concentrated?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "multidimensional-severity-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "mechanisms-and-distributed-effects", "name": "Mechanisms and distributed effects", "description": "Links the episode to supported explanations and uneven consequences.", "rationale": "Similar aggregate contractions can arise through different mechanisms and affect groups differently, changing which responses merit evaluation.", "layers": [ { "id": "onset-and-propagation", "name": "Onset and propagation", "description": "Separates proposed initiating shocks from mechanisms that amplify or sustain contraction.", "findings": [ { "id": "supported-causal-accounts", "name": "Supported causal accounts", "description": "Competing explanations are recorded with evidence and limitations rather than inferred from temporal coincidence.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which accounts attribute onset or propagation to demand, supply, credit, external trade or policy changes, and what evidence supports each?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "supported-causal-accounts-q01" }, { "text": "Which observations distinguish a causal driver from a coincident symptom or consequence of contraction?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "supported-causal-accounts-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "uneven-economic-burden", "name": "Uneven economic burden", "description": "Records variation in losses across households, firms, industries and places.", "findings": [ { "id": "distribution-beyond-the-aggregate", "name": "Distribution beyond the aggregate", "description": "Aggregate contraction measures do not establish who experienced losses or whether those losses persisted.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which groups experienced changes in employment, real income, business survival or financial stress, over what comparison period?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "distribution-beyond-the-aggregate-q01" }, { "text": "Which observed harms can be linked to this episode, and which may reflect pre-existing trends or separate shocks?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "distribution-beyond-the-aggregate-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "assessment-use-and-recovery", "name": "Assessment use and recovery", "description": "Governs how an agent communicates the assessment, updates it and interprets the transition out of contraction.", "rationale": "Decisions often precede settled recession dating, while the end of an episode can precede recovery of lost activity.", "layers": [ { "id": "decision-relevant-assessment", "name": "Decision-relevant assessment", "description": "Separates historical classification, current assessment and forecasts when informing action.", "findings": [ { "id": "conditional-use-of-the-label", "name": "Conditional use of the label", "description": "An agent communicates the evidence date and uncertainty and identifies the specific decision for which classification matters.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the claim a forecast, a current assessment or retrospective dating, and what uncertainty must accompany it?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "conditional-use-of-the-label-q01" }, { "text": "Which decision depends on the recession assessment, and what additional evidence or authority does that decision require?", "kind": "action", "id": "conditional-use-of-the-label-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "exit-and-recovery-tracking", "name": "Exit and recovery tracking", "description": "Distinguishes renewed expansion from regaining prior levels and from closing an estimated trend gap.", "findings": [ { "id": "separate-recovery-milestones", "name": "Separate recovery milestones", "description": "Recovery milestones are indicator-specific and must state whether they refer to growth, levels or a counterfactual path.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which indicators show contraction ending, which have regained their pre-recession levels, and which remain below an explicitly estimated trend?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "separate-recovery-milestones-q01" }, { "text": "What new release, revision or renewed decline would trigger reassessment of the trough or the recovery claim?", "kind": "action", "id": "separate-recovery-milestones-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "The intended sense is inferred to be macroeconomic recession; the registry supplies no sense definition.", "The listed kinds overlap and do not constitute a standardised taxonomy; causal classifications require evidence about individual episodes.", "This is recall rather than source-checked research. Verify the relevant jurisdiction's dating conventions before assigning recession dates." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of recession this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Technical recession: two consecutive quarters of declining real GDP under a commonly used shorthand definition", "Demand-driven recession", "Supply-shock recession", "Balance-sheet recession", "Double-dip recession: renewed contraction following a brief recovery" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of recession this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Business-cycle dating and historical comparison", "Informing monetary and fiscal policy decisions", "Stress testing business plans, credit portfolios and public budgets", "Forecasting employment, household income and demand", "Comparing the causes, severity and recovery paths of economic contractions" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of recession this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Real GDP growth", "typical_range": "Often negative during recession; no universal cutoff, and some quarters within a recession may show growth", "unit": "percent change over a specified interval" }, { "quantity": "Peak-to-trough decline in real output", "typical_range": "Episode-dependent; no universally defining range", "unit": "percent" }, { "quantity": "Duration of contraction", "typical_range": "Usually measured over months or quarters; minimum-duration conventions differ", "unit": "months or quarters" }, { "quantity": "Change in unemployment rate", "typical_range": "Often positive, but neither a fixed increase nor exact coincidence with recession dates is required", "unit": "percentage points" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of recession this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Treating two negative GDP quarters as a universal or sufficient definition", "Confusing slower positive growth with an outright contraction", "Using nominal output changes without accounting for inflation", "Ignoring data revisions, seasonal adjustment and differences between quarterly and annualised growth rates", "Assuming that a recession's end means output, employment or living standards have returned to their previous peaks" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of recession this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "In the United States, the National Bureau of Economic Research's Business Cycle Dating Committee assesses multiple indicators, weighing depth, diffusion and duration rather than applying a fixed two-quarter rule.", "In many countries, public discussion uses two consecutive quarters of falling real GDP, although statistical agencies, researchers and governments may apply different conventions.", "National, euro-area and global recession assessments concern different economic aggregates; a contraction in one country does not establish a global recession." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of recession this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Economic slowdown", "difference": "Growth weakens but may remain positive; recession involves a significant decline in activity." }, { "name": "Depression", "difference": "Usually denotes an exceptionally severe or prolonged contraction; no universally agreed numerical boundary separates it from recession." }, { "name": "Stagnation", "difference": "Activity remains weak or grows little over an extended period without necessarily undergoing a distinct recession." }, { "name": "Deflation", "difference": "The general price level falls; recession concerns economic activity and can occur with rising prices." }, { "name": "Financial crisis", "difference": "Financial institutions or markets suffer major disruption; a crisis can cause a recession but is not necessary for one." }, { "name": "Per-capita recession", "difference": "Real output per person contracts, potentially while aggregate real GDP continues to grow." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of recession this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Which institutions and research traditions should supply the reference definitions, and how do their criteria differ across economies?", "How should regional and global recession assessments be represented when national dating rules or aggregation methods are incompatible?", "How should unusually deep but brief contractions be assessed under definitions that also emphasise duration?", "Which methods can represent uncertainty in real-time recession assessments without implying unsupported numerical precision?", "What criteria distinguish a renewed contraction within one episode from a separate recession, and how consistently are those criteria applied?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 17, "questions": 27 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "work, medium or creative form", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a recession, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to recognise, assess and communicate an economy-wide recession using explicit classification criteria, dated evidence and uncertainty.", "characteristics": { "substance": "information", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "read and interpreted", "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: agricultural recession, Global recession, endaka, balance sheet recession.", "4 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 79 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a recession, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "content that has to be carried by something else", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "read it and act on what it says", "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "What is seen is a copy or a performance, not the work. Recognising the work means recognising the content through whatever is carrying it." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "agricultural recession", "Global recession", "endaka", "balance sheet recession" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 79 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 4 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one recession from another, and a recession from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a recession, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a recession, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a recession is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a recession, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a recession, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a recession is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a recession sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a recession, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a recession, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a recession is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a recession from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a recession, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a recession, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a recession is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a recession passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a recession between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a recession, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a recession, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a recession is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a recession, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a recession is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a recession, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a recession, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a recession is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "content-and-access", "name": "Content, encoding and access", "description": "What a recession says, how it is encoded and who may read it.", "rationale": "An informational thing carries content that can be copied, versioned and withheld, none of which its physical carrier explains.", "layers": [ { "id": "content-and-encoding", "name": "Content and encoding", "description": "The content itself, its format and its language.", "findings": [ { "id": "content-and-format", "name": "Content, format and language", "description": "What a recession contains and in what form it is held.", "questions": [ { "id": "content-and-format-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the content of a recession, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the content of a recession, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the content of a recession is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "access-and-rights", "name": "Access, rights and retention", "description": "Who may read, copy or change it, and for how long it is kept.", "findings": [ { "id": "access-rules", "name": "Access rules and retention", "description": "The permissions attached to a recession and the period it survives.", "questions": [ { "id": "access-rules-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes access to a recession, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about access to a recession, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once access to a recession is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "work-and-manifestation", "name": "Work, version and copy", "description": "Which level of recession a statement is about.", "rationale": "The work, the edition, the file and the copy in hand are four things; rights and content attach to different ones.", "layers": [ { "id": "levels", "name": "Levels of the thing", "description": "Work, expression, manifestation and item, in plain terms.", "findings": [ { "id": "level-rules", "name": "What belongs at each level", "description": "Which facts hold for the work and which only for one copy.", "questions": [ { "id": "level-rules-q01", "text": "For recession, which facts belong to the work itself, which to a version, and which to a single copy?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "level-rules-q02", "text": "What identifier exists at each level, and which one is being cited?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "versions", "name": "Versions, editions and variants", "description": "How versions differ and which is canonical to whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "version-record", "name": "Versions and canonicity", "description": "Differences that matter and who calls one authoritative.", "questions": [ { "id": "version-record-q01", "text": "Which versions or editions of recession exist, and how do they differ substantively?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "version-record-q02", "text": "Who treats which version as authoritative, and for what purpose?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "authorship-and-rights", "name": "Authorship, rights and permitted use", "description": "Who made recession and what may be done with it.", "rationale": "Rights are jurisdictional, time-limited and attached to a level, and an agent that ignores that will copy what it may not.", "layers": [ { "id": "authorship", "name": "Authorship and contribution", "description": "Who contributed what, and in what capacity.", "findings": [ { "id": "contribution-record", "name": "Contributors and roles", "description": "The people and bodies behind it, with their roles.", "questions": [ { "id": "contribution-record-q01", "text": "Who authored or contributed to recession, in what roles, and how is that attested?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "contribution-record-q02", "text": "Where authorship is disputed or anonymous, what is recorded instead?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "rights", "name": "Rights and permissions", "description": "Which rights subsist, where, until when, and what they permit.", "findings": [ { "id": "rights-record", "name": "Rights, term and permitted acts", "description": "The regime in force and what it allows.", "questions": [ { "id": "rights-record-q01", "text": "What rights subsist in recession, in which jurisdictions, and until when?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "rights-record-q02", "text": "Which acts are permitted without further permission, and which must an agent refuse?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a recession came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a recession and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a recession, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a recession, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a recession is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a recession is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a recession, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a recession, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a recession is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }