{ "model": { "rank": 4941, "code": "thing-q177254", "model_id": "vr.tr.hyperopia", "name": "hyperopia", "purpose": "Let an agent explain hyperopia and its degrees in general terms from ophthalmic sources, describe symptoms, diagnosis and correction, distinguish it from presbyopia and myopia, and route personal eye concerns to eye care professionals.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Cross-cutting context", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "XCT", "domain": "XCT.STA", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q177254/", "tier": 2, "score": 71, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "rare hyperopia and astigmatism", "High-grade hypermetropia" ], "aliasCount": 2, "merged": 2, "knownIn": 71, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q177254", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177254", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-13T02:44:35Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 3, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q177254", "registryId": "vr.tr.hyperopia", "name": "hyperopia", "version": "0.2.0-wave.3", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "XCT.STA" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q177254/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.hyperopia", "name": "hyperopia", "purpose": "Let an agent explain hyperopia and its degrees in general terms from ophthalmic sources, describe symptoms, diagnosis and correction, distinguish it from presbyopia and myopia, and route personal eye concerns to eye care professionals.", "definition": "A refractive error, also called hypermetropia or farsightedness, in which light focuses behind the retina because the eyeball is too short or the cornea or lens too weak, causing blurred near vision and eye strain, ranging from mild latent hyperopia common in children to high-grade hypermetropia that can cause amblyopia or strabismus, sometimes combined with astigmatism; it is diagnosed by refraction and corrected with convex lenses, contact lenses or refractive surgery.", "what_it_is_for": "Not applicable; a refractive error.", "affordances": [ "explain the condition", "relay symptoms and correction", "distinguish from related conditions", "route personal concerns" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Plus lens correction", "Latent form in children", "Accommodation compensation", "Amblyopia risk when high" ], "appearance": "Not a visible object; blurred near vision, corrected by plus lenses.", "visual_identification": [ "Farsightedness from light focusing behind the retina", "Mild, moderate and high-grade hyperopia; hyperopia with astigmatism", "Presbyopia is age-related loss of accommodation; myopia is nearsightedness" ], "physical_properties": [ { "quantity": "high hyperopia", "typical_range": "above +5", "unit": "dioptres", "note": "commonly defined" }, { "quantity": "prevalence in adults", "typical_range": "about 5-10", "unit": "percent", "note": "varies by population and definition" } ], "families_and_kinds": [ "simple and axial hyperopia", "latent, manifest and absolute hyperopia", "high-grade hypermetropia", "hyperopia with astigmatism", "hyperopia in children and in adults", "rare syndromic hyperopia" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "refractive error", "why": "in registry terms" }, { "relation": "is contrasted with", "target": "myopia", "why": "nearsightedness" }, { "relation": "is corrected by", "target": "corrective lens", "why": "with convex lenses" }, { "relation": "can cause", "target": "amblyopia", "why": "when high and uncorrected in children" } ], "identifiers": [ { "scheme": "ICD-11", "value_or_pattern": "9D00.1", "note": "hypermetropia" }, { "scheme": "MeSH", "value_or_pattern": "D006956", "note": "hyperopia" } ], "standards_and_regulation": [ "Clinical guidelines for refractive error and paediatric vision screening", "Regulation of spectacles, contact lenses and refractive surgery" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Undetected hyperopia in children causing amblyopia", "Agents giving personal medical advice", "Confusing hyperopia with presbyopia" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "understand", "name": "Understand", "description": "What hyperopia is.", "rationale": "Clinical.", "layers": [ { "id": "definition", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition and cause.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-finding", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is hyperopia, and why does light focus behind the retina?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Is the question about hyperopia, presbyopia or myopia?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "degrees", "name": "Degrees", "description": "Degrees and forms.", "findings": [ { "id": "degrees-finding", "name": "Degrees", "description": "Degrees.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do latent, manifest and high-grade hyperopia differ, and how does astigmatism combine with it?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the specific form?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "care", "name": "Care", "description": "Diagnosis and correction.", "rationale": "Clinical.", "layers": [ { "id": "diagnosis", "name": "Diagnosis", "description": "Diagnosis.", "findings": [ { "id": "diagnosis-finding", "name": "Diagnosis", "description": "Diagnosis.", "questions": [ { "text": "How is hyperopia diagnosed, including cycloplegic refraction in children?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the user asking about their own vision, which needs an eye examination?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "correction", "name": "Correction", "description": "Correction.", "findings": [ { "id": "correction-finding", "name": "Correction", "description": "Correction.", "questions": [ { "text": "How is hyperopia corrected with lenses or surgery, in general terms?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which references are standard?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "children", "name": "Children", "description": "Children.", "rationale": "Clinical.", "layers": [ { "id": "screening", "name": "Screening", "description": "Screening.", "findings": [ { "id": "screening-finding", "name": "Screening", "description": "Screening.", "questions": [ { "text": "Why does hyperopia matter in children, and how is vision screened?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which sources are cited?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "complications", "name": "Complications", "description": "Amblyopia and strabismus.", "findings": [ { "id": "complications-finding", "name": "Complications", "description": "Complications.", "questions": [ { "text": "How can high hyperopia lead to amblyopia and strabismus?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits amblyopia?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "context", "name": "Context", "description": "Epidemiology and history.", "rationale": "Context.", "layers": [ { "id": "epidemiology", "name": "Epidemiology", "description": "Prevalence.", "findings": [ { "id": "epidemiology-finding", "name": "Epidemiology", "description": "Epidemiology.", "questions": [ { "text": "How common is hyperopia across ages and populations?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits refractive error epidemiology?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "history", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "findings": [ { "id": "history-finding", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "questions": [ { "text": "How were farsightedness and its correction understood historically?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the history of spectacles?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should refractive error be the primary linked entry?", "How should clinical guidelines be linked?", "The registry entry has merged aliases naming rare and high-grade forms; should they be split off?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a hyperopia, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent explain hyperopia and its degrees in general terms from ophthalmic sources, describe symptoms, diagnosis and correction, distinguish it from presbyopia and myopia, and route personal eye concerns to eye care professionals.", "characteristics": { "substance": "abstract", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: rare hyperopia and astigmatism, High-grade hypermetropia.", "2 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 71 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a hyperopia, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "an abstraction with no physical instance", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "rare hyperopia and astigmatism", "High-grade hypermetropia" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 71 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 2 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one hyperopia from another, and a hyperopia from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a hyperopia, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a hyperopia, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a hyperopia is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a hyperopia, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a hyperopia, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a hyperopia is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a hyperopia sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a hyperopia, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a hyperopia, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a hyperopia is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a hyperopia from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a hyperopia, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a hyperopia, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a hyperopia is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a hyperopia passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a hyperopia between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a hyperopia, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a hyperopia, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a hyperopia is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a hyperopia, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a hyperopia is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a hyperopia, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a hyperopia, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a hyperopia is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What hyperopia is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of hyperopia are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is hyperopia operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of hyperopia and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of hyperopia?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as hyperopia?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a hyperopia came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a hyperopia and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a hyperopia, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a hyperopia, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a hyperopia is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a hyperopia is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a hyperopia, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a hyperopia, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a hyperopia is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 10, "findings": 12, "questions": 32 } } } }