{ "model": { "rank": 5008, "code": "thing-q177342", "model_id": "vr.tr.aluminium-oxide", "name": "aluminium oxide", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise aluminium oxide, assess how its composition, phase and physical form affect its state and suitability, and determine what handling or use is supported by evidence.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.MAT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q177342/", "tier": 2, "score": 70, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [], "aliasCount": 0, "merged": 0, "knownIn": 70, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q177342", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177342", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T21:28:01Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 22.5, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08811-1100-73f0-8fc1-507e73562257\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: aluminium oxide\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.MAT\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 1001 things:\n# Batch 005: 1001", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 66.9, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08811-10f2-7eb3-9e2b-2fd35d260f2b\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: aluminium oxide\nRegistry id: vr.tr.aluminium-oxide\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.MAT\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q177342", "registryId": "vr.tr.aluminium-oxide", "name": "aluminium oxide", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.MAT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q177342/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.aluminium-oxide", "name": "aluminium oxide", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise aluminium oxide, assess how its composition, phase and physical form affect its state and suitability, and determine what handling or use is supported by evidence.", "definition": "Aluminium oxide (Al₂O₃), also called alumina, is an inorganic compound of aluminium and oxygen that occurs in several crystalline forms and amorphous states and is widely used as a refractory, abrasive and technical ceramic.", "scope_statement": "This model owns aluminium oxide as the substance Al2O3 and as characterised material grades, including crystalline and amorphous forms, powders, porous materials and consolidated bodies; it records impurities, dopants and surface hydration without treating products containing alumina as the substance itself.", "in_scope": [ "Chemical identity, substance identifiers and boundaries between Al2O3, aluminium hydroxides and aluminium oxyhydroxides", "Purity, dopants, contaminants and grade-specific composition", "Crystalline phase, amorphous content, surface condition and transformations under stated conditions", "Particle morphology, porosity, surface area and consolidated-material microstructure", "Measured properties and suitability for ceramic, abrasive, adsorbent, catalyst-support and insulating uses", "Form-specific handling, exposure assessment and jurisdiction-specific regulatory identity" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Bauxite deposits, ore bodies and mining operations", "Aluminium metal and its alloys", "Aluminium hydroxide and aluminium oxyhydroxide as independent substances", "Complete Bayer-process, calcination or aluminium-smelting operations", "Finished electronic, optical, medical or refractory products containing alumina", "Commercial gemstone valuation and jewellery design" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Identify the substance by evidence consistent with Al2O3; aluminium content or a white appearance alone cannot distinguish it from hydroxides, oxyhydroxides or other aluminium compounds.", "Distinguish alumina from aluminium metal using chemical composition and phase evidence rather than the shared element name.", "Use phase analysis to distinguish alpha-alumina, other alumina phases and amorphous material; the formula alone does not establish the phase.", "Distinguish an alumina material from an alumina-containing mixture or composite by reporting its constituents and their fractions.", "Treat corundum and sapphire descriptions as potentially overlapping crystalline forms of aluminium oxide, while recording dopants and application context rather than automatically creating separate substance identities." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Substance identity", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Al2O3; verified CAS, PubChem and EC identifiers with source and identifier scope", "why_it_matters": "Connects the material to substance records without confusing a commercial formulation with its principal constituent." }, { "name": "Alumina content and impurity profile", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Mass fraction or wt%; trace constituents in mg/kg; dry or as-received basis", "why_it_matters": "Impurities and reporting basis can determine whether a grade meets a processing or application requirement." }, { "name": "Crystalline and amorphous phase composition", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Identified phases and estimated fractions, with analytical method and uncertainty", "why_it_matters": "Materials with the same nominal formula can behave differently because their structures differ." }, { "name": "Particle size and morphology", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Particle-size distribution in µm or nm; shape description; primary-particle or agglomerate basis", "why_it_matters": "Supports judgments about dispersion, packing, abrasion, processing and airborne-particle exposure." }, { "name": "Specific surface area and pore structure", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "m²/g, pore volume in cm³/g and pore-size distribution in nm, with method and pretreatment", "why_it_matters": "Characterises porous alumina for adsorption and catalyst-support duties." }, { "name": "Density and consolidation", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "True, bulk or apparent density in g/cm³; relative density and open porosity in %", "why_it_matters": "Prevents powder packing density from being mistaken for intrinsic or ceramic-body density." }, { "name": "Water content and surface hydration", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Measured moisture or mass loss in wt%; conditioning history; surface-hydration evidence", "why_it_matters": "Helps separate adsorbed water and surface hydroxylation from a different bulk chemical identity." }, { "name": "Thermal behaviour", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Transition, melting or other thermal-event temperatures in °C or K, with pressure, atmosphere and method", "why_it_matters": "Supports thermal processing while preventing unrelated thermal events from being reported as interchangeable constants." }, { "name": "Mechanical and electrical performance", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Hardness with test scale; strength in MPa; volume resistivity in Ω·m; dielectric strength in kV/mm", "why_it_matters": "Allows a particular microstructure and specimen to be assessed for abrasive, structural or insulating service." }, { "name": "Safety and regulatory applicability", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Material form linked to current supplier documentation, jurisdiction, classification and applicable exposure-limit basis", "why_it_matters": "Makes handling decisions depend on the actual grade, particle form and governing requirements." } ], "affordances": [ "Verify whether a sample or supplier grade belongs under the aluminium oxide identity.", "Compare alumina grades against purity, phase, particle-size and application requirements.", "Select characterisation needed to resolve uncertain phase, hydration or contamination.", "Assess whether drying, calcination, milling or sintering requires requalification of the material.", "Determine whether measured performance supports a proposed abrasive, ceramic, adsorbent or insulating use.", "Identify handling controls and storage conditions supported by the material's form and current documentation." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "chemical-identity-and-grade", "name": "Chemical identity and grade", "description": "Establishes what is being called aluminium oxide and what else is present.", "rationale": "Alumina content, hydration and commercial grade names must not substitute for a verified substance identity.", "layers": [ { "id": "substance-boundary", "name": "Substance boundary", "description": "Separates Al2O3 from neighbouring aluminium compounds and formulations.", "findings": [ { "id": "al2o3-identity-evidence", "name": "Al2O3 identity evidence", "description": "Records evidence for the nominal chemical identity and the scope of associated identifiers.", "questions": [ { "text": "What analytical or authoritative record establishes that the material is aluminium oxide rather than an aluminium hydroxide or oxyhydroxide?", "kind": "definition", "id": "al2o3-identity-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Which verified CAS, PubChem and EC records apply to the substance, and does the supplied product contain additional constituents?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "al2o3-identity-evidence-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "grade-composition", "name": "Grade composition", "description": "Makes purity claims and intentional additions interpretable.", "findings": [ { "id": "purity-and-additions", "name": "Purity and additions", "description": "Records alumina content, contaminants, dopants and binders against a stated analytical basis.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the measured Al2O3 content and relevant impurities, including sodium-, silicon- and iron-bearing constituents, on a stated moisture basis?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "purity-and-additions-q01" }, { "text": "Which additions are intentional, and at what point should this material be treated as an alumina-containing formulation or composite?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "purity-and-additions-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "phase-and-surface-state", "name": "Phase and surface state", "description": "Characterises the structures and surface conditions hidden by the shared Al2O3 formula.", "rationale": "Phase identity and surface hydration are necessary to interpret alumina behaviour and treatment history.", "layers": [ { "id": "phase-assemblage", "name": "Phase assemblage", "description": "Identifies crystalline forms, mixed phases and amorphous content.", "findings": [ { "id": "phase-assignment", "name": "Phase assignment", "description": "Links phase labels to measurements and preserves uncertainty in poorly resolved material.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which alumina phases and amorphous fractions are supported by diffraction or complementary measurements?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "phase-assignment-q01" }, { "text": "Does a label such as activated alumina, corundum or sapphire establish a phase, or require additional evidence about structure and composition?", "kind": "definition", "id": "phase-assignment-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "hydration-and-transformation", "name": "Hydration and transformation", "description": "Tracks surface water and structural changes associated with conditioning or heat treatment.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-dependent-state", "name": "Condition-dependent state", "description": "Distinguishes current material state from assumptions based on its production label.", "questions": [ { "text": "What evidence distinguishes adsorbed moisture and surface hydroxylation from a bulk hydroxide or oxyhydroxide component?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "condition-dependent-state-q01" }, { "text": "What temperature, atmosphere, duration and humidity history could have changed the phase assemblage or surface condition?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "condition-dependent-state-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "particles-pores-and-microstructure", "name": "Particles, pores and microstructure", "description": "Describes alumina as powder, porous material or consolidated body.", "rationale": "Particle organisation and pore structure distinguish grades that share composition and phase.", "layers": [ { "id": "powder-architecture", "name": "Powder architecture", "description": "Characterises particle dimensions, shape and aggregation.", "findings": [ { "id": "particle-population", "name": "Particle population", "description": "Makes size specifications comparable by identifying what was measured and how.", "questions": [ { "text": "What particle-size distribution and morphology were measured, and does the result describe primary particles, aggregates or agglomerates?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "particle-population-q01" }, { "text": "What dispersion and sampling conditions are required before comparing this powder with another alumina grade?", "kind": "action", "id": "particle-population-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "pore-and-grain-architecture", "name": "Pore and grain architecture", "description": "Connects accessible surface, porosity and ceramic consolidation.", "findings": [ { "id": "surface-and-body-structure", "name": "Surface and body structure", "description": "Records the structural measurements relevant to porous alumina and dense bodies.", "questions": [ { "text": "What specific surface area, pore volume and pore-size distribution are supported by measurements with documented pretreatment?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "surface-and-body-structure-q01" }, { "text": "For a consolidated body, what grain size, open porosity and relative density were measured, and which density definition was used?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "surface-and-body-structure-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "performance-and-processing", "name": "Performance and processing", "description": "Relates measured alumina properties to a proposed use and subsequent treatment.", "rationale": "A substance name alone cannot qualify alumina for an abrasive, insulating, refractory or surface-active duty.", "layers": [ { "id": "application-relevant-properties", "name": "Application-relevant properties", "description": "Selects measurements that substantiate the intended material function.", "findings": [ { "id": "qualified-performance", "name": "Qualified performance", "description": "Associates property values with the tested grade, specimen and service conditions.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which hardness, strength, thermal or electrical measurements support the proposed use, and at what temperature and specimen condition?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "qualified-performance-q01" }, { "text": "For adsorption or catalyst-support use, what evidence establishes capacity, accessible surface and compatibility with the intended medium?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "qualified-performance-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "treatment-and-service-envelope", "name": "Treatment and service envelope", "description": "Defines when processing or service conditions invalidate existing characterisation.", "findings": [ { "id": "requalification-triggers", "name": "Requalification triggers", "description": "Identifies changes that require fresh evidence before continued use.", "questions": [ { "text": "After milling, calcination or sintering, which phase, contamination, surface-area or microstructure measurements must be repeated?", "kind": "action", "id": "requalification-triggers-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence establishes acceptable chemical and thermal conditions, including whether a reported high-temperature value describes melting, decomposition or vaporisation?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "requalification-triggers-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "handling-and-regulatory-evidence", "name": "Handling and regulatory evidence", "description": "Connects actual alumina form and grade to exposure, storage and regulatory decisions.", "rationale": "Powders, porous granules and dense bodies require different evidence, and supplier formulations can introduce additional considerations.", "layers": [ { "id": "exposure-and-classification", "name": "Exposure and classification", "description": "Resolves the safety information applicable to the supplied material and activity.", "findings": [ { "id": "form-specific-safety-basis", "name": "Form-specific safety basis", "description": "Records classification and exposure requirements with their jurisdiction, date and particle-fraction basis.", "questions": [ { "text": "What current GHS classification or documented absence of classification applies to this grade in the relevant jurisdiction?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "form-specific-safety-basis-q01" }, { "text": "Which exposure limits and airborne-particle fractions apply during powder handling, grinding or other dust-generating work?", "kind": "action", "id": "form-specific-safety-basis-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "storage-and-used-material", "name": "Storage and used material", "description": "Tracks changes caused by moisture uptake, contamination and prior service.", "findings": [ { "id": "handling-after-state-change", "name": "Handling after state change", "description": "Keeps handling and disposition decisions aligned with what the alumina now contains.", "questions": [ { "text": "What packaging and conditioning preserve the required moisture content, cleanliness and surface performance of this grade?", "kind": "action", "id": "handling-after-state-change-q01" }, { "text": "For used adsorbent or catalyst-support alumina, which retained substances change its handling, regeneration or disposal requirements?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "handling-after-state-change-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "This is a recall-based description; no sources were consulted.", "Verify supplier-specific purity, crystalline phase, particle-size distribution and safety classification before assigning properties or permitted uses.", "The numerical properties describe bulk alpha-alumina or corundum and should not be transferred directly to porous powders, coatings or composite products." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of aluminium oxide this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Alpha-alumina, the stable crystalline form with the corundum structure", "Transition aluminas, including gamma, delta and theta phases", "Amorphous alumina", "Activated alumina, a porous adsorbent material", "Fused alumina, produced by melting and solidification", "High-purity alumina grades" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of aluminium oxide this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Chemical formula", "value_or_pattern": "Al₂O₃", "note": "Specifies composition but does not distinguish crystal structure, porosity or grade." }, { "scheme": "CAS Registry Number", "value_or_pattern": "1344-28-1", "note": "Common identifier for aluminium oxide; verify the identity assigned to a particular commercial material." }, { "scheme": "EC number", "value_or_pattern": "215-691-6", "note": "European substance identifier for aluminium oxide." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of aluminium oxide this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Feedstock for aluminium production by electrolysis after dissolution in a molten fluoride electrolyte", "Abrasives for grinding, polishing and blasting", "Refractory linings and other high-temperature components", "Electrical insulators, ceramic substrates and wear-resistant engineering parts", "Adsorbents and catalyst supports in porous grades" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of aluminium oxide this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Melting point", "typical_range": "Approximately 2072", "unit": "°C" }, { "quantity": "Density of dense alpha-alumina near room temperature", "typical_range": "Approximately 3.98", "unit": "g/cm³" }, { "quantity": "Mohs hardness of corundum", "typical_range": "9", "unit": "Mohs scale" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of aluminium oxide this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Airborne dust can irritate the respiratory tract and eyes; exposure assessment depends on particle size and material composition.", "Dense alumina ceramics are brittle and can fracture under impact or tensile loading.", "Rapid or uneven temperature changes can cause thermal-shock cracking.", "Porous transition aluminas can lose surface area and adsorption performance through sintering and phase transformation at elevated temperatures.", "Impurities, porosity and grain-boundary phases can impair electrical insulation, mechanical strength and chemical resistance." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of aluminium oxide this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "The spelling 'aluminum oxide' is common in the United States; 'aluminium oxide' is common internationally.", "Occupational dust limits and substance-registration requirements depend on jurisdiction and the specific material supplied." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of aluminium oxide this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Aluminium", "difference": "Aluminium is the metallic element Al; aluminium oxide is its oxygen-containing compound Al₂O₃." }, { "name": "Aluminium hydroxide", "difference": "Aluminium hydroxide has composition Al(OH)₃ and can yield alumina through thermal decomposition." }, { "name": "Bauxite", "difference": "Bauxite is a heterogeneous ore rich in aluminium-bearing minerals, rather than a single compound with formula Al₂O₃." }, { "name": "Corundum", "difference": "Corundum is the mineral species corresponding to crystalline alpha-Al₂O₃; aluminium oxide also includes other structural forms." }, { "name": "Sapphire and ruby", "difference": "These are varieties of corundum distinguished by colour and impurity chemistry, rather than separate base compounds." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of aluminium oxide this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Which existing Vercy world model or registry relationships already cover alumina, corundum and sapphire, and how should this entry link to them without duplicating substance identity?", "Which authoritative identifiers and jurisdiction-specific safety records apply to aluminium oxide and to the commercial forms this model must support?", "Which phase-identification methods and confidence criteria are sufficient for poorly crystalline, mixed-phase or activated alumina?", "Which reference property values can be supported for specified phases and grades, particularly thermal endpoints, and which must remain sample-specific measurements?", "What application-specific impurity, moisture, particle-size and porosity thresholds distinguish the grades that downstream agents need to qualify?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 18, "questions": 28 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "chemical substance or material", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a aluminium oxide, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to recognise aluminium oxide, assess how its composition, phase and physical form affect its state and suitability, and determine what handling or use is supported by evidence.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "natural", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured", "consumed or used up" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Described in 70 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a aluminium oxide, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state", "use it up, and then need more of it" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Not recognisable by sight in any reliable way. Appearance varies with grade, form and additives; identification is by label, by documentation, or by assay." ], "relatedModels": [], "standing": "Described in 70 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one aluminium oxide from another, and a aluminium oxide from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a aluminium oxide, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a aluminium oxide, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a aluminium oxide is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a aluminium oxide, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a aluminium oxide, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a aluminium oxide is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a aluminium oxide sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a aluminium oxide, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a aluminium oxide, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a aluminium oxide is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a aluminium oxide from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a aluminium oxide, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a aluminium oxide, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a aluminium oxide is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a aluminium oxide is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a aluminium oxide, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a aluminium oxide, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a aluminium oxide is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a aluminium oxide is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a aluminium oxide, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a aluminium oxide, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a aluminium oxide is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a aluminium oxide is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a aluminium oxide, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a aluminium oxide, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a aluminium oxide is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a aluminium oxide is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a aluminium oxide is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a aluminium oxide, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a aluminium oxide, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a aluminium oxide is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a aluminium oxide is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a aluminium oxide, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a aluminium oxide, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a aluminium oxide is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a aluminium oxide passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a aluminium oxide between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a aluminium oxide, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a aluminium oxide, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a aluminium oxide is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a aluminium oxide, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a aluminium oxide is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a aluminium oxide, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a aluminium oxide, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a aluminium oxide is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "use-and-operation", "name": "Use and operation", "description": "What can be done with a aluminium oxide and what it takes to do it.", "rationale": "An agent that can recognise a thing but not act on it has only half a model.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-use", "name": "Intended use and function", "description": "What a aluminium oxide is for, and what it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-and-purpose", "name": "Function, purpose and misuse", "description": "The function a aluminium oxide performs and the uses that fall outside it.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-and-purpose-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the use of a aluminium oxide, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "function-and-purpose-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the use of a aluminium oxide, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "function-and-purpose-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the use of a aluminium oxide is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "handling-and-procedure", "name": "Handling and procedure", "description": "The steps, skills and tools involved in using a aluminium oxide.", "findings": [ { "id": "procedures-and-skills", "name": "Procedures, skills and required tools", "description": "What an agent needs before it can act on a aluminium oxide at all.", "questions": [ { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes handling a aluminium oxide, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about handling a aluminium oxide, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once handling a aluminium oxide is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "supply-and-consumption", "name": "Supply and consumption", "description": "Quantities, rates and what running out means.", "findings": [ { "id": "consumption-and-stock", "name": "Consumption, stock and replenishment", "description": "How much of a aluminium oxide there is and how fast it goes.", "questions": [ { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the supply of a aluminium oxide, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the supply of a aluminium oxide, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the supply of a aluminium oxide is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "composition-and-identity", "name": "Composition, grade and chemical identity", "description": "What aluminium oxide is made of and how pure the thing in hand is.", "rationale": "Grade decides what a substance may be used for, so a model that records only the name cannot support any decision about use.", "layers": [ { "id": "chemical-identity", "name": "Chemical identity", "description": "Formula, structure and the registry numbers that name it unambiguously.", "findings": [ { "id": "identity-record", "name": "Identity and registry numbers", "description": "What identifies this substance across suppliers and regulators.", "questions": [ { "id": "identity-record-q01", "text": "What formula, structure and registry identifiers name aluminium oxide unambiguously?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "identity-record-q02", "text": "Which related substances share a name in common use but not an identifier?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "grade-and-impurities", "name": "Grade, purity and impurities", "description": "The specification a batch meets and what else is in it.", "findings": [ { "id": "specification", "name": "Specification and assay", "description": "How purity is stated and measured, and which impurities matter.", "questions": [ { "id": "specification-q01", "text": "What grades of aluminium oxide exist, how is purity assayed, and which impurities are limited?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "specification-q02", "text": "Which use requires which grade, and what happens when a lower grade is substituted?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "properties-and-behaviour", "name": "Properties and behaviour", "description": "How aluminium oxide behaves under conditions an agent can measure or change.", "rationale": "Physical constants are the part of a substance model that transfers between contexts, and each needs its unit and its conditions.", "layers": [ { "id": "physical-constants", "name": "Physical constants", "description": "Values that hold for the pure substance, with their conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "constants-record", "name": "Constants and conditions", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the state they apply in.", "questions": [ { "id": "constants-record-q01", "text": "What are the defining physical constants of aluminium oxide, in what units and under what conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "constants-record-q02", "text": "Which of these values change with grade or form rather than being fixed?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "stability-and-reactivity", "name": "Stability and reactivity", "description": "What it reacts with, degrades into, and how it is stored.", "findings": [ { "id": "incompatibilities", "name": "Incompatibilities and degradation", "description": "What must not meet it, and what it becomes over time.", "questions": [ { "id": "incompatibilities-q01", "text": "What is aluminium oxide incompatible with, and what does it degrade into under storage?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "incompatibilities-q02", "text": "What storage and handling does that require, and who is competent to do it?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "hazard-and-regulation", "name": "Hazard classification and regulation", "description": "How aluminium oxide can harm, and what the law says about holding and moving it.", "rationale": "A substance model without its hazard class and its regulatory identity is unusable in exactly the situations that matter.", "layers": [ { "id": "hazard-class", "name": "Hazard classification", "description": "Classified hazards, exposure limits and protective measures.", "findings": [ { "id": "classified-hazards", "name": "Classified hazards and limits", "description": "The classification, the scheme it belongs to, and the limits set.", "questions": [ { "id": "classified-hazards-q01", "text": "How is aluminium oxide classified for hazard, under which scheme, and what exposure limits apply?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "classified-hazards-q02", "text": "What protection does handling require, and what must an agent refuse to do without it?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "regulatory-identity", "name": "Regulatory identity and control", "description": "Registration, restriction and transport rules by jurisdiction.", "findings": [ { "id": "controls", "name": "Controls and jurisdiction", "description": "Where it is restricted and what the restriction attaches to.", "questions": [ { "id": "controls-q01", "text": "Which registrations, restrictions or transport rules cover aluminium oxide, and where?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "controls-q02", "text": "Does the control attach to the substance, its concentration, or its intended use?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a aluminium oxide came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a aluminium oxide and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a aluminium oxide, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a aluminium oxide, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a aluminium oxide is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a aluminium oxide is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a aluminium oxide, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a aluminium oxide, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a aluminium oxide is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 9, "layers": 20, "findings": 22, "questions": 60 } } } }