{ "model": { "rank": 5875, "code": "thing-q178243", "model_id": "vr.tr.musket", "name": "musket", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a musket, assess its identity and physical state, and determine appropriate documentation, conservation, handling and referral actions.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.OBJ", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q178243/", "tier": 2, "score": 64, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "rifled musket", "flintlock musket", "matchlock musket", "wheellock musket", "snaphance musket", "Jezail", "Musket Model 1777", "Tançica", "Charleville musket poto", "Jingal", "Model 1795 Musket", "Model 1816 Musket", "Springfield Model 1842", "Springfield Model 1812 Musket", "Springfield Model 1840 flintlock musket", "Augustin Infantry Musket Model 1842", "Model 1822 Musket", "M1752 Musket", "Springfield Model 1835", "Springfield musket", "Winder musket", "Fusil de chasse", "Pattern 1861 Enfield musketoon", "Vereinsgewehr 1857", "Fayetteville rifle", "Springfield Model 1863", "M1841 Mississippi rifle in civil war", "Richmond rifle" ], "aliasCount": 28, "merged": 28, "knownIn": 64, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q178243", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178243", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T09:48:53Z", "providers": [ "Codex", "Grok" ], "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "usd": 0.04253422, "turns": 3, "seconds": 133.9, "error": null }, "codex": { "seconds": 86.9, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07b43-41e1-7180-bd9a-40d9f3f5c2be\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: musket\nRegistry id: vr.tr.musket\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.OBJ\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\nA Vercy mod" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q178243", "registryId": "vr.tr.musket", "name": "musket", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.OBJ" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q178243/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.musket", "name": "musket", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a musket, assess its identity and physical state, and determine appropriate documentation, conservation, handling and referral actions.", "definition": "A musket is a muzzle-loaded infantry long gun that began in the early 16th century as a heavy smoothbore rest-fired variant of the arquebus made to pierce plate armour, then became the generic military shoulder arm of that form - smoothbore until the Minié-ball rifled musket of the mid-19th century - until breech-loading cartridge rifles displaced it.", "scope_statement": "This model owns an individual musket as an assembled physical artefact, including its historically supported classification, configuration, alterations, condition and handling constraints; uncertain identifications remain explicit.", "in_scope": [ "Identification as a musket, including disputed boundaries with rifle-muskets and other shoulder arms", "Barrel, stock, lock, furniture and attachment interfaces as parts of the assembled artefact", "Original configuration, later conversions, repairs and replacement components", "Observed condition, completeness and uncertainty about loaded status", "Markings, provenance and evidence supporting attribution", "Constraints on examination, conservation, display and authorised handling" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Ammunition, propellant and ignition consumables as separately managed things", "Detached bayonets, slings and other accessories as independent artefacts", "Firing, loading, repair or restoration procedures", "Military units, battles and drill systems beyond their evidenced relationship to this musket", "Firearms legislation and licensing systems beyond applicable determinations linked to this item" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Establish whether the artefact is a long shoulder arm through its stock and overall configuration; a muzzle-loading pistol does not become a musket by sharing its ignition system.", "Record the loading arrangement and any conversion evidence; distinguish a muzzle-loading configuration from a later breech-loading conversion while preserving the item's earlier identity.", "Use documented designation together with observed bore form to distinguish a smoothbore musket, rifled musket, rifle-musket or other rifle; rifling alone does not settle historical classification.", "Compare dimensions, fittings, markings and documented intended role when distinguishing a musket from a carbine or fowling piece; no single fitting or length should decide the classification.", "Distinguish an original, composite, reproduction or inert representation through construction evidence and provenance rather than aged appearance." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Supported classification", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "musket; possible musket; disputed adjacent classification; unassessed", "why_it_matters": "Controls whether this model applies without concealing historical naming ambiguity." }, { "name": "Recorded historical designation", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Links to attributable pattern names, inventory descriptions or historical classifications", "why_it_matters": "Separates evidenced terminology from a modern visual identification." }, { "name": "Loading configuration", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "muzzle-loading; converted to breech-loading; other; undetermined", "why_it_matters": "Supports recognition and identifies alterations that may change classification and handling requirements." }, { "name": "Ignition mechanism", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "matchlock; wheellock; flintlock; percussion; other identified mechanism; undetermined", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes configurations and helps detect a mismatch between the current lock and claimed history." }, { "name": "Bore form", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "smooth; rifled; altered; unobserved; indeterminate", "why_it_matters": "Informs classification and conversion history without treating bore form as decisive on its own." }, { "name": "Dimensions", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Overall length and barrel length in mm, with method and uncertainty", "why_it_matters": "Supports pattern comparison and recognition of shortening or component mismatch." }, { "name": "Recorded calibre or bore diameter", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Historical designation as recorded; measured diameter in mm only when safely established", "why_it_matters": "Supports attribution while keeping nominal calibre separate from physical measurement." }, { "name": "Component relationships", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Links between this artefact and its barrel, lock, stock, furniture and associated accessories", "why_it_matters": "Allows assessment of completeness, substitutions and composite construction." }, { "name": "Condition by component", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Dated observations of corrosion, cracking, loss, looseness and previous treatment", "why_it_matters": "Determines conservation and support needs without assuming mechanical safety from appearance." }, { "name": "Loaded-status determination", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "unknown; suspected loaded; confirmed loaded; confirmed unloaded, each with assessor, date and evidential basis", "why_it_matters": "Prevents an undocumented assumption from authorising handling or mechanical manipulation." }, { "name": "Functional or deactivation status", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "unassessed; documented assessment; documented deactivation with scope and authority", "why_it_matters": "Separates appearance, mechanical condition and formal determinations." } ], "affordances": [ "Compare documented and observed features to propose an identification with explicit confidence.", "Record markings and externally visible construction without unnecessary manipulation.", "Associate components and accessories while distinguishing present attachment from historical association.", "Identify condition changes and refer conservation or firearms-safety questions to qualified specialists.", "Determine whether proposed handling, display or movement is supported by current assessments and applicable permissions." ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "wikipedia-musket", "title": "Musket", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musket", "what_it_supports": "Definition, etymology, lock types, ammunition, tactics, Asian and New Zealand use, replacement by the rifle, and published ballistic ranges.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "wikidata-q178243", "title": "musket (Q178243)", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178243", "what_it_supports": "Canonical identifier and Dewey class 623.4425 for the muzzle-loaded long-gun sense.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "wikipedia-rifled-musket", "title": "Rifled musket", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rifled_musket", "what_it_supports": "Distinction among smoothbore musket, rifled musket (converted barrel), and rifle-musket (new-made rifled infantry arm).", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "wikipedia-brown-bess", "title": "Brown Bess", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_Bess", "what_it_supports": "British Land Pattern family, .75 in calibre, barrel-length variants, and service span 1722-1836.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "nps-fort-scott", "title": "Weapons-Evolution of Weapons", "url": "https://www.nps.gov/fosc/learn/education/weaponevolution.htm", "what_it_supports": "US infantry shift from flintlock smoothbores to percussion and the 1850s delay in adopting rifles because fouling slowed muzzle loading.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "wikipedia-springfield-1812", "title": "Springfield Model 1812 Musket", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield_Model_1812_Musket", "what_it_supports": "Typical .69 in US pattern dimensions, mass, rate of fire, velocity, and effective range.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "govuk-firearms-guide", "title": "Guide on firearms licensing law (accessible)", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/firearms-law-guidance-to-the-police-2012/guide-on-firearms-licensing-law-accessible-version", "what_it_supports": "UK Firearms Act controls, Proof House certification of adapted smoothbores, and deactivated-firearm marking.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "uksi-2021-1381", "title": "The Antique Firearms (Amendment) Regulations 2021", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2021/1381/made", "what_it_supports": "UK antique exemption under Firearms Act 1968 s.58, cartridge lists that determine whether an old arm is an antique or a licensed firearm.", "url_status": "live" } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "musket-identity", "name": "Musket identity", "description": "Evidence that the artefact belongs within the musket entry and supports a particular designation.", "rationale": "Musket terminology intersects with rifle, carbine and sporting-arm classifications and cannot be resolved from one visible feature.", "layers": [ { "id": "classification-boundary", "name": "Classification boundary", "description": "The relationship between the musket classification, historical terminology and physical evidence.", "findings": [ { "id": "musket-attribution", "name": "Musket attribution", "description": "Record the proposed classification, supporting evidence and plausible alternatives.", "questions": [ { "text": "What documented designation or combination of observed features supports identifying this artefact as a musket?", "kind": "definition", "id": "musket-attribution-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence distinguishes it from a rifle, carbine, fowling piece or muzzle-loading pistol?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "musket-attribution-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "pattern-attribution", "name": "Pattern attribution", "description": "Support for assigning the musket to a named pattern, regional type or production tradition.", "findings": [ { "id": "pattern-evidence", "name": "Pattern evidence", "description": "Record comparisons and uncertainties without forcing an unidentified musket into a named service pattern.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which references support the proposed pattern or type, and which observed features disagree with that attribution?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "pattern-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Which safely recorded dimensions would discriminate between the competing attributions?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "pattern-evidence-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "barrel-lock-stock-configuration", "name": "Barrel, lock and stock configuration", "description": "The musket's present configuration and relationships among its principal parts.", "rationale": "Recognition and condition assessment depend on the actual assembly, which may differ from a nominal pattern.", "layers": [ { "id": "barrel-and-loading-form", "name": "Barrel and loading form", "description": "Observed or documented barrel characteristics and loading arrangement.", "findings": [ { "id": "barrel-configuration-evidence", "name": "Barrel configuration evidence", "description": "Keep directly established barrel properties separate from nominal specifications and inaccessible features.", "questions": [ { "text": "What evidence establishes the loading arrangement and bore form, and which features remain unobserved?", "kind": "definition", "id": "barrel-configuration-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "What barrel length and calibre information is available, and does each value come from measurement, markings or a pattern reference?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "barrel-configuration-evidence-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "lock-stock-and-fittings", "name": "Lock, stock and fittings", "description": "The ignition mechanism, supporting stock and fittings associated with this assembly.", "findings": [ { "id": "assembly-completeness", "name": "Assembly completeness", "description": "Record present, absent and uncertain components against the supported configuration.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which lock, stock, barrel-retention, ramrod-retention, sling and bayonet-interface features are present on this musket?", "kind": "definition", "id": "assembly-completeness-q01" }, { "text": "Which apparently missing parts are supported as expected by evidence for this configuration rather than by a generic musket checklist?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "assembly-completeness-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "manufacture-and-transformation", "name": "Manufacture and transformation", "description": "Evidence for the musket's origin and changes to its configuration over time.", "rationale": "Conversions and replacement parts can make the musket's present appearance misleading about its manufacture and history.", "layers": [ { "id": "markings-and-origin", "name": "Markings and origin", "description": "Attribution through inscriptions, stamps, construction and documentary records.", "findings": [ { "id": "attributable-markings", "name": "Attributable markings", "description": "Record each marking's location, legibility, interpretation and evidential limits.", "questions": [ { "text": "What maker, inspection, proof, ownership or inventory markings can be recorded without disassembly?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "attributable-markings-q01" }, { "text": "Does each marking identify the whole musket, a particular component or a later event in its history?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "attributable-markings-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "conversions-and-composites", "name": "Conversions and composites", "description": "Changes to ignition, barrel, stock or component composition.", "findings": [ { "id": "configuration-sequence", "name": "Configuration sequence", "description": "Represent evidenced changes while leaving their sequence or purpose unresolved where necessary.", "questions": [ { "text": "What evidence supports ignition conversion, rifling, shortening, breech-loading conversion, restocking or replacement of major components?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "configuration-sequence-q01" }, { "text": "Which changes can be attributed to historical service, later repair, collecting practice or reproduction manufacture, and which cannot yet be dated?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "configuration-sequence-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-conservation", "name": "Condition and conservation", "description": "Material condition and preservation constraints specific to the assembled musket.", "rationale": "Deterioration of the barrel, lock and wooden stock can affect both historical evidence and safe physical support.", "layers": [ { "id": "component-deterioration", "name": "Component deterioration", "description": "Dated condition observations at the musket's metal, wood and attachment points.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-distribution", "name": "Condition distribution", "description": "Locate defects and distinguish observed stability from areas that have not been assessed.", "questions": [ { "text": "Where are corrosion, stock cracks, material losses or loose attachments visible, particularly around the lock, wrist and barrel supports?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "condition-distribution-q01" }, { "text": "Which defects or inaccessible areas require specialist assessment before the musket can be moved or supported?", "kind": "action", "id": "condition-distribution-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "preservation-of-evidence", "name": "Preservation of evidence", "description": "Treatments and support decisions that may affect surfaces, markings and historical alterations.", "findings": [ { "id": "conservation-constraints", "name": "Conservation constraints", "description": "Record prior interventions and evidence that a proposed treatment or display arrangement must protect.", "questions": [ { "text": "What cleaning, refinishing, coating or repair treatments are documented, and what remains uncertain about their effects?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "conservation-constraints-q01" }, { "text": "What conservation assessment is needed before treatment or display mounting could affect markings, finishes, stock integrity or conversion evidence?", "kind": "action", "id": "conservation-constraints-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "handling-and-authority", "name": "Handling and authority", "description": "Evidence and permissions governing examination, movement and display of this musket.", "rationale": "Age, corrosion and museum presentation do not establish loaded status, mechanical safety or legal classification.", "layers": [ { "id": "firearm-status-assessment", "name": "Firearm status assessment", "description": "Qualified determinations concerning loaded status, functional condition and deactivation.", "findings": [ { "id": "assessment-scope", "name": "Assessment scope", "description": "Keep separate assessments distinct and identify the actions each actually supports.", "questions": [ { "text": "Who established the musket's loaded status, when, and on what documented basis?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "assessment-scope-q01" }, { "text": "What handling or examination restrictions follow from unknown status, known defects or the limited scope of a functional or deactivation assessment?", "kind": "action", "id": "assessment-scope-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "custody-and-permitted-actions", "name": "Custody and permitted actions", "description": "Item-specific custody, jurisdictional determinations and institutional permissions.", "findings": [ { "id": "action-eligibility", "name": "Action eligibility", "description": "Connect a proposed action to current authority and the musket's assessed physical state.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which current custodial permissions and jurisdiction-specific determinations apply to this musket's configuration and documented status?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "action-eligibility-q01" }, { "text": "Is the proposed examination, movement, loan or display supported by those permissions and the latest condition and safety assessments?", "kind": "action", "id": "action-eligibility-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "16th-century heavy rest musket (fork-rest armour-piercing arquebus)", "matchlock musket", "flintlock infantry pattern musket (British Land Pattern/Brown Bess, French Charleville, Prussian Potsdam, US Springfield)", "percussion-lock musket and flint-to-percussion conversion", "rifled musket / rifle-musket (Minié-ball infantry arm)", "musketoon (short infantry or cavalry variant)", "caliver / light musket (standardised calibre, no rest)", "trade musket (cheap commercial/colonial smoothbore)" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of musket this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Wikidata", "value_or_pattern": "Q178243", "note": "Item for the muzzle-loaded long-gun firearm, not the racehorse or band." }, { "scheme": "Dewey Decimal Classification", "value_or_pattern": "623.4425", "note": "Class recorded on the Wikidata item." }, { "scheme": "British Board of Ordnance / War Department marks", "value_or_pattern": "crown-and-cipher on the lock; Tower, Dublin Castle or Enfield; broad arrow with BO (to 1855) or WO", "note": "Ownership and arsenal marks on Land Pattern and later British service muskets." }, { "scheme": "National pattern / model designation", "value_or_pattern": "e.g. Long/Short Land Pattern, India Pattern; French Models 1717-1822 (Charleville); Springfield Models 1795-1842; Potsdam 1723/1740/1809/1831", "note": "The practical catalogue keys used by armourers and collectors." }, { "scheme": "Nominal infantry calibre", "value_or_pattern": ".75 in British; .69 in French and US; about .71-.78 in Prussian Potsdam series", "note": "Pattern identifier more than a measured chambering; balls were undersized for fouling." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of musket this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "UK Gun Barrel Proof Acts and the London and Birmingham Proof Houses (later CIP-aligned) govern whether a barrel may legally be sold as in-proof.", "UK Firearms Act 1968 s.58 antique exemption, specified by the Antique Firearms Regulations 2021 (as amended 2021), decides when an original musket is a curiosity rather than a licensed firearm.", "Historical military pattern specifications issued by the British Board of Ordnance, French royal manufactures (Charleville, Maubeuge), Prussian royal arsenals (Potsdam, Spandau), and the US Ordnance Department / Springfield Armory.", "CIP proof of newly made replica muzzle-loaders sold as firearms in CIP member states.", "National explosives rules for black powder used in live firing (UK Home Office/HSE carriage guidance is the example actually seen)." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of musket this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Line-infantry and light-infantry service from the 16th to mid-19th centuries: paper-cartridge loading, volley fire, and socket bayonet.", "Museum collections and battlefield archaeology (barrels, locks, lead balls, ball moulds).", "Living-history and battle reenactment with originals, reproductions, or deactivated arms.", "Licensed muzzle-loading target shooting and black-powder sport.", "Antique collecting; trade-gun use in colonial and Indigenous wars, including the Māori Musket Wars." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of musket this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "bore / nominal calibre", "typical_range": "17.5-19 (common infantry .69-.75 in; Prussian patterns to about 20)", "unit": "mm" }, { "quantity": "overall length", "typical_range": "1.28-1.57 (infantry patterns; Charleville about 1.52)", "unit": "m" }, { "quantity": "barrel length", "typical_range": "0.66-1.17 (Brown Bess family 26-46 in; Springfield 1812 42 in)", "unit": "m" }, { "quantity": "mass", "typical_range": "4.1-4.9", "unit": "kg" }, { "quantity": "trained rate of fire", "typical_range": "2-3", "unit": "rounds/min" }, { "quantity": "smoothbore effective point-target range", "typical_range": "46-91 (about 50-100 yd)", "unit": "m" }, { "quantity": "muzzle velocity", "typical_range": "300-540 (Springfield 1812 often cited 300-370)", "unit": "m/s" }, { "quantity": "projectile kinetic energy", "typical_range": "1600-4000", "unit": "J" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of musket this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Misfire or hangfire from damp powder, a worn flint, or a fouled pan.", "Flash-in-the-pan: primer burns without igniting the main charge.", "Barrel burst from an obstruction, a double load, or a pitted/out-of-proof tube.", "Black-powder fouling that jams the next ball, worse in rifled bores before the Minié ball.", "Accidental ignition while loading, especially with a lighted match near loose powder.", "Lead-ball wounds, ricochet, and flight well beyond the aiming range (published maxima around 1,100 m).", "Corrosion taking a barrel out of proof; bayonet injury in close combat." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of musket this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "East Asia kept matchlocks as the standard form into the 19th century (Japanese tanegashima, Korean jochong, Chinese niaoqiang) where flintlocks were not adopted.", "Britain, France, Prussia and the United States issued competing national patterns and calibres (.75 / .69 / about .71-.78).", "South Asia and the wider Islamic world used long-barrel jezails and locally stocked matchlocks; Sri Lankan muskets often had a bifurcated stock, longer barrel and smaller calibre.", "New Zealand trade practice favoured short Birmingham muskets and double-barrel tuparra during the Musket Wars.", "In 16th-17th-century Europe the words musket and arquebus overlap; later vernaculars are mousquet, mosquete, Muskete, senapan lontak." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of musket this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "name": "arquebus", "difference": "Lighter 15th-16th-century shoulder gun; the musket began as the heavier rest-fired armour-piercing type, after which the two names were often used for the same arm." }, { "name": "rifle (purpose-built)", "difference": "Grooved barrel spinning a tightly fitted ball; slower to muzzle-load than a smoothbore until the Minié ball, so it stayed a specialist/skirmisher weapon while the musket remained the line arm." }, { "name": "rifled musket / rifle-musket", "difference": "Musket-length infantry arm rifled or converted for Minié ammunition; US armory usage reserved 'rifled musket' for converted smoothbores and 'rifle-musket' for new-made rifled copies of a musket pattern." }, { "name": "musketoon / carbine", "difference": "Short-barrelled relative issued to cavalry, artillery or naval parties; not the full-length infantry musket." }, { "name": "blunderbuss", "difference": "Flared muzzle intended for shot at short range, not a cylindrical-bore line-infantry volley weapon." }, { "name": "fusil", "difference": "Lighter flintlock long arm historically issued to troops who used flint rather than a lighted match; not the heavy musket of pike-and-shot." }, { "name": "wall gun", "difference": "Rampart or fortress piece of musket type but too heavy for ordinary infantry carry." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of musket this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does the registry intend musket to include rifle-muskets, rifled muskets and surviving breech-loading conversions, or should some be linked to neighbouring entries?", "Which authoritative historical and collection references should govern classification across regions and periods where musket terminology differs?", "Should reproductions and inert representations be instances of this thing with explicit status, or instances of neighbouring models linked to a musket design?", "What evidence is sufficient to distinguish original assembly, historical conversion and later composite construction when markings or provenance are incomplete?", "Which specialist assessment standards should govern loaded-status, condition and deactivation records in the jurisdictions where the model will be used?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 18, "questions": 28 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "device, machine or tool", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a musket, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a musket, assess its identity and physical state, and determine appropriate documentation, conservation, handling and referral actions.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "manufactured", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: rifled musket, flintlock musket, matchlock musket, wheellock musket, snaphance musket, Jezail, Musket Model 1777, Tançica, Charleville musket poto, Jingal, Model 1795 Musket, Model 1816 Musket.", "28 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 64 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a musket, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by form, by the arrangement of its controls, and by markings - a plate, a model number, a certification mark. Form alone rarely separates two models that do very different things." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "rifled musket", "flintlock musket", "matchlock musket", "wheellock musket", "snaphance musket", "Jezail", "Musket Model 1777", "Tançica", "Charleville musket poto", "Jingal", "Model 1795 Musket", "Model 1816 Musket" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 64 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 28 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one musket from another, and a musket from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a musket, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a musket, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a musket is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a musket, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a musket, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a musket is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a musket sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a musket, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a musket, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a musket is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a musket from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a musket, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a musket, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a musket is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a musket is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a musket, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a musket, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a musket is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a musket is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a musket, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a musket, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a musket is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a musket is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a musket, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a musket, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a musket is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a musket is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a musket is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a musket, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a musket, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a musket is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a musket is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a musket, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a musket, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a musket is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a musket passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a musket between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a musket, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a musket, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a musket is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a musket, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a musket is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a musket, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a musket, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a musket is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "function-and-principle", "name": "Function and operating principle", "description": "What musket is for and how it achieves it.", "rationale": "Two devices with the same name can work on different principles, and the principle is what predicts failure and constrains use.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-function", "name": "Intended function", "description": "The job it does, and the jobs it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-record", "name": "Function, principle and variants", "description": "What it does, how, and which variants do it differently.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-record-q01", "text": "What function does musket perform, on what operating principle, and which variants differ in that principle?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "function-record-q02", "text": "What use falls outside the intended function but happens in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "capacity-and-rating", "name": "Capacity and rating", "description": "The numbers that say what it can do and where it stops.", "findings": [ { "id": "ratings", "name": "Ratings and their conditions", "description": "Rated capacity, power, throughput and the conditions each assumes.", "questions": [ { "id": "ratings-q01", "text": "What ratings characterise musket, in what units, and under what stated conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "ratings-q02", "text": "What happens beyond the rating - degradation, refusal, damage - and how is that detected?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "operation-and-state", "name": "Operation, controls and state", "description": "How musket is operated and what state it is in right now.", "rationale": "An agent acting on a device needs its current state and the controls that change it, not just its specification.", "layers": [ { "id": "controls-and-modes", "name": "Controls and modes", "description": "What can be set, what that changes, and what is interlocked.", "findings": [ { "id": "control-surface", "name": "Control surface and interlocks", "description": "The settings available and the conditions that block them.", "questions": [ { "id": "control-surface-q01", "text": "What controls and modes does musket have, and what does each change?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "control-surface-q02", "text": "Which actions are interlocked or forbidden in which state, and what must be true before acting?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-maintenance", "name": "Condition and maintenance", "description": "Wear, service intervals, consumables and the line between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "service-record", "name": "Condition, service and consumables", "description": "What is consumed, what is serviced, and how condition is judged.", "questions": [ { "id": "service-record-q01", "text": "What consumables and service does musket need, at what interval, and on whose authority?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "service-record-q02", "text": "What evidence separates a unit that is working from one that is out of service?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "kind-model-unit", "name": "Kind, model and unit", "description": "Whether a claim about musket is about the kind, a product line, or one physical unit.", "rationale": "This is the boundary most often got wrong for made things, and getting it wrong mixes a catalogue entry with the machine in the yard.", "layers": [ { "id": "level-of-reference", "name": "Level of reference", "description": "The three levels and what belongs at each.", "findings": [ { "id": "level-rules", "name": "What belongs to kind, model and unit", "description": "Which properties are shared by all of them and which are not.", "questions": [ { "id": "level-rules-q01", "text": "Which facts about musket hold for every one of them, which for a model, and which only for one unit?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "level-rules-q02", "text": "What identifies an individual unit, and what should an agent do when it has only the kind?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "standards-and-conformity", "name": "Standards and conformity", "description": "The standards a working example must meet and who attests it.", "findings": [ { "id": "conformity", "name": "Standards, marks and attestation", "description": "Which standard applies, who certifies, and what the mark means.", "questions": [ { "id": "conformity-q01", "text": "Which standards govern musket, issued by whom, and what does conformity actually assert?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "conformity-q02", "text": "What may an agent conclude from a certification mark, and what may it not?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a musket came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a musket and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a musket, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a musket, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a musket is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a musket is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a musket, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a musket, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a musket is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }