{ "model": { "rank": 2981, "code": "thing-q178694", "model_id": "vr.tr.heredity", "name": "heredity", "purpose": "Let an agent explain heredity and inheritance patterns in general terms, point people to genetic counselling for personal questions, and reject misuse of heredity for eugenic or discriminatory claims.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Activities and processes", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "ACT", "domain": "ACT.PRC", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q178694/", "tier": 2, "score": 93, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "Mendelian inheritance", "autosomal dominant", "codominant", "autosomal recessive", "X-linked recessive", "oligogenic inheritance", "paternal inheritance", "maternal inheritance", "mtDNA transmission", "X-linked dominant", "inheritance pattern", "uniparental inheritance", "genetic linkage", "adenylosuccinase lyase deficiency" ], "aliasCount": 14, "merged": 14, "knownIn": 93, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.heredity-attribute", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q178694", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178694", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T13:26:00Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 1, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q178694", "registryId": "vr.tr.heredity", "name": "heredity", "version": "0.2.0-wave.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "ACT.PRC" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q178694/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.heredity", "name": "heredity", "purpose": "Let an agent explain heredity and inheritance patterns in general terms, point people to genetic counselling for personal questions, and reject misuse of heredity for eugenic or discriminatory claims.", "definition": "The passing of genetic traits from parents to offspring through genes, following patterns such as autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, X-linked, codominant, polygenic and multifactorial inheritance, and interacting with environment and, in some cases, epigenetic effects.", "what_it_is_for": "Genetics, medicine, breeding and evolution.", "affordances": [ "explain inheritance patterns with examples", "calculate simple Mendelian probabilities", "find genetic counselling services", "understand genes and environment together" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Transmission through genes", "Several inheritance patterns", "Probabilistic", "Interacts with environment" ], "appearance": "Not visible directly; seen in family resemblances, pedigrees and genetic tests.", "visual_identification": [ "Pedigree charts", "Punnett squares", "Learned behaviour is not genetic inheritance" ], "physical_properties": [], "families_and_kinds": [ "Mendelian inheritance", "X-linked and mitochondrial inheritance", "codominance and incomplete dominance", "polygenic and multifactorial inheritance", "epigenetic inheritance (debated scope)" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "evolutionary process", "why": "category" }, { "relation": "is carried by", "target": "gene", "why": "unit" }, { "relation": "is studied by", "target": "genetics", "why": "field" }, { "relation": "is related to", "target": "descent-relation", "why": "kinship" } ], "identifiers": [], "standards_and_regulation": [ "Genetic testing and counselling standards", "Laws against genetic discrimination", "Oviedo Convention on human rights and biomedicine" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Genetic determinism and eugenic claims", "Agents interpreting personal genetic risk", "Over-interpreting consumer tests" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "patterns", "name": "Patterns", "description": "Inheritance patterns.", "rationale": "Patterns guide expectations.", "layers": [ { "id": "mendelian", "name": "Mendelian", "description": "Dominant and recessive.", "findings": [ { "id": "mendelian-finding", "name": "Mendelian", "description": "Mendelian patterns.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does this trait follow a dominant, recessive or X-linked pattern?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "What are the probabilities for offspring in a textbook example?", "kind": "measurement" } ] } ] }, { "id": "complex", "name": "Complex", "description": "Polygenic traits.", "findings": [ { "id": "complex-finding", "name": "Complex", "description": "Complex traits.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the trait polygenic or multifactorial, with environmental influence?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "What does heritability mean and not mean?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "personal", "name": "Personal", "description": "Family questions.", "rationale": "Counselling helps.", "layers": [ { "id": "counselling", "name": "Counselling", "description": "Genetic counselling.", "findings": [ { "id": "counselling-finding", "name": "Counselling", "description": "Genetic counselling.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the user asking about a condition in their own family or pregnancy?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "text": "How can they access genetic counselling?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "tests", "name": "Tests", "description": "Genetic tests.", "findings": [ { "id": "tests-finding", "name": "Tests", "description": "Genetic tests.", "questions": [ { "text": "What can clinical and consumer genetic tests tell and not tell?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "text": "Which privacy issues arise?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "science", "name": "Science", "description": "Genetics.", "rationale": "Mechanisms explain heredity.", "layers": [ { "id": "genes", "name": "Genes", "description": "DNA and chromosomes.", "findings": [ { "id": "genes-finding", "name": "Genes", "description": "Genes.", "questions": [ { "text": "How are genes passed on through meiosis and fertilisation?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "What role do chromosomes play?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "epigenetics", "name": "Epigenetics", "description": "Beyond DNA sequence.", "findings": [ { "id": "epigenetics-finding", "name": "Epigenetics", "description": "Epigenetics.", "questions": [ { "text": "What evidence exists for transgenerational epigenetic inheritance in humans?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "How strong is it?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "ethics", "name": "Ethics", "description": "Misuse.", "rationale": "Heredity has been misused.", "layers": [ { "id": "eugenics", "name": "Eugenics", "description": "Historical misuse.", "findings": [ { "id": "eugenics-finding", "name": "Eugenics", "description": "Eugenics.", "questions": [ { "text": "How was heredity misused in eugenics, according to historians?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "How should the agent reject claims ranking groups by heredity?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "discrimination", "name": "Discrimination", "description": "Genetic discrimination.", "findings": [ { "id": "discrimination-finding", "name": "Discrimination", "description": "Genetic discrimination.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which laws protect people from genetic discrimination here?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Where can concerns be raised?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should inheritance patterns be separate entries?", "How should genetic counselling services be linked?", "How should epigenetic claims be framed?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a heredity, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent explain heredity and inheritance patterns in general terms, point people to genetic counselling for personal questions, and reject misuse of heredity for eugenic or discriminatory claims.", "characteristics": { "substance": "activity", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: Mendelian inheritance, autosomal dominant, codominant, autosomal recessive, X-linked recessive, oligogenic inheritance, paternal inheritance, maternal inheritance, mtDNA transmission, X-linked dominant, inheritance pattern, uniparental inheritance.", "14 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 93 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a heredity, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "something that happens over time", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "Mendelian inheritance", "autosomal dominant", "codominant", "autosomal recessive", "X-linked recessive", "oligogenic inheritance", "paternal inheritance", "maternal inheritance", "mtDNA transmission", "X-linked dominant", "inheritance pattern", "uniparental inheritance" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 93 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 14 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one heredity from another, and a heredity from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a heredity, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a heredity, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a heredity is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a heredity, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a heredity, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a heredity is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a heredity sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a heredity, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a heredity, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a heredity is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a heredity from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a heredity, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a heredity, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a heredity is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a heredity passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a heredity between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a heredity, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a heredity, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a heredity is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a heredity, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a heredity is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a heredity, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a heredity, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a heredity is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "process-and-outcome", "name": "Process, inputs and outcome", "description": "How a heredity proceeds, what it needs and what it leaves behind.", "rationale": "An activity is known by its steps and its results, and both have to be recordable while it is still running.", "layers": [ { "id": "steps-and-sequence", "name": "Steps and sequence", "description": "The steps of a heredity, their order and what may run in parallel.", "findings": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions", "name": "Steps, preconditions and completion", "description": "What has to be true before each step of a heredity and what marks it done.", "questions": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a step of a heredity, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a step of a heredity, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a step of a heredity is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-results", "name": "Inputs, resources and results", "description": "What a heredity consumes and what it produces.", "findings": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs", "name": "Inputs, outputs and side effects", "description": "The resources a heredity takes and the results it leaves, wanted or not.", "questions": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the inputs and results of a heredity, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the inputs and results of a heredity, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the inputs and results of a heredity is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What heredity is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of heredity are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is heredity operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of heredity and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of heredity?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as heredity?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a heredity came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a heredity and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a heredity, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a heredity, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a heredity is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a heredity is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a heredity, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a heredity, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a heredity is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }