{ "model": { "rank": 4677, "code": "thing-q179388", "model_id": "vr.tr.heat-capacity", "name": "heat capacity", "purpose": "Enable an agent to identify, compare and apply heat-capacity descriptions only when the system, thermal state, process constraints and measurement basis make them valid.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Cross-cutting context", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "XCT", "domain": "XCT.QLT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q179388/", "tier": 2, "score": 73, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "heat capacity at constant pressure", "heat capacity at constant volume", "electron heat capacity" ], "aliasCount": 3, "merged": 3, "knownIn": 73, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q179388", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179388", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T20:46:12Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 20.8, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a087ea-e6d7-7601-9799-50fbe4257c6d\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: heat capacity\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: XCT.QLT\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 1001 things:\n# Batch 005: 1001 r", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 59.4, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a087ea-e6d7-7c43-835f-4525cb2ffe1e\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: heat capacity\nRegistry id: vr.tr.heat-capacity\nPlane / domain: XCT / XCT.QLT\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q179388", "registryId": "vr.tr.heat-capacity", "name": "heat capacity", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "XCT.QLT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q179388/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.heat-capacity", "name": "heat capacity", "purpose": "Enable an agent to identify, compare and apply heat-capacity descriptions only when the system, thermal state, process constraints and measurement basis make them valid.", "definition": "Heat capacity is the heat transferred to a system per infinitesimal increase in its temperature under specified process constraints, commonly constant volume or constant pressure.", "scope_statement": "This model owns heat capacity as a thermodynamic response quantity for a specified system under stated constraints, including its mass, amount-of-substance and volume normalisations, temperature dependence and measurement limitations.", "in_scope": [ "Total heat capacity and its specific, molar and volumetric normalisations", "Constant-pressure, constant-volume and other explicitly constrained thermal responses", "Dependence on temperature, pressure, composition, phase and system size", "Calorimetric determination, uncertainty and correction for apparatus contributions", "Validity of heat-capacity data for sensible-heating calculations and thermal-response estimates" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Thermal conductivity and interfacial heat-transfer coefficients as transport properties", "Internal energy and enthalpy as thermodynamic state quantities", "Latent heat and phase-equilibrium models beyond identifying limits of heat-capacity use", "Calorimeter construction and control as device models", "Material identity, composition and full equations of state beyond the context needed to interpret heat capacity" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "A heat-capacity value relates an incremental thermal input or appropriate energy derivative to temperature change under specified conditions; an energy value alone does not identify heat capacity.", "Total heat capacity has units of J/K, whereas specific, molar and volumetric heat capacities introduce different normalising denominators and cannot be compared without conversion.", "Heat capacity describes thermal response magnitude; thermal conductivity describes heat transport through a temperature gradient.", "Constant-pressure and constant-volume heat capacities refer to different constraints and must not be substituted solely because the material and temperature match.", "A finite energy input during an isothermal phase transformation is not representable as an ordinary finite sensible heat capacity multiplied by temperature change." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "System and quantity basis", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "total; mass-specific; molar; volumetric", "why_it_matters": "Determines the denominator, scaling rule and compatible units of the reported quantity." }, { "name": "Heat-capacity value or function", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "J/K; J/(kg·K); J/(mol·K); J/(m³·K), with stated independent variables", "why_it_matters": "Supplies the response magnitude while distinguishing a point value from a curve, table or fitted expression." }, { "name": "Thermodynamic constraint", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "constant pressure; constant volume; other explicitly defined constraint", "why_it_matters": "Identifies which response is being described and which energy relation can be used." }, { "name": "Reference system", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "specified sample, body, material composition or composite assembly", "why_it_matters": "Prevents a sample-level measurement from being treated as a transferable material property without justification." }, { "name": "Thermal state and validity range", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "temperature in K; pressure in Pa; phase; composition; applicable ranges", "why_it_matters": "Heat capacity can vary with state and may change sharply near transitions." }, { "name": "Measurement timescale", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "equilibration time in s; scan rate in K/s; modulation frequency in Hz, where applicable", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes an equilibrium response from one affected by incomplete relaxation or the measurement protocol." }, { "name": "Uncertainty and evidence status", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "uncertainty with coverage convention; measured, calculated or estimated; source and method", "why_it_matters": "Supports defensible comparisons and identifies how strongly a value can support a decision." } ], "affordances": [ "Classify a reported value by system boundary, normalisation and thermodynamic constraint.", "Convert between total and normalised heat capacities when the required mass, amount or volume is known.", "Select data valid for a requested temperature interval, phase and operating condition.", "Integrate compatible heat-capacity data to estimate sensible energy changes under the stated process assumptions.", "Assess whether a calorimetric result needs apparatus corrections or further equilibration evidence.", "Flag comparisons or calculations that cross phase transitions, mix constraints or exceed the evidence range." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "quantity-identity-and-basis", "name": "Quantity identity and basis", "description": "Establishes what the heat-capacity quantity refers to and how it is normalised.", "rationale": "Similar labels can conceal different denominators or different physical system boundaries.", "layers": [ { "id": "system-boundary", "name": "System boundary", "description": "Identifies the body, sample or assembly whose thermal response is represented.", "findings": [ { "id": "capacity-bearer", "name": "Capacity bearer", "description": "Record the included material, composition and components, including whether the value describes the specimen alone or a larger assembly.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which material or assembly has this heat capacity, and which container, coating or support contributions are included?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "capacity-bearer-q01" }, { "text": "What source identifies the sample composition and physical condition associated with the reported value?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "capacity-bearer-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "normalisation-and-units", "name": "Normalisation and units", "description": "Separates total heat capacity from mass, molar and volume-based expressions.", "findings": [ { "id": "declared-denominator", "name": "Declared denominator", "description": "Record the quantity basis and units, with the mass, amount-of-substance convention or state-dependent volume needed for conversion.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the value refer to the whole system, one kilogram, one mole of which entities, or one cubic metre at which state?", "kind": "definition", "id": "declared-denominator-q01" }, { "text": "Are mass, molar mass or density available on a compatible basis to perform the requested conversion?", "kind": "action", "id": "declared-denominator-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "thermodynamic-definition-and-constraints", "name": "Thermodynamic definition and constraints", "description": "Connects a heat-capacity quantity to the conditions and energy derivative that define it.", "rationale": "A thermal input divided by temperature change is interpretable only with a stated process and treatment of work or other energy exchanges.", "layers": [ { "id": "pressure-and-volume-responses", "name": "Pressure and volume responses", "description": "Distinguishes conventional equilibrium heat capacities and their defining derivatives.", "findings": [ { "id": "constraint-specific-definition", "name": "Constraint-specific definition", "description": "For a closed system of fixed composition, identify C_V as the temperature derivative of internal energy at fixed volume and C_p as the temperature derivative of enthalpy at fixed pressure, with any additional relevant variables specified.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the reported quantity C_p, C_V or a response under another named constraint?", "kind": "definition", "id": "constraint-specific-definition-q01" }, { "text": "Which composition, mechanical, electrical or magnetic variables are held fixed in the defining derivative?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "constraint-specific-definition-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "heat-input-interpretation", "name": "Heat-input interpretation", "description": "Determines when an observed heat input per temperature increment represents the intended heat capacity.", "findings": [ { "id": "energy-balance-conditions", "name": "Energy-balance conditions", "description": "Record the assumptions connecting supplied heat to temperature response, including work modes, mass exchange and contributions from reactions or irreversible processes.", "questions": [ { "text": "Under what process assumptions does the measured heat input per temperature increment equal the intended thermodynamic heat capacity?", "kind": "definition", "id": "energy-balance-conditions-q01" }, { "text": "Could mass flow, additional work, reaction heat or dissipation contribute to the observed temperature response?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "energy-balance-conditions-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-dependence-and-transitions", "name": "State dependence and transitions", "description": "Defines where a value or function applies and how changes of phase or relaxation affect its interpretation.", "rationale": "Heat capacity cannot generally be transferred across temperature intervals, phases or preparation histories without checking applicability.", "layers": [ { "id": "state-resolved-data", "name": "State-resolved data", "description": "Attaches point values and fitted functions to explicit state ranges.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-envelope", "name": "Validity envelope", "description": "Record temperature and pressure ranges, composition, phase, preparation history where relevant, and the evidence supporting interpolation.", "questions": [ { "text": "Over which temperature, pressure, composition and phase ranges was this value or function established?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "validity-envelope-q01" }, { "text": "Does the requested calculation interpolate within supported data or require extrapolation into an unverified state?", "kind": "action", "id": "validity-envelope-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "transition-and-relaxation-response", "name": "Transition and relaxation response", "description": "Separates ordinary sensible response from transition contributions and protocol-dependent behaviour.", "findings": [ { "id": "anomaly-interpretation", "name": "Anomaly interpretation", "description": "Record whether peaks, steps or history dependence are attributed to a phase transition, relaxation or an unresolved experimental contribution.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the reported curve separate sensible heat capacity from latent heat or represent both through an apparent heat capacity?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "anomaly-interpretation-q01" }, { "text": "How do scan rate, modulation frequency, equilibration time or heating versus cooling affect the observed feature?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "anomaly-interpretation-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "measurement-and-permitted-use", "name": "Measurement and permitted use", "description": "Connects calorimetric evidence to calculations and decisions that the data can support.", "rationale": "An agent needs to distinguish a corrected specimen response from apparatus effects and choose calculations consistent with the evidence.", "layers": [ { "id": "calorimetric-evidence", "name": "Calorimetric evidence", "description": "Records how the response was obtained and which corrections support its interpretation.", "findings": [ { "id": "method-corrections-and-uncertainty", "name": "Method, corrections and uncertainty", "description": "Record the calorimetric or computational method, calibration, specimen quantity, baseline and apparatus corrections, thermal-loss treatment and uncertainty.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which method and calibration support the reported heat capacity, and where is the underlying result documented?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "method-corrections-and-uncertainty-q01" }, { "text": "How were apparatus heat capacity, heat leakage, temperature nonuniformity and uncertainty treated?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "method-corrections-and-uncertainty-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "calculation-validity", "name": "Calculation validity", "description": "Checks assumptions for sensible-energy integration, aggregation and thermal-response estimates.", "findings": [ { "id": "supported-thermal-calculations", "name": "Supported thermal calculations", "description": "Use a compatible heat-capacity function over the specified temperature interval; justify constant-value approximations and component addition, and combine with a separate heat-transfer model when estimating response time.", "questions": [ { "text": "Can the requested energy change be obtained by integrating the appropriate heat capacity without crossing an untreated transition or composition change?", "kind": "action", "id": "supported-thermal-calculations-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence justifies treating heat capacity as constant, summing component capacities or assuming a uniform system temperature?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "supported-thermal-calculations-q02" }, { "text": "If a heating or cooling time is requested, what heat-transfer or power-input information is available in addition to heat capacity?", "kind": "action", "id": "supported-thermal-calculations-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "This describes the thermodynamic quantity; the registry provides no recorded sense confirming that interpretation.", "Recall-based summary; no sources or standards text were consulted.", "Simple definitions assume equilibrium or quasistatic conditions; phase transitions, frequency-dependent measurements and systems with unusual thermodynamic stability require additional qualifications." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of heat capacity this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Heat capacity at constant pressure (Cp)", "Heat capacity at constant volume (Cv)" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of heat capacity this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Thermodynamic quantity symbols", "value_or_pattern": "C, Cp, Cv", "note": "Conventional symbols, not unique registry identifiers; subscripts specify constraints." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of heat capacity this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "BIPM SI Brochure: the coherent SI unit of heat capacity is joule per kelvin." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of heat capacity this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Calculating energy requirements for heating and cooling equipment and materials.", "Sizing sensible-heat thermal storage.", "Determining reaction heat through calorimetry.", "Predicting temperature changes in thermal models.", "Characterising phase transitions through heat-capacity anomalies." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of heat capacity this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Heat capacity of a system", "typical_range": "No universal range; depends on system size, composition, temperature, phase and constraints.", "unit": "J/K" }, { "quantity": "Molar heat capacity at constant volume of a classical monatomic ideal gas", "typical_range": "Approximately 12.47 in the classical ideal-gas regime.", "unit": "J/(mol·K)" }, { "quantity": "Molar heat capacity at constant pressure of a classical monatomic ideal gas", "typical_range": "Approximately 20.79 in the classical ideal-gas regime.", "unit": "J/(mol·K)" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of heat capacity this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Confusing total heat capacity with mass-specific or molar heat capacity produces scaling and unit errors.", "Substituting Cp for Cv without checking constraints can misestimate heat requirements.", "Treating heat capacity as constant over a wide temperature interval can produce inaccurate energy balances.", "Using a finite heat capacity alone to model a first-order phase transition omits latent heat.", "Calorimetry can be biased by heat leaks, temperature gradients and uncorrected apparatus heat capacity." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of heat capacity this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "SI units are widely used scientifically; some engineering references use calorie- or British thermal unit-based units, requiring attention to unit definitions." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of heat capacity this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Specific heat capacity", "difference": "Heat capacity divided by mass; expressed in J/(kg·K), rather than J/K." }, { "name": "Molar heat capacity", "difference": "Heat capacity divided by amount of substance; expressed in J/(mol·K)." }, { "name": "Volumetric heat capacity", "difference": "Heat capacity per unit volume; expressed in J/(m³·K)." }, { "name": "Thermal conductivity", "difference": "Describes heat transport under a temperature gradient, rather than heat required for a temperature change." }, { "name": "Latent heat", "difference": "Describes energy exchanged during a phase transition, which can occur without a temperature change." }, { "name": "Heat", "difference": "Energy transferred because of a temperature difference; heat capacity relates that transfer to temperature change under specified constraints." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of heat capacity this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Which authoritative terminology and metrology references should govern the registry's definitions of total, specific, molar and volumetric heat capacity?", "Should apparent and frequency-dependent heat capacities be represented as qualified forms within this entry or linked to separate response-quantity models?", "How should transition-associated peaks and latent-heat contributions be encoded so agents cannot silently treat them as ordinary sensible heat capacity?", "What evidence is sufficient to transfer a specimen measurement to a material-level model when composition, porosity or preparation history varies?", "How far should this entry cover finite-system or constrained cases that require qualifications beyond conventional bulk equilibrium heat capacity?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 9, "findings": 17, "questions": 26 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a heat capacity, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to identify, compare and apply heat-capacity descriptions only when the system, thermal state, process constraints and measurement basis make them valid.", "characteristics": { "substance": "abstract", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: heat capacity at constant pressure, heat capacity at constant volume, electron heat capacity.", "3 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 73 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a heat capacity, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "an abstraction with no physical instance", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "heat capacity at constant pressure", "heat capacity at constant volume", "electron heat capacity" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 73 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 3 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one heat capacity from another, and a heat capacity from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a heat capacity, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a heat capacity, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a heat capacity is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a heat capacity, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a heat capacity, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a heat capacity is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a heat capacity sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a heat capacity, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a heat capacity, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a heat capacity is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a heat capacity from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a heat capacity, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a heat capacity, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a heat capacity is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a heat capacity passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a heat capacity between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a heat capacity, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a heat capacity, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a heat capacity is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a heat capacity, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a heat capacity is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a heat capacity, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a heat capacity, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a heat capacity is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What heat capacity is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of heat capacity are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is heat capacity operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of heat capacity and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of heat capacity?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as heat capacity?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a heat capacity came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a heat capacity and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a heat capacity, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a heat capacity, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a heat capacity is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a heat capacity is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a heat capacity, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a heat capacity, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a heat capacity is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 10, "findings": 12, "questions": 32 } } } }