DL-amphetamine
Enable an AI agent to recognise DL-amphetamine, assess the identity and condition of a material sample, and determine which handling or use decisions require further evidence.
Research draft, second pass
A second pass drafted this model: the structure a model of this thing needs, and what is known about it in the world. The line under this one says how the second half was obtained - researched against sources, or recalled without web access, in which case nothing here was read anywhere and every claim is a lead to verify. Unreviewed either way.
recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read
Researched by: Codex
Purpose and description
Enable an AI agent to recognise DL-amphetamine, assess the identity and condition of a material sample, and determine which handling or use decisions require further evidence.
DL-amphetamine is racemic amphetamine, an equimolar mixture of the (S)-(+)- and (R)-(−)-enantiomers of 1-phenylpropan-2-amine, a synthetic sympathomimetic central nervous system stimulant.
It can be Compare sample evidence with the proposed racemic identity and flag unresolved stereochemistry.; Select reference records and property evidence matching the sample's exact chemical form.; Compare assay results after reconciling free-base-equivalent, salt-content, and concentration bases.; Assess whether analytical quality and storage history support a stated laboratory use.; Identify the current hazard documentation and authorisation evidence required before handling, transfer, or disposal..
Distinguishing features
Require evidence of approximately equal proportions of the two amphetamine enantiomers within a stated analytical tolerance; the label 'amphetamine' alone does not establish DL identity.
Distinguish racemic amphetamine from an enantiomer-enriched mixture, including products whose amphetamine components are not present in equal enantiomeric proportions.
Distinguish free base from an amphetamine salt using counterion and composition evidence rather than treating their identifiers and physical constants as interchangeable.
Confirm amphetamine molecular identity independently of stereochemical composition; a broad stimulant or amphetamine-class screening result is insufficient.
Distinguish a characterised substance sample from a tablet, solution, or other formulated product containing it.
Scope
+ Racemic identity and measured proportions of the two amphetamine enantiomers
+ Free-base identity and explicit relationships to salt, hydrate, or solvate forms
+ Sample composition, impurities, concentration, and analytical evidence
+ Physical state and measured properties under stated conditions
+ Form-specific hazards, storage condition, and jurisdiction-specific controlled-substance status
- Dextroamphetamine or levoamphetamine as separately modelled substances
- Finished medicines and mixed-amphetamine formulations as products
- Clinical diagnosis, prescribing, dosing, and patient outcomes
- Synthesis, extraction, or illicit manufacturing procedures
- Drug-market activity and substance-use behaviour
Characteristics
- Molecular identity evidence
- Sample linked to structure assignment, analytical method, reference material, and report Prevents chemically related substances or broad screening positives from being accepted as DL-amphetamine.
- Enantiomeric composition
- Mole fraction or mol% of each enantiomer, with assignment convention, uncertainty, and method Determines whether the sample supports a racemic identity or requires a different composition description.
- Chemical form
- Free base; identified salt with stoichiometry; hydrate or solvate where established; unresolved Controls which identifiers, mass basis, physical properties, and hazard evidence apply.
- Amphetamine content
- Mass fraction, molar concentration, or mass concentration, explicitly stated as free-base equivalent or identified-form content Makes results comparable without confusing salt mass, solution concentration, and active-moiety content.
- Impurity profile
- Identified and unidentified components in appropriate concentration units, with detection and quantification limits Separates chemical purity from enantiomeric composition and exposes limitations in sample suitability.
- Physical state and thermal properties
- Observed phase; transition temperatures in °C or K; pressure in kPa; chemical form and test conditions Prevents constants reported for one form or condition from being applied to another.
- Sample integrity
- Within documented acceptance criteria; suspected change; confirmed change; unassessed Connects storage history and reanalysis to whether earlier characterisation remains usable.
- Regulatory identity and action status
- Links to verified identifiers and dated jurisdictional determinations for possession, transfer, transport, analysis, or disposal Chemical identity alone does not establish whether a particular actor may perform a particular action.
Also called
Where this came from
wikidata · CC0 1.0
Drafted structure
Bundle to layer to finding to question, as the second pass will find it: 5 bundles · 9 layers · 15 findings · 23 questions.
Racemic identity and boundaries Establish what DL-amphetamine denotes and which samples support that designation.
The distinguishing feature is stereochemical composition, which cannot be inferred from an unspecified amphetamine label.
Molecular and stereochemical identity
Separate confirmation of amphetamine structure from confirmation of a racemic composition.
Evidence required for DL identity
Record molecular identification and enantiomer-resolving evidence separately, with an explicit tolerance for accepting the racemic designation.
- What evidence identifies the material as amphetamine rather than another related compound? definition
- What measured enantiomer proportions, uncertainty, and acceptance tolerance support calling this sample DL-amphetamine? measurement
Chemical form and registry boundary
Resolve free-base, salt, and product references without silently changing the registered concept.
Form-specific identity mapping
Attach identifiers to the exact entity they describe and preserve the distinction between racemic substance identity and a particular salt or formulation.
- Does vr.tr.dl-amphetamine denote the racemic free base specifically, or does its source record explicitly include salt forms? boundary
- Which verified CAS, PubChem, and EC records match the intended stereochemistry and chemical form, and which describe neighbouring entities? provenance
Sample composition and analytical confidence Describe what a sample contains and how strongly the measurements support that description.
Racemic composition, amphetamine content, and chemical purity are different properties and must not substitute for one another.
Content and impurities
Record quantitative composition on an explicit chemical and sample basis.
Assay basis and purity
Distinguish amphetamine content from counterion, water, solvent, excipient, and impurity contributions to sample mass.
- Is the reported content expressed as free-base equivalent, identified salt, dry material, or material as received? measurement
- Which impurities, residual solvents, and water content were measured, and what remains below detection or unidentified? measurement
Method and reference evidence
Connect molecular and chiral measurements to methods, standards, and the actual sample tested.
Analytical fitness for identity decisions
Record whether the analytical evidence can establish molecular identity, resolve enantiomers, and quantify content for the intended decision.
- Which methods and reference materials support the molecular assignment and the assignment of each enantiomer? provenance
- Do method selectivity, uncertainty, and sample traceability support the proposed acceptance decision, or is confirmatory analysis required? action
Physical form and sample integrity Assess properties and changes of the identified DL-amphetamine material under documented conditions.
Physical constants and storage judgements are unreliable when free base, salts, solutions, and altered samples are conflated.
Condition-dependent properties
Associate phase and property measurements with the exact form, composition, and conditions.
Applicable physical-property records
Use melting, boiling, solubility, and other property evidence only when its material identity and measurement conditions fit the sample.
- What phase is observed at the recorded temperature, and what chemical form and solvent composition does that observation describe? measurement
- Which thermal or solubility values are supported for this exact form, with units, pressure or solvent conditions, and any reported decomposition? provenance
Storage history and change
Determine whether sample history affects the continued validity of its characterisation.
Continued sample suitability
Link packaging, exposure history, and observed changes to documented stability evidence and criteria for reanalysis.
- What storage and packaging conditions are documented for this form, and what deviations occurred for this sample? provenance
- What observed change or elapsed interval requires rechecking content, impurity profile, or enantiomeric composition before further use? action
Hazards and permitted material actions Connect the characterised material to applicable hazard evidence and legal conditions for specific actions.
DL-amphetamine requires decisions that account for exact material form, exposure circumstances, jurisdiction, and the authority of the actor.
Form-specific hazard evidence
Identify hazard information applicable to the substance form and sample composition.
Hazard classification and exposure basis
Record the source and applicability of classifications, handling requirements, and any established occupational exposure limits without borrowing them from an unmatched product.
- Which current safety data and GHS classification apply to this chemical form, concentration, and jurisdiction? provenance
- Is an authoritative occupational exposure limit established for this material, and what units and averaging period apply if one exists? measurement
Jurisdiction and authorised action
Assess a proposed material action against dated legal and institutional evidence.
Action-specific authority
Treat controlled-substance status and actor permissions as evidence tied to a jurisdiction, date, chemical scope, and proposed action.
- Which current legal provisions cover racemic amphetamine and the particular salt or preparation in the relevant jurisdictions? provenance
- What verified authorisation, custody records, and procedural requirements apply to the proposed possession, analysis, transfer, transport, or disposal? action
Evidence and external alignment What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.
A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.
Reported evidence
Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.
Check these first
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- This is recalled information, without source consultation.
- Confirm whether the registry entry denotes the free base specifically or racemic amphetamine across salt forms before assigning additional identifiers or physical constants.
- Researchers should verify salt-specific purity, physical properties, hazard classifications and current jurisdiction-specific controls.
- Which of these check these first hold for the sense of DL-amphetamine this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Kinds and varieties
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Racemic amphetamine free base
- Racemic amphetamine sulfate
- Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of DL-amphetamine this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Identifiers and schemes
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- CAS Registry Number - 300-62-9 - Identifies racemic amphetamine free base; salts have separate identifiers.
- Molecular formula - C9H13N - Formula of the free base; does not distinguish enantiomers or their proportions.
- Chemical nomenclature - rac-1-phenylpropan-2-amine - The racemic designation specifies equal proportions of the two enantiomers.
- Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of DL-amphetamine this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Real-world use
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Pharmaceutical stimulant ingredient in salt form, with availability and authorized indications depending on jurisdiction and formulation.
- Research reference substance for studying stimulant pharmacology and stereochemical differences.
- Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of DL-amphetamine this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Typical measurements
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Molar mass of free base - 135.21 - g/mol
- Enantiomeric composition of the ideal racemate - 50% (S)-amphetamine and 50% (R)-amphetamine - mol%
- Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of DL-amphetamine this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Failure modes and hazards
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Can cause dependence and compulsive use.
- Excessive exposure can cause severe cardiovascular and central nervous system toxicity.
- Can cause insomnia, agitation and appetite suppression.
- Severe intoxication can involve hyperthermia, seizures or psychosis.
- Confusing free-base mass with salt mass, or racemic material with an enantiomer-enriched preparation, can produce composition and potency errors.
- Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of DL-amphetamine this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Amphetamine - The broader name may leave stereochemical composition unspecified; DL-amphetamine explicitly denotes the racemate.
- Dextroamphetamine - Dextroamphetamine is the (S)-(+)-enantiomer alone rather than an equimolar mixture.
- Levoamphetamine - Levoamphetamine is the (R)-(−)-enantiomer alone rather than an equimolar mixture.
- Methamphetamine - Methamphetamine has an additional methyl substituent on nitrogen and is a different chemical substance.
- Mixed amphetamine salts - This names a pharmaceutical mixture of salts; its enantiomer ratio must be established from the formulation and need not be racemic.
- Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of DL-amphetamine this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
What the second pass must settle
- Does the originating registry record define DL-amphetamine strictly as the racemic free base, and does an existing Vercy world model already own that concept?
- Which CAS number, PubChem CID, and EC number are verified matches for the registry's exact stereochemical and chemical-form scope?
- What analytical tolerance and reference convention should govern acceptance of a sample as racemic rather than enantiomer-enriched?
- Which physical constants, stability evidence, and impurity acceptance criteria are adequately supported for each included material form?
- Which current jurisdiction-specific classifications, exposure limits if any, and controlled-substance provisions apply to the intended material actions?