{ "model": { "rank": 6143, "code": "thing-q179537", "model_id": "vr.tr.greek-fire", "name": "Greek fire", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise evidence attributed to Greek fire, assess the strength and condition of that evidence, and decide what interpretation, documentation or specialist handling is justified.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.OBJ", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q179537/", "tier": 2, "score": 62, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [], "aliasCount": 0, "merged": 0, "knownIn": 62, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q179537", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179537", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T11:46:19Z", "providers": [ "Codex", "Grok" ], "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "usd": 0.0471453, "turns": 2, "seconds": 130.5, "error": null }, "codex": { "seconds": 79.2, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07bae-d11e-7561-b9c1-0ebec0bfa12c\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: Greek fire\nRegistry id: vr.tr.greek-fire\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.OBJ\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\nA V" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q179537", "registryId": "vr.tr.greek-fire", "name": "Greek fire", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.OBJ" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q179537/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.greek-fire", "name": "Greek fire", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise evidence attributed to Greek fire, assess the strength and condition of that evidence, and decide what interpretation, documentation or specialist handling is justified.", "definition": "Greek fire is the Byzantine Empire's late-antique to medieval incendiary weapon system: a petroleum-based liquid, almost certainly naphtha thickened with resins, heated and projected from bronze siphons (and also thrown in jars) so that it stuck to ships and continued to burn on seawater, with the formula kept as a compartmentalised imperial secret from about 672 CE until it was lost, probably in the twelfth or thirteenth century.", "scope_statement": "This model owns Greek fire as a historically attributed incendiary material and the evidence needed to distinguish that attribution from other incendiaries; delivery equipment, military events and modern reconstructions appear only through their relationships to it.", "in_scope": [ "Criteria for attributing a historical reference, depiction or material candidate to Greek fire", "Names, translations and contextual meanings associated with the attribution", "Reported material properties and behaviour, with evidence-specific confidence", "Relationships between the material and its reported containment or delivery", "Condition, evidential integrity and handling constraints of attributed physical samples", "Unresolved identity and composition claims" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Complete models of ships, siphons, projectors and other delivery equipment", "Campaign histories, battle outcomes and military organisations", "General models of petroleum products, resins and other proposed ingredients", "Manufacturing recipes, ignition procedures and weapon deployment instructions", "Modern incendiary weapons and the independent engineering of reconstructions" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Check whether the attribution rests on a traceable historical source or contextual argument rather than the modern label 'Greek fire' alone.", "Check whether the source identifies a material, an incendiary weapon system or fire generally before treating the reference as a material instance.", "Check whether an apparently characteristic behaviour is independently supported; a report of burning on water alone must not establish identity.", "Check whether a composition claim concerns historical evidence, a scholarly hypothesis or a modern reconstruction; these are different evidential categories.", "Check whether translated names actually refer to the same material before merging references to other historical incendiaries." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Represented subject", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "historical material concept | textual reference | depiction | attributed physical sample | reconstruction claim", "why_it_matters": "Determines what can legitimately be assessed and prevents a description or reconstruction from being mistaken for surviving historical material." }, { "name": "Attribution standing", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "unassessed | supported within stated limits | disputed | rejected", "why_it_matters": "Makes recognition an evidence-based judgement with an explicit rationale." }, { "name": "Source terminology", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "original expression linked to language, passage, translation and proposed referent", "why_it_matters": "Allows an agent to detect changes in meaning hidden by a shared English label." }, { "name": "Historical context", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "linked date or interval, place, actors and reported use, each with uncertainty", "why_it_matters": "Provides context for attribution without making every historical incendiary an instance of Greek fire." }, { "name": "Composition evidence", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "not established | textual claim | material analysis | scholarly hypothesis | reconstruction result", "why_it_matters": "Prevents proposed ingredients and experimental substitutes from becoming asserted historical composition." }, { "name": "Reported behaviour", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "behaviour claim linked to its source, setting, wording and corroboration", "why_it_matters": "Keeps descriptions of persistence, adhesion or interaction with water attached to the evidence that supports them." }, { "name": "Material integrity", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "not applicable | unknown | altered | contaminated | characterised, with supporting assessment", "why_it_matters": "Determines whether a physical candidate can support claims about its historical condition." }, { "name": "Handling assessment", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "not applicable | unassessed | specialist assessment required | assessed under documented restrictions", "why_it_matters": "Separates historical attribution from present-day permission to handle or sample a material." } ], "affordances": [ "Compare a candidate attribution against source terminology, context and competing interpretations.", "Trace a claim about Greek fire to its supporting passage or material evidence.", "Keep incompatible composition hypotheses visible without selecting an unsupported recipe.", "Link material references to separately modelled delivery equipment and historical events.", "Assess whether evidence supports documentation, interpretive display or referral for specialist examination.", "Revise or withdraw an attribution while preserving the history and reasons for that decision." ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "wikipedia-greek-fire", "title": "Greek fire", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_fire", "what_it_supports": "Byzantine names, Kallinikos attribution, siphon/cheirosiphōn/grenade deployment, petroleum-plus-resin consensus, Haldon reconstruction figures, De Administrando Imperio secrecy rule, and distinctions from saltpetre and quicklime theories.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "whe-cartwright-2017", "title": "Greek Fire: The Byzantines' Secret Weapon", "url": "https://www.worldhistory.org/Greek_Fire/", "what_it_supports": "First naval use in the 670s, naphtha as the vital ingredient (Crimea/Black Sea), dromon bronze-tube delivery, and the claim that water would not extinguish the flames.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "skeptoid-832", "title": "What Greek Fire Really Was", "url": "https://skeptoid.com/episodes/832", "what_it_supports": "That the historical weapon is well attested rather than legendary; that the siphon mattered as much as the mix; and that it improved on older naphtha incendiaries rather than inventing fire-at-sea from nothing.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "conversation-283775", "title": "Greek fire was the most devastating weapon in the Eastern Roman empire. But what was it?", "url": "https://theconversation.com/greek-fire-was-the-most-devastating-weapon-in-the-eastern-roman-empire-but-what-was-it-283775", "what_it_supports": "Use from about 673 to at least the 1180s, Anna Komnene's 1099 Pisan action, Constantine VII's ban on teaching the recipe, and Haldon's 2002 crude-oil reconstruction.", "url_status": "live" } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-naming", "name": "Identity and naming", "description": "Defines what a particular use of 'Greek fire' identifies and whether it belongs to this registered thing.", "rationale": "A shared name can conceal different historical referents or conflate material with equipment.", "layers": [ { "id": "historical-terms", "name": "Historical terms", "description": "Connects names and translations to their actual source contexts.", "findings": [ { "id": "term-to-referent", "name": "Term-to-referent attribution", "description": "An attribution must explain what the cited expression denotes rather than rely on a translated label.", "questions": [ { "text": "What original expression is translated or interpreted as Greek fire, and where does it occur?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "term-to-referent-q01" }, { "text": "Does that expression denote an incendiary material, a delivery system, a particular attack or fire generally?", "kind": "definition", "id": "term-to-referent-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "inclusion-boundaries", "name": "Inclusion boundaries", "description": "Tests candidates against neighbouring incendiary concepts.", "findings": [ { "id": "candidate-membership", "name": "Candidate membership", "description": "Inclusion requires a stated attribution argument and consideration of plausible alternatives.", "questions": [ { "text": "What evidence supports identifying this candidate as Greek fire rather than another historical incendiary?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "candidate-membership-q01" }, { "text": "Would including this reference assert an equivalence between historical names that the evidence has not established?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "candidate-membership-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-attribution", "name": "Evidence and attribution", "description": "Organises the sources and reasoning behind claims about Greek fire.", "rationale": "An agent must distinguish historical testimony, later repetition and modern interpretation before judging a claim.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-context", "name": "Source context", "description": "Establishes where a claim originates and how it relates to the event or material described.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-origin", "name": "Claim origin", "description": "Each material or behavioural claim needs an identifiable source and an account of its evidential limitations.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which passage, depiction or examined object supports this claim about Greek fire?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "claim-origin-q01" }, { "text": "How does the source's date and access to the reported event affect the weight of its testimony?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "claim-origin-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "corroboration-and-dispute", "name": "Corroboration and dispute", "description": "Separates independent support from repetition and records competing readings.", "findings": [ { "id": "attribution-strength", "name": "Attribution strength", "description": "The standing of an attribution depends on the independence, agreement and limitations of its supporting evidence.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which apparently corroborating accounts are independent, and which derive from the same earlier account?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "attribution-strength-q01" }, { "text": "What conflicting evidence or interpretation could require this Greek fire attribution to be revised?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "attribution-strength-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-behaviour-claims", "name": "Material and behaviour claims", "description": "Represents what evidence supports about the material without turning hypotheses into a formula.", "rationale": "Recognition requires distinctions between reported properties, composition proposals and demonstrated historical evidence.", "layers": [ { "id": "composition-status", "name": "Composition status", "description": "Tracks the evidential basis and limits of claims about what Greek fire contained.", "findings": [ { "id": "composition-claim-basis", "name": "Composition claim basis", "description": "A composition proposal must retain its status as testimony, analysis, inference or reconstruction.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the proposed composition supported by a historical passage, an attributed sample, an inference or a modern reconstruction?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "composition-claim-basis-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence connects that proposal to historical Greek fire rather than merely to a material with similar behaviour?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "composition-claim-basis-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "reported-properties", "name": "Reported properties", "description": "Keeps characteristic behaviour tied to the exact evidence and context in which it is reported.", "findings": [ { "id": "behavioural-evidence", "name": "Behavioural evidence", "description": "Claims about burning, persistence, adhesion or interaction with water are assessed separately rather than treated as a defining package.", "questions": [ { "text": "What does the source actually report about the material's behaviour, and what details were added by later interpretations?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "behavioural-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Is the claimed property a qualitative description or a measured observation, and what limitations constrain comparison?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "behavioural-evidence-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "delivery-and-use-context", "name": "Delivery and use context", "description": "Links Greek fire to reported containment, delivery and use without absorbing the associated equipment or events.", "rationale": "A description of an incendiary system may attribute an effect to the material that actually depends on equipment or circumstances.", "layers": [ { "id": "material-equipment-interface", "name": "Material-equipment interface", "description": "Distinguishes evidence about the incendiary from evidence about its associated apparatus.", "findings": [ { "id": "delivery-association", "name": "Delivery association", "description": "Reported delivery arrangements are relationships that need their own evidence.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which source associates this Greek fire reference with a container, projector or other delivery device?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "delivery-association-q01" }, { "text": "Does the evidence identify the material separately from the device, or only describe the combined system?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "delivery-association-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "historical-use-association", "name": "Historical use association", "description": "Records the contextual basis for associating the material with a reported historical use.", "findings": [ { "id": "use-context-limits", "name": "Use context limits", "description": "A reported event supports only those conclusions about Greek fire that its evidence can distinguish from other causes.", "questions": [ { "text": "What date, place and participants are attached to this reported use, and how securely are they established?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "use-context-limits-q01" }, { "text": "Which reported effects can be attributed to the material, and which remain inseparable from equipment, conditions or narrative interpretation?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "use-context-limits-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "physical-candidates-and-permitted-actions", "name": "Physical candidates and permitted actions", "description": "Assesses attributed samples and governs decisions about their examination and representation.", "rationale": "A physical candidate requires separate judgements about historical identity, evidential integrity and present condition.", "layers": [ { "id": "sample-authenticity-and-condition", "name": "Sample authenticity and condition", "description": "Evaluates whether a candidate residue or material can support a historical attribution.", "findings": [ { "id": "sample-evidential-integrity", "name": "Sample evidential integrity", "description": "Find context, custody, alteration and contamination constrain what can be inferred from an attributed sample.", "questions": [ { "text": "What find context and custody record connect this sample to a specific Greek fire attribution?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "sample-evidential-integrity-q01" }, { "text": "What documented examination distinguishes surviving material characteristics from degradation, contamination or conservation treatment?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "sample-evidential-integrity-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "examination-and-representation", "name": "Examination and representation", "description": "Connects evidence and specialist assessments to justified actions and public descriptions.", "findings": [ { "id": "action-eligibility", "name": "Action eligibility", "description": "Historical identity does not itself establish handling permission, and reconstruction success does not establish authenticity.", "questions": [ { "text": "What specialist condition assessment and custodian authorisation govern handling or sampling this attributed material?", "kind": "action", "id": "action-eligibility-q01" }, { "text": "Should this item be described as an attributed sample, a disputed identification or a modern reconstruction, given the available evidence?", "kind": "action", "id": "action-eligibility-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Ship-mounted siphon fire (siphōn on a dromon's prow, sometimes also amidships or astern)", "Hand-siphon (cheirosiphōn), a portable projector prescribed for sieges and field use from Leo VI onward", "Ceramic or glass grenades (chytrai / tzykalia) filled with the mixture and hurled by hand or catapult", "Crane-poured fire (gerania) dumped onto an enemy deck at close quarters", "Western medieval ignis graecus, a Crusader catch-all for many incendiaries rather than the Byzantine mix", "Abbasid naft bombs used by naffāṭūn troops (copper vessels of burning oil, not siphon-projected)" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of Greek fire this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Byzantine Greek designations", "value_or_pattern": "ὑγρὸν πῦρ; πῦρ θαλάσσιον; πῦρ ῥωμαϊκόν; μηδικὸν πῦρ; πολεμικὸν πῦρ; πῦρ κολλητικόν; πῦρ σκευαστόν", "note": "Descriptive names in imperial sources; Byzantines did not call it 'Greek fire'." }, { "scheme": "Latin / Western medieval name", "value_or_pattern": "ignis graecus", "note": "Crusader-era label later calqued as English 'Greek fire'; often applied to any sticky incendiary." }, { "scheme": "Modern Greek lemma", "value_or_pattern": "υγρόν πυρ", "note": "Standard Greek encyclopedic heading for the Byzantine weapon." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of Greek fire this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Constantine VII Porphyrogennetos, De Administrando Imperio ch. 13 (mid-10th century): manufacture only among Christians and only in Constantinople; the composition must not be taught or sent to any other nation." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of Greek fire this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Projected from dromon bows to break the Arab fleets at the sieges of Constantinople (674-678 and 717-718).", "Used by the central imperial fleet against rebel thematic fleets (727) and Thomas the Slav (821-823).", "Deployed against Rus' raids on the Bosporus (941, 1043) and to blockade the Danube in 970-971.", "Anna Komnene records beast-mouthed bow tubes against a Pisan fleet near Rhodes in 1099.", "Cheirosiphōnes and fire-jars used in land sieges against towers and wall defenders (10th-century tactical manuals; Hero of Byzantium's Poliorcetica).", "Tenth- to twelfth-century ceramic grenades survive in collections such as the National Historical Museum, Athens.", "John Haldon reconstructed a working siphon in 2002 using crude oil and wood resins." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of Greek fire this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Siphon flame range (modern reconstruction)", "typical_range": "up to about 15", "unit": "m" }, { "quantity": "Flame temperature (modern reconstruction)", "typical_range": ">1000", "unit": "°C" }, { "quantity": "Catapulted fire-pot mass (reported for light ship catapults)", "typical_range": "6-9", "unit": "kg" }, { "quantity": "Documented service span of the Byzantine system", "typical_range": "c. 672 to at least the 12th century", "unit": "year" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of Greek fire this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Burns on water and clings to timber and flesh; seawater does not quench it; contemporaries name sand, strong vinegar, or old urine as extinguishers.", "Effective only at short range, in a calm sea, and with a favourable wind; Muslim fleets learned to stay outside the jet and to cover hulls with vinegar-soaked felt or hides.", "A heated, pressurised oil tank on a wooden ship can explode or set its own vessel alight; operators needed iron heat-shields (boukolia).", "Capture of siphons and stocks (Bulgars at Mesembria, 812/814; an Arab fireship in 827) did not yield a working copy, because the formula, heater, pump, nozzle, and trained siphōnarioi were kept apart.", "The recipe itself was lost, probably after the Fourth Crusade era, so the historical substance cannot be chemically verified." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of Greek fire this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Byzantine sources use 'sea fire', 'Roman fire', 'Median/Medean fire', 'liquid fire', or 'sticky fire'; 'Greek fire' is a Western name from calling Byzantines 'Greeks'.", "Crusader writers applied ignis graecus to Arab, and later even Chinese or Mongol, incendiaries that were not the Constantinopolitan mix.", "Ingredient naphtha was associated with Black Sea seeps (Tmutorakan) and with Median/Persian naft; Arab armies fielded their own naft troops rather than a siphon fleet.", "Modern languages keep the Western calque (feu grégeois, Feuer von Griechenland / Griechisches Feuer, греческий огонь) while Greek scholarship prefers υγρόν πυρ." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of Greek fire this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Plain naphtha / naft incendiaries", "difference": "Same petroleum family, but Greek fire is identified by the heated pressurised siphon, stickiness, and reliable burning on seawater as a full weapon system, not by pots of oil alone." }, { "name": "Saltpetre / proto-gunpowder mixtures", "difference": "Saltpetre is not attested in Middle Eastern warfare before the 13th century; a gunpowder charge would explode rather than squirt a sustained liquid jet." }, { "name": "Quicklime (calcium oxide) water-ignited mixes", "difference": "Quicklime needs water to heat; Leo VI's Tactica has the fire poured on decks and thrown in grenades without that requirement." }, { "name": "Calcium phosphide / phosphine mixes", "difference": "Laboratory trials do not reproduce the roar, smoke, range, or intensity described for siphon fire." }, { "name": "Modern napalm", "difference": "A useful chemical analogy (thickened petroleum that sticks and burns) but a 20th-century composition and delivery, not a surviving Byzantine formula." }, { "name": "Improvised fire-ships (e.g. 1203 Fourth Crusade)", "difference": "Burning hulks or pots without evidence of the imperial siphon system; absence of a confirmed Greek-fire report in that siege is itself a historical marker." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of Greek fire this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Which historical expressions and periods should this registry entry encompass, and where does translating them as 'Greek fire' create unsupported equivalences?", "Does the evidence support one materially continuous incendiary or multiple preparations grouped under the same later name?", "Which commonly repeated behavioural claims have independent historical support, and which arise from later retelling or reconstruction?", "Are any surviving physical samples securely attributable to Greek fire, and what can their condition and provenance actually establish?", "How far can historical evidence separate properties of the incendiary material from effects produced by its delivery equipment and circumstances of use?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 18, "questions": 28 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "unclassified", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a Greek fire, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to recognise evidence attributed to Greek fire, assess the strength and condition of that evidence, and decide what interpretation, documentation or specialist handling is justified.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "manufactured", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Described in 62 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a Greek fire, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by form and material. The registry holds no appearance data, so what a Greek fire looks like has to come from research." ], "relatedModels": [], "standing": "Described in 62 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one Greek fire from another, and a Greek fire from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a Greek fire, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a Greek fire, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a Greek fire is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a Greek fire, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a Greek fire, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a Greek fire is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a Greek fire sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a Greek fire, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a Greek fire, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a Greek fire is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a Greek fire from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a Greek fire, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a Greek fire, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a Greek fire is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a Greek fire is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a Greek fire, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a Greek fire, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a Greek fire is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a Greek fire is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a Greek fire, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a Greek fire, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a Greek fire is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a Greek fire is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a Greek fire, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a Greek fire, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a Greek fire is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a Greek fire is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a Greek fire is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a Greek fire, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a Greek fire, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a Greek fire is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a Greek fire is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a Greek fire, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a Greek fire, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a Greek fire is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a Greek fire passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a Greek fire between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a Greek fire, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a Greek fire, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a Greek fire is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a Greek fire, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a Greek fire is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a Greek fire, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a Greek fire, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a Greek fire is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "use-and-operation", "name": "Use and operation", "description": "What can be done with a Greek fire and what it takes to do it.", "rationale": "An agent that can recognise a thing but not act on it has only half a model.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-use", "name": "Intended use and function", "description": "What a Greek fire is for, and what it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-and-purpose", "name": "Function, purpose and misuse", "description": "The function a Greek fire performs and the uses that fall outside it.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-and-purpose-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the use of a Greek fire, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "function-and-purpose-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the use of a Greek fire, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "function-and-purpose-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the use of a Greek fire is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "handling-and-procedure", "name": "Handling and procedure", "description": "The steps, skills and tools involved in using a Greek fire.", "findings": [ { "id": "procedures-and-skills", "name": "Procedures, skills and required tools", "description": "What an agent needs before it can act on a Greek fire at all.", "questions": [ { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes handling a Greek fire, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about handling a Greek fire, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once handling a Greek fire is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a Greek fire came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a Greek fire and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a Greek fire, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a Greek fire, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a Greek fire is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a Greek fire is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a Greek fire, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a Greek fire, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a Greek fire is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 13, "findings": 15, "questions": 45 } } } }