{ "model": { "rank": 5155, "code": "thing-q179687", "model_id": "vr.tr.cross-country-skiing", "name": "cross-country skiing", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a cross-country skiing activity, assess how its technique, equipment, terrain and participant capabilities fit together, and identify appropriate next actions.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Activities and processes", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "ACT", "domain": "ACT.ACT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q179687/", "tier": 2, "score": 69, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "women's cross country skiing", "men's cross country skiing", "cross-country skiing in unbroken snow", "cross-country sprint", "skiathlon", "ski marathon", "classic cross-country skiing", "free style (cross country skiing)", "para cross-country skiing", "cross-country skiing at the Winter Olympics" ], "aliasCount": 10, "merged": 11, "knownIn": 69, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q179687", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179687", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T21:47:21Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 20.2, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08822-b8d8-74a2-9474-09536ca9441b\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: cross-country skiing\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: ACT.ACT\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 1001 things:\n# Batch 005:", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 69.8, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08822-b8e4-7a10-8816-eae9b675bfee\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: cross-country skiing\nRegistry id: vr.tr.cross-country-skiing\nPlane / domain: ACT / ACT.ACT\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into thi" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q179687", "registryId": "vr.tr.cross-country-skiing", "name": "cross-country skiing", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "ACT.ACT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q179687/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.cross-country-skiing", "name": "cross-country skiing", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a cross-country skiing activity, assess how its technique, equipment, terrain and participant capabilities fit together, and identify appropriate next actions.", "definition": "Cross-country skiing is a form of skiing in which participants propel themselves across snow-covered terrain, including level ground, climbs and descents, using skis with free-heel bindings and usually poles.", "scope_statement": "This model owns cross-country skiing as a human activity involving self-propelled travel on snow using skis with heels free to lift, including recreational outings, training and competition; it records the relationships needed to assess a particular session without owning the skier, equipment or venue models.", "in_scope": [ "Classic, skate and mixed-technique cross-country skiing sessions", "Coordination of ski glide, propulsion, balance, braking and turning", "Compatibility between skiing technique, ski preparation and available snow surfaces", "Route demands, participant readiness and session progression", "Recreational, training and competitive purposes and their constraints" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Ski manufacturing, equipment inventories and maintenance histories as independent records", "Alpine skiing, ski jumping and the scored jumping component of Nordic combined", "Biathlon shooting performance and firearm handling", "Ski mountaineering and technical backcountry travel as complete activities", "Clinical diagnosis, treatment and individual medical clearance", "Venue ownership, trail construction and event administration as independent systems" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "The skier generates forward travel through ski and often pole actions across level or rolling snow terrain; downhill gliding can be part of the activity but does not define it.", "Bindings permit the heel to lift during propulsion, although this feature alone does not distinguish cross-country skiing from telemark skiing or ski touring.", "Classic progression uses substantially parallel skis, while skate progression uses angled ski pushes; the model distinguishes these movement patterns within the same activity.", "A session can occur in prepared classic tracks, on a groomed skating surface or on suitable ungroomed snow; a prepared track is not required for recognition.", "Roller skiing is a related training activity on wheeled equipment and is recorded as a neighbouring activity rather than a snow-based cross-country skiing instance." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Session purpose", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "recreation | transport | skills practice | endurance training | competition | mixed", "why_it_matters": "Determines which outcomes and constraints should guide session decisions." }, { "name": "Technique used", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "classic | skate | mixed | undetermined; record by segment where necessary", "why_it_matters": "Connects movement choices to surface width, equipment and any event restrictions." }, { "name": "Surface provision", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "prepared classic tracks | groomed skating surface | ungroomed snow | mixed", "why_it_matters": "Indicates which movement patterns the route can accommodate." }, { "name": "Route distance", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "km, with planned or observed status", "why_it_matters": "Supports duration estimates, route comparison and progress tracking." }, { "name": "Route climbing and descent demands", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "cumulative ascent and descent in m; segment gradient in %", "why_it_matters": "Exposes demands that total distance alone conceals." }, { "name": "Snow and track condition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "timestamped observations of firmness, moisture, icing, coverage and track integrity", "why_it_matters": "Affects grip, glide, steering and the reliability of earlier route assessments." }, { "name": "Equipment suitability", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "session technique and conditions linked to skis, boots, bindings, poles and preparation; suitability confirmed | uncertain | unsuitable", "why_it_matters": "Prevents treating possession of ski equipment as evidence that it fits the intended session." }, { "name": "Participant control capability", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "observed ability to propel, climb, brake, turn and recover balance under specified conditions", "why_it_matters": "Supports matching the route to demonstrated skills." }, { "name": "Session exposure", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "elapsed and moving time in min; distance from accessible exit in km where known", "why_it_matters": "Supports pacing, turnaround and exit decisions." }, { "name": "Applicable technique constraints", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "session linked to dated event rules or local trail instructions, or no identified constraints", "why_it_matters": "Separates physically possible movements from those permitted in a particular context." } ], "affordances": [ "Classify a proposed or observed session by technique, purpose and snow-surface context.", "Compare route segments with the skier's demonstrated climbing, braking and turning capabilities.", "Identify equipment or ski-preparation mismatches that require inspection or adjustment.", "Adapt technique practice, pacing or route length to observed grip, glide and fatigue.", "Identify when deteriorating conditions or loss of control justify shortening or ending the session.", "Assess recorded session actions against the specific trail or competition constraints that apply." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "activity-identity-and-context", "name": "Activity identity and context", "description": "Establishes which cross-country skiing activity is being modelled and where its boundaries lie.", "rationale": "Free-heel equipment and snow travel are shared with neighbouring activities, so recognition requires purpose and movement context.", "layers": [ { "id": "ski-travel-identity", "name": "Ski travel identity", "description": "Identifies the defining travel pattern of the session.", "findings": [ { "id": "self-propelled-snow-travel", "name": "Self-propelled snow travel", "description": "Record whether the session centres on skier-generated progression over snow, with downhill sections understood within the whole route.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the activity centre on self-propelled ski travel across snow rather than repeated gravity-driven descents?", "kind": "definition", "id": "self-propelled-snow-travel-q01" }, { "text": "Which segments, if any, are better represented as ski touring, ski mountaineering or another neighbouring activity?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "self-propelled-snow-travel-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "session-purpose", "name": "Session purpose", "description": "Connects the session to its intended outcome.", "findings": [ { "id": "purpose-and-completion", "name": "Purpose and completion", "description": "Record whether successful completion means reaching a destination, practising a skill, completing training or meeting a competition objective.", "questions": [ { "text": "What outcome defines success for this skiing session?", "kind": "definition", "id": "purpose-and-completion-q01" }, { "text": "How should the route or session duration change if that outcome becomes impractical?", "kind": "action", "id": "purpose-and-completion-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "propulsion-and-ski-control", "name": "Propulsion and ski control", "description": "Represents how the skier moves, changes technique and maintains control.", "rationale": "Cross-country skiing feasibility depends on terrain-specific movement skills, not simply the ability to stand on skis.", "layers": [ { "id": "technique-selection", "name": "Technique selection", "description": "Relates classic or skate movements to the segment being travelled.", "findings": [ { "id": "propulsion-pattern-fit", "name": "Propulsion pattern fit", "description": "Record the ski and pole movement pattern used and whether it provides workable propulsion on the available surface and gradient.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which classic or skate movement pattern is used on each relevant terrain segment?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "propulsion-pattern-fit-q01" }, { "text": "Does slipping, interrupted glide or excessive effort indicate a need to change technique or inspect ski preparation?", "kind": "action", "id": "propulsion-pattern-fit-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "descending-and-transitions", "name": "Descending and transitions", "description": "Captures control when speed, direction or track use changes.", "findings": [ { "id": "controlled-speed-and-direction", "name": "Controlled speed and direction", "description": "Record demonstrated braking, turning and track-entry or track-exit ability under the actual snow conditions.", "questions": [ { "text": "Can the skier control speed and direction on the route's descents and bends under current conditions?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "controlled-speed-and-direction-q01" }, { "text": "Where should the skier use an easier alternative, stop or seek instruction before proceeding?", "kind": "action", "id": "controlled-speed-and-direction-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "equipment-grip-and-glide", "name": "Equipment, grip and glide", "description": "Connects the equipment used to propulsion and control in the intended skiing context.", "rationale": "Technique depends on suitable equipment interfaces and a workable balance between grip and glide.", "layers": [ { "id": "equipment-compatibility", "name": "Equipment compatibility", "description": "Assesses the assembled ski system for the skier and session.", "findings": [ { "id": "ski-system-fit", "name": "Ski system fit", "description": "Record boot-binding compatibility and the suitability of skis and poles for the intended technique and skier.", "questions": [ { "text": "What manufacturer information or inspection confirms that the boots and bindings are compatible and secure?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "ski-system-fit-q01" }, { "text": "Are the skis and poles suitable for the skier and planned technique, or does their suitability remain unverified?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "ski-system-fit-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "snow-equipment-interaction", "name": "Snow-equipment interaction", "description": "Assesses observed grip and glide rather than assuming preparation is effective.", "findings": [ { "id": "grip-and-glide-response", "name": "Grip and glide response", "description": "For classic skiing, record the grip system and its observed traction; for all techniques, record glide problems and snow accumulation affecting movement.", "questions": [ { "text": "During a representative trial, do the skis slip during intended grip, drag during glide or accumulate snow?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "grip-and-glide-response-q01" }, { "text": "What inspection or preparation adjustment is appropriate before continuing on the planned route?", "kind": "action", "id": "grip-and-glide-response-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "snow-route-and-access", "name": "Snow, route and access", "description": "Represents the snow corridor through which the skiing session can proceed.", "rationale": "Distance and elevation do not establish skiability without surface, width, continuity and access information.", "layers": [ { "id": "skiable-surface", "name": "Skiable surface", "description": "Records whether the route supports the intended movement pattern.", "findings": [ { "id": "surface-continuity-and-space", "name": "Surface continuity and space", "description": "Record snow coverage, classic-track integrity and available skating or manoeuvring width by relevant segment.", "questions": [ { "text": "Where are snow cover, track condition or available width insufficient for the intended technique?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "surface-continuity-and-space-q01" }, { "text": "When and by whom were grooming and surface conditions last observed?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "surface-continuity-and-space-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "route-demands-and-exits", "name": "Route demands and exits", "description": "Relates terrain demands and changing conditions to practical route choices.", "findings": [ { "id": "route-feasibility", "name": "Route feasibility", "description": "Record demanding climbs, descents, exposed sections and accessible exits, with uncertainty where current information is missing.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which segments create the greatest climbing, descent-control or weather-exposure demands for this skier?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "route-feasibility-q01" }, { "text": "Which shorter loop, turnaround or exit remains usable if snow conditions or skier capability deteriorate?", "kind": "action", "id": "route-feasibility-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "session-management-and-rules", "name": "Session management and rules", "description": "Connects effort, control and applicable operating constraints to decisions during the session.", "rationale": "A skiable route can become unsuitable through fatigue, changing conditions or restrictions on technique and trail use.", "layers": [ { "id": "effort-and-progression", "name": "Effort and progression", "description": "Tracks whether the session remains manageable as skiing continues.", "findings": [ { "id": "fatigue-and-control-trend", "name": "Fatigue and control trend", "description": "Record changes in effort, coordination and control alongside elapsed time and remaining route demands.", "questions": [ { "text": "How are perceived effort, propulsion quality and braking or turning control changing through the session?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "fatigue-and-control-trend-q01" }, { "text": "Should the skier reduce pace, rest or shorten the route before further demanding terrain?", "kind": "action", "id": "fatigue-and-control-trend-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "trail-and-event-constraints", "name": "Trail and event constraints", "description": "Identifies instructions that govern the specific recreational or competitive setting.", "findings": [ { "id": "applicable-skiing-rules", "name": "Applicable skiing rules", "description": "Record the dated source of any technique designation, direction of travel, passing instruction, closure or event requirement that affects the session.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which current trail instructions or event documents govern technique and movement on this route?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "applicable-skiing-rules-q01" }, { "text": "Do any planned movements or route choices conflict with those documented constraints?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "applicable-skiing-rules-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "This describes the physical activity and sport, encompassing recreation and competition.", "The listed kinds span technique, setting and race format and are not mutually exclusive; competition freestyle permits skating rather than requiring it.", "Race distances are illustrative, not regulatory limits; researchers should verify current FIS rules, event categories and equipment requirements." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of cross-country skiing this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Classic skiing, using predominantly parallel ski movements", "Skate skiing, using angled outward pushes", "Recreational touring on prepared trails", "Backcountry cross-country touring on ungroomed terrain", "Sprint racing", "Distance racing" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of cross-country skiing this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "International Ski and Snowboard Federation (FIS) International Competition Rules for cross-country skiing govern sanctioned competitions, including courses, techniques, starts and results.", "FIS specifications for competition equipment govern equipment used in sanctioned racing.", "World Anti-Doping Agency World Anti-Doping Code and Prohibited List apply through the sport's anti-doping rules." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of cross-country skiing this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Recreation and outdoor exercise", "Competitive endurance and sprint sport", "Winter travel across snow-covered landscapes", "Skiing component of biathlon and Nordic combined", "Military winter mobility and training" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of cross-country skiing this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Course distance", "typical_range": "Sprint races are commonly approximately 1-2; distance races commonly span approximately 5-50, with longer marathon events also held", "unit": "km" }, { "quantity": "Elapsed race time", "typical_range": "Minutes for sprint efforts to several hours for long-distance events", "unit": "s" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of cross-country skiing this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Falls and collisions, particularly on descents, corners or crowded trails", "Loss of grip or glide from unsuitable ski preparation or changing snow conditions", "Cold exposure, including hypothermia and frostbite", "Fatigue and overuse injuries from repetitive loading", "Navigation difficulties and avalanche exposure on some ungroomed backcountry routes" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of cross-country skiing this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Nordic countries have strong traditions of recreational touring, club racing and mass-participation distance events.", "Prepared venues may provide classic tracks, a wider skating lane, or both; local grooming provision affects which techniques are practical.", "The term Nordic skiing is sometimes used loosely for cross-country skiing, but also encompasses other disciplines such as ski jumping and Nordic combined." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of cross-country skiing this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Alpine skiing", "difference": "Alpine skiing primarily involves descending slopes with the heel secured; cross-country skiing uses free-heel propulsion across varied terrain." }, { "name": "Ski touring", "difference": "Ski touring is a broader travel practice that can overlap with cross-country skiing; alpine touring typically uses climbing skins for ascent and bindings that secure the heel for descent." }, { "name": "Biathlon", "difference": "Biathlon combines cross-country skiing with rifle shooting; cross-country skiing alone does not include shooting." }, { "name": "Nordic combined", "difference": "Nordic combined combines ski jumping with cross-country racing." }, { "name": "Roller skiing", "difference": "Roller skiing uses wheeled equipment on firm surfaces to reproduce skiing movements rather than travelling on snow." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of cross-country skiing this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Where should the registry draw the boundary between ungroomed recreational cross-country skiing and Nordic ski touring, given overlapping equipment and terminology?", "Should adaptive seated cross-country skiing share this model through additional propulsion and equipment layers, or link to a separately registered specialisation?", "Which recognised technique taxonomy should supply movement names without imposing one coaching tradition on all users?", "Which trail-difficulty descriptions can be compared across regions, and which require retaining local definitions?", "What evidence is sufficient to classify equipment suitability and participant control capability when only self-reported information is available?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 18, "questions": 28 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a cross-country skiing, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a cross-country skiing activity, assess how its technique, equipment, terrain and participant capabilities fit together, and identify appropriate next actions.", "characteristics": { "substance": "activity", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: women's cross country skiing, men's cross country skiing, cross-country skiing in unbroken snow, cross-country sprint, skiathlon, ski marathon, classic cross-country skiing, free style (cross country skiing), para cross-country skiing, cross-country skiing at the Winter Olympics.", "11 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 69 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a cross-country skiing, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "something that happens over time", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "women's cross country skiing", "men's cross country skiing", "cross-country skiing in unbroken snow", "cross-country sprint", "skiathlon", "ski marathon", "classic cross-country skiing", "free style (cross country skiing)", "para cross-country skiing", "cross-country skiing at the Winter Olympics" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 69 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 11 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one cross-country skiing from another, and a cross-country skiing from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a cross-country skiing, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a cross-country skiing, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a cross-country skiing is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a cross-country skiing, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a cross-country skiing, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a cross-country skiing is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a cross-country skiing sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a cross-country skiing, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a cross-country skiing, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a cross-country skiing is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a cross-country skiing from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a cross-country skiing, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a cross-country skiing, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a cross-country skiing is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a cross-country skiing passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a cross-country skiing between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a cross-country skiing, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a cross-country skiing, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a cross-country skiing is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a cross-country skiing, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a cross-country skiing is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a cross-country skiing, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a cross-country skiing, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a cross-country skiing is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "process-and-outcome", "name": "Process, inputs and outcome", "description": "How a cross-country skiing proceeds, what it needs and what it leaves behind.", "rationale": "An activity is known by its steps and its results, and both have to be recordable while it is still running.", "layers": [ { "id": "steps-and-sequence", "name": "Steps and sequence", "description": "The steps of a cross-country skiing, their order and what may run in parallel.", "findings": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions", "name": "Steps, preconditions and completion", "description": "What has to be true before each step of a cross-country skiing and what marks it done.", "questions": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a step of a cross-country skiing, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a step of a cross-country skiing, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a step of a cross-country skiing is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-results", "name": "Inputs, resources and results", "description": "What a cross-country skiing consumes and what it produces.", "findings": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs", "name": "Inputs, outputs and side effects", "description": "The resources a cross-country skiing takes and the results it leaves, wanted or not.", "questions": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the inputs and results of a cross-country skiing, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the inputs and results of a cross-country skiing, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the inputs and results of a cross-country skiing is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What cross-country skiing is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of cross-country skiing are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is cross-country skiing operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of cross-country skiing and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of cross-country skiing?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as cross-country skiing?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a cross-country skiing came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a cross-country skiing and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a cross-country skiing, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a cross-country skiing, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a cross-country skiing is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a cross-country skiing is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a cross-country skiing, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a cross-country skiing, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a cross-country skiing is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }