{ "model": { "rank": 3238, "code": "thing-q179731", "model_id": "vr.tr.sodium-bicarbonate", "name": "sodium bicarbonate", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise sodium bicarbonate, assess the condition and suitability of a particular material lot, and determine which uses its composition, grade and handling constraints support.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.MAT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q179731/", "tier": 2, "score": 89, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "Arm & Hammer" ], "aliasCount": 1, "merged": 1, "knownIn": 89, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q179731", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179731", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T14:13:34Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 26.1, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07c36-80ae-7672-baaf-575d4fd61952\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: sodium bicarbonate\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.MAT\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 546 things:\n# Batch 003: 10", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 73.3, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07c36-80a3-7bb1-8616-26c6dba6d4d2\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: sodium bicarbonate\nRegistry id: vr.tr.sodium-bicarbonate\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.MAT\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this en" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q179731", "registryId": "vr.tr.sodium-bicarbonate", "name": "sodium bicarbonate", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.MAT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q179731/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.sodium-bicarbonate", "name": "sodium bicarbonate", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise sodium bicarbonate, assess the condition and suitability of a particular material lot, and determine which uses its composition, grade and handling constraints support.", "definition": "Sodium bicarbonate is the inorganic salt NaHCO₃, composed of sodium and hydrogen carbonate ions, that forms a white crystalline solid and acts as a weak base and an acid-neutralizing agent.", "scope_statement": "This model owns sodium bicarbonate as the chemical substance NaHCO3 under registry entry vr.tr.sodium-bicarbonate in PHY / PHY.MAT, including its identity, material state, composition, reactivity and grade-dependent suitability; it distinguishes the substance from formulated products and processes that use it.", "in_scope": [ "Chemical identity and differentiation from sodium carbonate and other bicarbonate salts", "Solid material and identified aqueous preparations, with concentration and conditions recorded", "Assay, moisture, impurities, particle properties and lot-specific grade evidence", "Acid neutralisation, carbon dioxide release and thermal decomposition", "Storage condition, hazard evidence and requirements governing a proposed use" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Baking powder, cleaning mixtures and other formulated products containing sodium bicarbonate", "Clinical diagnosis, treatment selection and patient-specific dosing", "Manufacturing plant design and process operation", "Complete food recipes and leavening process models", "Sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide and other separately identified substances" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "The stated composition is NaHCO3, with sodium and bicarbonate in a 1:1 formula ratio; sodium carbonate instead has composition Na2CO3.", "A suitable identity assessment establishes both sodium and bicarbonate; white appearance or carbon dioxide evolution under acid alone does not uniquely identify the substance.", "An aqueous pH result must be interpreted with concentration and temperature; it can help distinguish bicarbonate-rich material from carbonate-rich material but is not sufficient identification by itself.", "A material sold as baking powder contains additional ingredients and must be represented as a formulation rather than identified wholesale as sodium bicarbonate.", "Heating can produce sodium carbonate, carbon dioxide and water; resulting carbonate content distinguishes altered material from the original bicarbonate specification." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Chemical identity", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "NaHCO3; sodium bicarbonate; sodium hydrogen carbonate", "why_it_matters": "Anchors recognition to composition rather than a trade name or intended use." }, { "name": "External identity records", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Verified CAS, PubChem and EC records with source and verification date", "why_it_matters": "Connects the material to authoritative substance records without confusing supplier product identifiers with chemical identity." }, { "name": "Sodium bicarbonate assay", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Mass percentage, stating as-received or dry basis and analytical method", "why_it_matters": "Supports purity assessment and calculations of available bicarbonate." }, { "name": "Carbonate and other impurities", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Mass percentage or mg/kg by named analyte, method and reporting limit", "why_it_matters": "Separates bicarbonate content from carbonate contamination or conversion and checks use-specific impurity limits." }, { "name": "Moisture content", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Mass percentage with method; distinguish water determination from loss on drying", "why_it_matters": "Moisture affects handling and assay interpretation, while heating-based methods may also capture decomposition losses." }, { "name": "Physical form and particle distribution", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Powder, crystals, granules or aqueous preparation; particle-size distribution in µm where applicable", "why_it_matters": "Affects dissolution, dust generation, flow and reliable dispensing." }, { "name": "Solution concentration and pH", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Concentration in mol/L or g/L; pH with temperature in °C and preparation conditions", "why_it_matters": "Makes solution behaviour comparable and avoids treating pH as an unconditional substance constant." }, { "name": "Thermal behaviour", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Decomposition observations in °C with heating rate, atmosphere and method; melting or boiling entries qualified for decomposition", "why_it_matters": "Prevents decomposition data from being misreported as ordinary melting or boiling points." }, { "name": "Grade and conformance", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Named specification, edition, supplier claim, lot certificate and verified conformance status", "why_it_matters": "Chemical identity alone does not establish suitability for food, pharmaceutical, analytical or technical uses." }, { "name": "Hazard and exposure assessment", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Current applicable SDS and GHS status by jurisdiction; applicable exposure limits in mg/m³ with averaging period and particulate fraction", "why_it_matters": "Supports handling decisions while distinguishing verified classifications and limits from missing information." } ], "affordances": [ "Check whether a named material or lot is sodium bicarbonate using identity evidence and composition.", "Calculate bicarbonate quantity and potential acid-neutralising capacity from mass, assay and reaction assumptions.", "Assess whether dissolution, moisture exposure or heating has changed the material's usable state.", "Evaluate carbon dioxide generation and containment requirements before a proposed acid-contact operation.", "Match a documented lot to a specified use and flag missing grade or impurity evidence.", "Choose storage and handling measures from verified material condition and applicable safety documentation." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "bicarbonate-identity-and-boundaries", "name": "Bicarbonate identity and boundaries", "description": "Establishes the sodium bicarbonate identity and separates it from related salts and containing products.", "rationale": "Similar names, appearances and uses can conceal chemically distinct materials.", "layers": [ { "id": "chemical-identity-evidence", "name": "Chemical identity evidence", "description": "Connects composition and analytical evidence to verified substance records.", "findings": [ { "id": "sodium-and-bicarbonate-confirmation", "name": "Sodium and bicarbonate confirmation", "description": "Recognition requires evidence consistent with NaHCO3 rather than appearance or a single nonspecific reaction.", "questions": [ { "text": "What evidence establishes both sodium and bicarbonate and distinguishes the sample from sodium carbonate or another bicarbonate salt?", "kind": "definition", "id": "sodium-and-bicarbonate-confirmation-q01" }, { "text": "Which authoritative records verify the CAS number, PubChem CID and EC number attached to this identity?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "sodium-and-bicarbonate-confirmation-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "substance-product-boundary", "name": "Substance and product boundary", "description": "Determines whether the referent is the substance, a prepared solution or a multi-ingredient product.", "findings": [ { "id": "containing-product-separation", "name": "Containing product separation", "description": "A bicarbonate ingredient does not make an entire formulation an instance of the pure substance.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the name refer to sodium bicarbonate material, a solution of stated composition, or a formulation such as baking powder?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "containing-product-separation-q01" }, { "text": "Which additives, solvents or other active ingredients require a linked product or mixture model?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "containing-product-separation-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "lot-composition-and-grade", "name": "Lot composition and grade", "description": "Records how much bicarbonate a lot contains and what its documented quality permits.", "rationale": "Purity, carbonate content and grade determine whether nominally identical material supports a proposed use.", "layers": [ { "id": "assay-and-impurity-profile", "name": "Assay and impurity profile", "description": "Separates bicarbonate assay from moisture, carbonate and other relevant constituents.", "findings": [ { "id": "interpretable-bicarbonate-assay", "name": "Interpretable bicarbonate assay", "description": "An assay must identify its basis and method and explain how carbonate or other alkalinity contributors are handled.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is the sodium bicarbonate mass fraction, on what reporting basis, and by which analytical method?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "interpretable-bicarbonate-assay-q01" }, { "text": "How were sodium carbonate, moisture and use-relevant impurities measured or bounded rather than counted indiscriminately as bicarbonate?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "interpretable-bicarbonate-assay-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "grade-evidence-and-use", "name": "Grade evidence and use", "description": "Links lot evidence to a named specification and intended application.", "findings": [ { "id": "documented-use-qualification", "name": "Documented use qualification", "description": "Suitability depends on demonstrated requirements rather than an unqualified food, pharmaceutical or laboratory label.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which specification and edition define the claimed grade, and which lot-specific certificate supports conformance?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "documented-use-qualification-q01" }, { "text": "Which requirements of the proposed use are satisfied, untested or outside the scope of that grade?", "kind": "action", "id": "documented-use-qualification-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "physical-state-and-transformation", "name": "Physical state and transformation", "description": "Tracks solid handling properties, dissolution and thermal alteration.", "rationale": "Clumping, solution conditions and conversion to carbonate change behaviour even when the original label remains the same.", "layers": [ { "id": "solid-and-solution-condition", "name": "Solid and solution condition", "description": "Makes observed physical condition and aqueous measurements interpretable.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-dependent-properties", "name": "Condition-dependent properties", "description": "Particle properties, moisture, solubility and pH need sample and measurement conditions.", "questions": [ { "text": "What particle distribution, moisture level and caking condition affect this solid lot's flow, dust generation and dissolution?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "condition-dependent-properties-q01" }, { "text": "For an aqueous preparation, what concentration, temperature and carbon dioxide exposure accompany the measured pH and dissolution observations?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "condition-dependent-properties-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "thermal-conversion", "name": "Thermal conversion", "description": "Distinguishes thermal decomposition from reversible changes of physical phase.", "findings": [ { "id": "bicarbonate-to-carbonate-change", "name": "Bicarbonate-to-carbonate change", "description": "Heating can convert sodium bicarbonate to sodium carbonate with release of carbon dioxide and water.", "questions": [ { "text": "What temperature, duration, atmosphere and analytical evidence establish whether thermal conversion has occurred?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "bicarbonate-to-carbonate-change-q01" }, { "text": "Does a reported melting or boiling value actually describe decomposition, and what source and method justify the interpretation?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "bicarbonate-to-carbonate-change-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "reactivity-and-handling-decisions", "name": "Reactivity and handling decisions", "description": "Connects bicarbonate chemistry and documented safety requirements to proposed operations.", "rationale": "Acid contact and heating can generate gas, while handling requirements depend on material form and use context.", "layers": [ { "id": "neutralisation-and-gas-release", "name": "Neutralisation and gas release", "description": "Characterises acid consumption and carbon dioxide generation under specified conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "bounded-reaction-capacity", "name": "Bounded reaction capacity", "description": "Neutralisation and gas estimates require assay, available reactants and explicit reaction assumptions.", "questions": [ { "text": "Given the lot assay and available acid, what bicarbonate amount can react and what carbon dioxide quantity follows from the stated stoichiometric assumptions?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "bounded-reaction-capacity-q01" }, { "text": "How will reaction rate, foaming and gas escape be accommodated, particularly if any part of the operation is enclosed?", "kind": "action", "id": "bounded-reaction-capacity-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "storage-and-applicable-safety", "name": "Storage and applicable safety", "description": "Uses verified documentation and exposure conditions to guide storage and handling.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-based-handling", "name": "Evidence-based handling", "description": "Handling decisions require applicable classification evidence and consideration of dust, moisture, heat and incompatible contact.", "questions": [ { "text": "What current supplier SDS, jurisdictional GHS classification and applicable particulate exposure limits cover this material and operation?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "evidence-based-handling-q01" }, { "text": "What packaging, storage conditions and handling controls preserve the required grade and manage dust or unintended acid and heat exposure?", "kind": "action", "id": "evidence-based-handling-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "This is recall-based information; no sources were consulted.", "Verify current monograph editions, jurisdiction-specific permissions, GHS classification and applicable occupational exposure limits before operational use.", "Confirm properties against specified temperature, concentration, purity and measurement method; thermal decomposition depends on heating conditions." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of sodium bicarbonate this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Technical grade", "Food grade", "Pharmaceutical grade", "Analytical reagent grade" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of sodium bicarbonate this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "CAS Registry Number", "value_or_pattern": "144-55-8", "note": "Identifies sodium bicarbonate as a substance, without specifying grade or purity." }, { "scheme": "PubChem CID", "value_or_pattern": "516892", "note": "Compound identifier for sodium bicarbonate." }, { "scheme": "EC number", "value_or_pattern": "205-633-8", "note": "European chemical inventory identifier." }, { "scheme": "EU food additive E number", "value_or_pattern": "E 500(ii)", "note": "Sodium hydrogen carbonate; permitted applications and purity requirements require separate verification." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of sodium bicarbonate this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "United States Pharmacopeia-National Formulary, issued by USP: Sodium Bicarbonate monograph for pharmaceutical quality.", "European Pharmacopoeia, published by the Council of Europe through EDQM: Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate monograph.", "Food Chemicals Codex, published by USP: Sodium Bicarbonate monograph for food ingredient quality." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of sodium bicarbonate this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Chemical leavening in baking, where reaction with acids releases carbon dioxide.", "Preparation of mildly alkaline solutions and bicarbonate-containing buffer systems.", "Ingredient in formulated antacid and other pharmaceutical products.", "Acid-gas neutralization in industrial flue-gas treatment.", "Ingredient in some dry chemical fire-extinguishing powders." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of sodium bicarbonate this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Molar mass", "typical_range": "84.01", "unit": "g/mol" }, { "quantity": "Crystalline solid density near room temperature", "typical_range": "Approximately 2.2; distinct from powder bulk density", "unit": "g/cm³" }, { "quantity": "Aqueous solution pH", "typical_range": "Approximately 8.3 for a freshly prepared 0.1 mol/L solution near 25 °C", "unit": "dimensionless" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of sodium bicarbonate this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Reaction with acids releases carbon dioxide and can pressurize closed containers.", "Heating decomposes the substance to sodium carbonate, carbon dioxide and water; an ordinary melting or boiling point is not an appropriate characterization.", "Airborne powder can irritate eyes and the respiratory tract.", "Excessive ingestion can cause sodium loading and disturbances of acid-base and electrolyte balance.", "Substitution of technical grade for food or pharmaceutical grade can introduce unacceptable impurities." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of sodium bicarbonate this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Common English names include baking soda and bicarbonate of soda; sodium hydrogen carbonate is a systematic synonym.", "Food additive permissions, labeling rules and required purity specifications vary by jurisdiction.", "Pharmaceutical grade is assessed against the applicable pharmacopoeia and intended product requirements." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of sodium bicarbonate this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Sodium carbonate", "difference": "Has formula Na₂CO₃ and carbonate rather than hydrogen carbonate ions; its aqueous solutions are more strongly alkaline." }, { "name": "Baking powder", "difference": "Is a formulated mixture typically containing sodium bicarbonate, acid ingredients and a carrier, rather than the single substance NaHCO₃." }, { "name": "Potassium bicarbonate", "difference": "Has formula KHCO₃, with potassium replacing sodium." }, { "name": "Nahcolite", "difference": "Names the naturally occurring mineral form of NaHCO₃; sodium bicarbonate names the chemical substance regardless of origin." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of sodium bicarbonate this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Which authoritative sources confirm the CAS number, PubChem CID and EC number, and do their records consistently refer to the same substance scope?", "Which solubility, density and solution-pH reference measurements should be adopted, with explicit temperature, concentration and measurement conditions?", "How should thermal decomposition be represented across heating rates and atmospheres, and which published melting or boiling entries require qualification?", "Which current jurisdictional classifications and exposure limits apply, including whether any relevant limit is substance-specific or a general particulate limit?", "Which food, pharmaceutical, analytical and technical specifications should be supported, and what lot evidence and analytical methods adequately establish conformance?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 9, "findings": 17, "questions": 25 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "chemical substance or material", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a sodium bicarbonate, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to recognise sodium bicarbonate, assess the condition and suitability of a particular material lot, and determine which uses its composition, grade and handling constraints support.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "natural", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured", "consumed or used up" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: Arm & Hammer.", "1 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 89 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a sodium bicarbonate, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state", "use it up, and then need more of it" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Not recognisable by sight in any reliable way. Appearance varies with grade, form and additives; identification is by label, by documentation, or by assay." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "Arm & Hammer" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 89 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 1 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one sodium bicarbonate from another, and a sodium bicarbonate from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a sodium bicarbonate, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a sodium bicarbonate, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a sodium bicarbonate is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a sodium bicarbonate, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a sodium bicarbonate, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a sodium bicarbonate is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a sodium bicarbonate sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a sodium bicarbonate, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a sodium bicarbonate, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a sodium bicarbonate is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a sodium bicarbonate from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a sodium bicarbonate, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a sodium bicarbonate, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a sodium bicarbonate is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a sodium bicarbonate is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a sodium bicarbonate, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a sodium bicarbonate, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a sodium bicarbonate is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a sodium bicarbonate is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a sodium bicarbonate, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a sodium bicarbonate, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a sodium bicarbonate is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a sodium bicarbonate is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a sodium bicarbonate, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a sodium bicarbonate, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a sodium bicarbonate is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a sodium bicarbonate is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a sodium bicarbonate is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a sodium bicarbonate, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a sodium bicarbonate, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a sodium bicarbonate is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a sodium bicarbonate is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a sodium bicarbonate, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a sodium bicarbonate, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a sodium bicarbonate is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a sodium bicarbonate passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a sodium bicarbonate between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a sodium bicarbonate, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a sodium bicarbonate, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a sodium bicarbonate is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a sodium bicarbonate, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a sodium bicarbonate is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a sodium bicarbonate, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a sodium bicarbonate, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a sodium bicarbonate is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "use-and-operation", "name": "Use and operation", "description": "What can be done with a sodium bicarbonate and what it takes to do it.", "rationale": "An agent that can recognise a thing but not act on it has only half a model.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-use", "name": "Intended use and function", "description": "What a sodium bicarbonate is for, and what it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-and-purpose", "name": "Function, purpose and misuse", "description": "The function a sodium bicarbonate performs and the uses that fall outside it.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-and-purpose-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the use of a sodium bicarbonate, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "function-and-purpose-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the use of a sodium bicarbonate, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "function-and-purpose-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the use of a sodium bicarbonate is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "handling-and-procedure", "name": "Handling and procedure", "description": "The steps, skills and tools involved in using a sodium bicarbonate.", "findings": [ { "id": "procedures-and-skills", "name": "Procedures, skills and required tools", "description": "What an agent needs before it can act on a sodium bicarbonate at all.", "questions": [ { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes handling a sodium bicarbonate, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about handling a sodium bicarbonate, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once handling a sodium bicarbonate is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "supply-and-consumption", "name": "Supply and consumption", "description": "Quantities, rates and what running out means.", "findings": [ { "id": "consumption-and-stock", "name": "Consumption, stock and replenishment", "description": "How much of a sodium bicarbonate there is and how fast it goes.", "questions": [ { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the supply of a sodium bicarbonate, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the supply of a sodium bicarbonate, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the supply of a sodium bicarbonate is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "composition-and-identity", "name": "Composition, grade and chemical identity", "description": "What sodium bicarbonate is made of and how pure the thing in hand is.", "rationale": "Grade decides what a substance may be used for, so a model that records only the name cannot support any decision about use.", "layers": [ { "id": "chemical-identity", "name": "Chemical identity", "description": "Formula, structure and the registry numbers that name it unambiguously.", "findings": [ { "id": "identity-record", "name": "Identity and registry numbers", "description": "What identifies this substance across suppliers and regulators.", "questions": [ { "id": "identity-record-q01", "text": "What formula, structure and registry identifiers name sodium bicarbonate unambiguously?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "identity-record-q02", "text": "Which related substances share a name in common use but not an identifier?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "grade-and-impurities", "name": "Grade, purity and impurities", "description": "The specification a batch meets and what else is in it.", "findings": [ { "id": "specification", "name": "Specification and assay", "description": "How purity is stated and measured, and which impurities matter.", "questions": [ { "id": "specification-q01", "text": "What grades of sodium bicarbonate exist, how is purity assayed, and which impurities are limited?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "specification-q02", "text": "Which use requires which grade, and what happens when a lower grade is substituted?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "properties-and-behaviour", "name": "Properties and behaviour", "description": "How sodium bicarbonate behaves under conditions an agent can measure or change.", "rationale": "Physical constants are the part of a substance model that transfers between contexts, and each needs its unit and its conditions.", "layers": [ { "id": "physical-constants", "name": "Physical constants", "description": "Values that hold for the pure substance, with their conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "constants-record", "name": "Constants and conditions", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the state they apply in.", "questions": [ { "id": "constants-record-q01", "text": "What are the defining physical constants of sodium bicarbonate, in what units and under what conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "constants-record-q02", "text": "Which of these values change with grade or form rather than being fixed?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "stability-and-reactivity", "name": "Stability and reactivity", "description": "What it reacts with, degrades into, and how it is stored.", "findings": [ { "id": "incompatibilities", "name": "Incompatibilities and degradation", "description": "What must not meet it, and what it becomes over time.", "questions": [ { "id": "incompatibilities-q01", "text": "What is sodium bicarbonate incompatible with, and what does it degrade into under storage?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "incompatibilities-q02", "text": "What storage and handling does that require, and who is competent to do it?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "hazard-and-regulation", "name": "Hazard classification and regulation", "description": "How sodium bicarbonate can harm, and what the law says about holding and moving it.", "rationale": "A substance model without its hazard class and its regulatory identity is unusable in exactly the situations that matter.", "layers": [ { "id": "hazard-class", "name": "Hazard classification", "description": "Classified hazards, exposure limits and protective measures.", "findings": [ { "id": "classified-hazards", "name": "Classified hazards and limits", "description": "The classification, the scheme it belongs to, and the limits set.", "questions": [ { "id": "classified-hazards-q01", "text": "How is sodium bicarbonate classified for hazard, under which scheme, and what exposure limits apply?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "classified-hazards-q02", "text": "What protection does handling require, and what must an agent refuse to do without it?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "regulatory-identity", "name": "Regulatory identity and control", "description": "Registration, restriction and transport rules by jurisdiction.", "findings": [ { "id": "controls", "name": "Controls and jurisdiction", "description": "Where it is restricted and what the restriction attaches to.", "questions": [ { "id": "controls-q01", "text": "Which registrations, restrictions or transport rules cover sodium bicarbonate, and where?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "controls-q02", "text": "Does the control attach to the substance, its concentration, or its intended use?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a sodium bicarbonate came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a sodium bicarbonate and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a sodium bicarbonate, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a sodium bicarbonate, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a sodium bicarbonate is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a sodium bicarbonate is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a sodium bicarbonate, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a sodium bicarbonate, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a sodium bicarbonate is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 9, "layers": 20, "findings": 22, "questions": 60 } } } }