{ "model": { "rank": 4681, "code": "thing-q179904", "model_id": "vr.tr.hourglass", "name": "hourglass", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise an hourglass, assess whether it can reliably time an interval, and decide how to operate, inspect or care for it.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.OBJ", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q179904/", "tier": 2, "score": 73, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "Pulpit hourglasses" ], "aliasCount": 1, "merged": 1, "knownIn": 73, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.hourglass", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q179904", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179904", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T20:46:57Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 15.6, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a087eb-7f8f-7473-8a21-3ea2222076db\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: hourglass\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.OBJ\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 1001 things:\n# Batch 005: 1001 regis", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 64.4, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a087eb-7f8d-73a0-a822-12df99a33889\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: hourglass\nRegistry id: vr.tr.hourglass\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.OBJ\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\n\nCont" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q179904", "registryId": "vr.tr.hourglass", "name": "hourglass", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.OBJ" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q179904/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.hourglass", "name": "hourglass", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise an hourglass, assess whether it can reliably time an interval, and decide how to operate, inspect or care for it.", "definition": "An hourglass is a passive interval timer in which granular material flows under gravity through a narrow passage between two connected chambers, with the transfer of a calibrated charge marking a nominal elapsed time.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the physical hourglass kind registered as vr.tr.hourglass: a gravity-driven interval timer in which granular material passes between two chambers through a constriction, including functional and decorative examples but excluding graphical or metaphorical senses.", "in_scope": [ "Paired chambers, connecting constriction, granular charge, enclosure and supporting frame", "Timing by gravity-driven transfer and resetting by inversion", "Nominal duration, observed duration, repeatability and timing endpoints", "Orientation, transfer progress, blockage, leakage and physical damage", "Suitability for a stated timing task and permitted handling or maintenance" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Water clocks and other liquid-transfer timers", "Mechanical, electronic and software timers", "Hourglass icons, cursor animations and symbolic representations of time", "Granular materials as independently catalogued substances", "Product lines, individual asset histories and manufacturing businesses", "The activity being timed, including its independent safety requirements" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Has two connected chambers and a restricted passage through which a granular charge can transfer.", "Measures an interval through gravity-driven movement of grains rather than liquid flow, gears or electronic counting.", "Can ordinarily begin another full run by inversion after the charge has finished transferring.", "Primarily indicates progress toward completion of an interval rather than the time of day.", "An hourglass-shaped vessel without a functioning granular transfer path is a representation or decorative form, not automatically a working timer." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Functional classification", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "working interval timer | decorative hourglass | unverified", "why_it_matters": "Prevents visual resemblance from being treated as evidence of usable timing performance." }, { "name": "Nominal interval", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "s or min; include whether marked, documented or unknown", "why_it_matters": "Expresses the intended interval without assuming that the name hourglass means sixty minutes." }, { "name": "Observed full-run interval", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "s; recorded with orientation, start and finish criteria, and reference timer", "why_it_matters": "Establishes actual timing behaviour under stated conditions." }, { "name": "Repeatability", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "s; range or standard deviation across a stated number of runs", "why_it_matters": "Shows whether successive uses can support the required timing tolerance." }, { "name": "Directional timing difference", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "s between mean full-run intervals in the two inversion directions", "why_it_matters": "Checks whether either end may be used interchangeably for the intended task." }, { "name": "Granular charge", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "documented material and grain description | visually described | unknown", "why_it_matters": "Supports recognition and fault investigation without assuming that every charge is sand." }, { "name": "Chamber and constriction configuration", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "chamber materials, passage arrangement and visible geometry", "why_it_matters": "Identifies the physical transfer mechanism and accessible inspection points." }, { "name": "Run state", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "ready | flowing | completed | stalled | interrupted | indeterminate", "why_it_matters": "Separates a completed interval from a stopped or invalid run." }, { "name": "Operating orientation", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "degrees from vertical; identify upper chamber", "why_it_matters": "Records the setup associated with observed flow and timing." }, { "name": "Enclosure integrity", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "intact | cracked | leaking | loose joint | uncertain", "why_it_matters": "Determines whether handling or further timing use is appropriate." }, { "name": "Timing-task suitability", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "relationship to a task specifying required interval and permitted timing error", "why_it_matters": "Makes usability depend on the task's tolerance and demonstrated performance." } ], "affordances": [ "Invert and position the hourglass to begin a full interval from a verified starting charge distribution.", "Observe grain transfer and distinguish completion from stalled flow.", "Compare repeated runs with a reference timer in both inversion directions.", "Assess whether a run remains usable after tilting, shaking or premature inversion.", "Inspect chambers, seals, frame and support surfaces before handling or continued use.", "Remove a damaged or unreliable hourglass from timing service and identify documented care options." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-timing-boundary", "name": "Identity and timing boundary", "description": "Establishes which physical devices count as hourglasses and what their timing claim covers.", "rationale": "The name and silhouette alone do not establish a working timer or a one-hour interval.", "layers": [ { "id": "physical-recognition", "name": "Physical recognition", "description": "Recognises the granular transfer arrangement and separates it from look-alike objects.", "findings": [ { "id": "granular-transfer-identity", "name": "Granular transfer identity", "description": "Recognition should establish paired chambers, a connecting constriction and a granular charge, while recording whether transfer actually works.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the object have two chambers connected by a passage that permits granular transfer?", "kind": "definition", "id": "granular-transfer-identity-q01" }, { "text": "Is this a working hourglass, a decorative example, or an hourglass-shaped object without a timing mechanism?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "granular-transfer-identity-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "interval-claim", "name": "Interval claim", "description": "Separates the intended elapsed interval from the object's name and appearance.", "findings": [ { "id": "stated-duration", "name": "Stated duration", "description": "The intended interval needs an explicit basis; it should not be inferred from the word hourglass.", "questions": [ { "text": "What nominal duration, if any, is marked on the hourglass or stated in its documentation?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "stated-duration-q01" }, { "text": "Does the timing claim apply to complete transfer only, or also to intermediate marks?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "stated-duration-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "chambers-charge-and-support", "name": "Chambers, charge and support", "description": "Describes the parts that contain, restrict and support granular transfer.", "rationale": "Hourglass behaviour depends on the charge and transfer path, while safe inversion depends on the enclosure and support.", "layers": [ { "id": "transfer-path", "name": "Transfer path", "description": "Records the granular charge and the chamber-to-chamber passage.", "findings": [ { "id": "charge-and-constriction", "name": "Charge and constriction", "description": "The charge and narrow passage should be described from inspection or documentation, with inaccessible details left unknown.", "questions": [ { "text": "What evidence identifies the charge material, rather than merely its colour or appearance?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "charge-and-constriction-q01" }, { "text": "What can be observed or documented about the constriction and its freedom from obstruction?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "charge-and-constriction-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "containment-and-standing", "name": "Containment and standing", "description": "Records how the chambers retain their contents and stand in either operating direction.", "findings": [ { "id": "enclosure-and-inversion-support", "name": "Enclosure and inversion support", "description": "Chamber material, joints, frame and resting surfaces determine how the hourglass can be supported and inverted.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which parts contain the grains, and which parts provide grip or support during inversion?", "kind": "definition", "id": "enclosure-and-inversion-support-q01" }, { "text": "Can the hourglass stand securely in both intended operating orientations without loading a damaged part?", "kind": "action", "id": "enclosure-and-inversion-support-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "run-cycle-and-observation", "name": "Run cycle and observation", "description": "Defines a valid start, observable progress and an interpretable finish.", "rationale": "A stopped stream may mean completion or blockage, and partial inversion does not automatically start a known interval.", "layers": [ { "id": "starting-and-resetting", "name": "Starting and resetting", "description": "Establishes the initial charge distribution and the inversion procedure.", "findings": [ { "id": "full-run-start", "name": "Full-run start", "description": "A full-duration run needs a defined starting distribution and a consistent event from which elapsed time is measured.", "questions": [ { "text": "How is readiness confirmed before inversion, including any grains retained in the chamber that should be empty?", "kind": "action", "id": "full-run-start-q01" }, { "text": "Is the start recorded at inversion, placement, or first observed grain flow?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "full-run-start-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "progress-and-completion", "name": "Progress and completion", "description": "Interprets the visible stream and remaining charge without assuming a calibrated intermediate scale.", "findings": [ { "id": "completion-versus-stall", "name": "Completion versus stall", "description": "Completion requires a defined endpoint and inspection of remaining transferable charge; absence of flow alone is insufficient.", "questions": [ { "text": "When flow stops, is transferable charge still present above the constriction?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "completion-versus-stall-q01" }, { "text": "What visible event defines completion, including treatment of isolated late-falling grains?", "kind": "definition", "id": "completion-versus-stall-q02" }, { "text": "What evidence supports converting visible charge distribution or intermediate markings into elapsed time?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "completion-versus-stall-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "timing-performance-and-use", "name": "Timing performance and use", "description": "Connects measured timing behaviour with the requirements of a proposed use.", "rationale": "An hourglass can transfer grains successfully yet fail to meet the interval or consistency required by a task.", "layers": [ { "id": "duration-and-repeatability", "name": "Duration and repeatability", "description": "Measures full runs under recorded conditions and checks both directions.", "findings": [ { "id": "reference-timing", "name": "Reference timing", "description": "Performance assessment should retain individual run results, timing endpoints and direction rather than a single unsupported accuracy claim.", "questions": [ { "text": "What full-run durations are measured against a reference timer over repeated runs in each direction?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "reference-timing-q01" }, { "text": "What orientation, handling and endpoint rules were used for those measurements?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "reference-timing-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "task-fit-and-interruption", "name": "Task fit and interruption", "description": "Determines whether demonstrated performance and handling history support a timing decision.", "findings": [ { "id": "usable-interval", "name": "Usable interval", "description": "A usable run must satisfy the task's timing tolerance and have an acceptable start and uninterrupted operating history.", "questions": [ { "text": "What interval and maximum timing error does the intended task permit?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "usable-interval-q01" }, { "text": "Do observed duration and variability satisfy that requirement?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "usable-interval-q02" }, { "text": "After tilting, shaking, stalled flow or premature inversion, should the run be discarded and restarted?", "kind": "action", "id": "usable-interval-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "faults-and-care", "name": "Faults and care", "description": "Supports inspection, fault recognition and care appropriate to the particular hourglass.", "rationale": "Grain retention, obstruction and enclosure damage affect timing and may make further handling unsuitable.", "layers": [ { "id": "flow-and-integrity-faults", "name": "Flow and integrity faults", "description": "Separates observed symptoms from unverified explanations.", "findings": [ { "id": "fault-evidence", "name": "Fault evidence", "description": "Record clumping, wall adhesion, interrupted flow, lost charge and physical damage as observations before assigning a cause.", "questions": [ { "text": "Are grains clumped, adhering to chamber walls, or remaining above a passage with no continuing flow?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "fault-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Are there cracks, escaping grains, loose joints or an unstable supporting frame?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "fault-evidence-q02" }, { "text": "Which observations require stopping timing use or avoiding further inversion?", "kind": "action", "id": "fault-evidence-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "service-and-requalification", "name": "Service and requalification", "description": "Defines documented care options and checks needed after changes to the transfer system.", "findings": [ { "id": "permitted-care", "name": "Permitted care", "description": "Opening, refilling or modifying an hourglass should depend on its construction and documented service provisions; altered timing requires reassessment.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the hourglass sealed or explicitly designed for opening, adjustment or charge replacement?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "permitted-care-q01" }, { "text": "What cleaning, storage and handling methods are documented for its chamber, seals and frame?", "kind": "action", "id": "permitted-care-q02" }, { "text": "What timing checks are required before returning a repaired or modified hourglass to its intended task?", "kind": "action", "id": "permitted-care-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "This describes the physical timer kind; an hourglass need not measure exactly one hour.", "The stated interval range is illustrative of common products, not a specification or a limit; accuracy and repeatability require measurement of the particular unit.", "Filling materials vary and are not necessarily ordinary sand; no hourglass-specific standard or universal identifier is confidently recalled." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of hourglass this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Marine sandglass", "Egg timer", "Board-game sand timer", "Sauna sand timer", "Decorative hourglass" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of hourglass this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Timing short cooking tasks", "Limiting turns in games and timed activities", "Timing sauna sessions", "Historically timing shipboard watches and intervals used in measuring vessel speed", "Visually representing the passage of time" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of hourglass this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Nominal timing interval for common household and activity timers", "typical_range": "1-60", "unit": "min" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of hourglass this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Moisture ingress can make the granular material clump and interrupt flow.", "Particles can bridge or obstruct the narrow passage, stopping the timer.", "Tilt, vibration, or shaking can alter flow and impair repeatability.", "Damage to the constriction or loss of filling material can change the timing interval.", "Glass breakage can cause cuts and release the filling material." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of hourglass this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Water clock", "difference": "Uses liquid flow or changing liquid level rather than granular flow to measure time." }, { "name": "Mechanical timer", "difference": "Uses a mechanical timing mechanism, commonly driven by a wound spring, rather than material passing through a constriction." }, { "name": "Sundial", "difference": "Indicates solar time through the position of a shadow rather than measuring an interval through granular transfer." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of hourglass this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does an existing Vercy world model already cover the physical hourglass concept and therefore provide the authoritative publication for this registry entry?", "Which primary sources establish common hourglass charge materials, constriction designs and documented causes of timing variation?", "Are there applicable hourglass-specific performance standards, or only requirements tied to particular products and uses?", "What evidence supports typical durations, dimensions and achievable repeatability for distinct hourglass classes?", "Which designs provide validated intermediate timing marks, serviceable charges or equivalent timing in both inversion directions?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 16, "questions": 30 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "device, machine or tool", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a hourglass, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to recognise an hourglass, assess whether it can reliably time an interval, and decide how to operate, inspect or care for it.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "manufactured", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: Pulpit hourglasses.", "1 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 73 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a hourglass, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by form, by the arrangement of its controls, and by markings - a plate, a model number, a certification mark. Form alone rarely separates two models that do very different things." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "Pulpit hourglasses" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 73 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 1 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one hourglass from another, and a hourglass from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a hourglass, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a hourglass, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a hourglass is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a hourglass, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a hourglass, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a hourglass is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a hourglass sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a hourglass, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a hourglass, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a hourglass is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a hourglass from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a hourglass, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a hourglass, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a hourglass is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a hourglass is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a hourglass, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a hourglass, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a hourglass is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a hourglass is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a hourglass, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a hourglass, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a hourglass is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a hourglass is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a hourglass, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a hourglass, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a hourglass is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a hourglass is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a hourglass is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a hourglass, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a hourglass, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a hourglass is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a hourglass is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a hourglass, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a hourglass, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a hourglass is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a hourglass passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a hourglass between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a hourglass, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a hourglass, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a hourglass is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a hourglass, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a hourglass is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a hourglass, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a hourglass, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a hourglass is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "function-and-principle", "name": "Function and operating principle", "description": "What hourglass is for and how it achieves it.", "rationale": "Two devices with the same name can work on different principles, and the principle is what predicts failure and constrains use.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-function", "name": "Intended function", "description": "The job it does, and the jobs it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-record", "name": "Function, principle and variants", "description": "What it does, how, and which variants do it differently.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-record-q01", "text": "What function does hourglass perform, on what operating principle, and which variants differ in that principle?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "function-record-q02", "text": "What use falls outside the intended function but happens in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "capacity-and-rating", "name": "Capacity and rating", "description": "The numbers that say what it can do and where it stops.", "findings": [ { "id": "ratings", "name": "Ratings and their conditions", "description": "Rated capacity, power, throughput and the conditions each assumes.", "questions": [ { "id": "ratings-q01", "text": "What ratings characterise hourglass, in what units, and under what stated conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "ratings-q02", "text": "What happens beyond the rating - degradation, refusal, damage - and how is that detected?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "operation-and-state", "name": "Operation, controls and state", "description": "How hourglass is operated and what state it is in right now.", "rationale": "An agent acting on a device needs its current state and the controls that change it, not just its specification.", "layers": [ { "id": "controls-and-modes", "name": "Controls and modes", "description": "What can be set, what that changes, and what is interlocked.", "findings": [ { "id": "control-surface", "name": "Control surface and interlocks", "description": "The settings available and the conditions that block them.", "questions": [ { "id": "control-surface-q01", "text": "What controls and modes does hourglass have, and what does each change?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "control-surface-q02", "text": "Which actions are interlocked or forbidden in which state, and what must be true before acting?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-maintenance", "name": "Condition and maintenance", "description": "Wear, service intervals, consumables and the line between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "service-record", "name": "Condition, service and consumables", "description": "What is consumed, what is serviced, and how condition is judged.", "questions": [ { "id": "service-record-q01", "text": "What consumables and service does hourglass need, at what interval, and on whose authority?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "service-record-q02", "text": "What evidence separates a unit that is working from one that is out of service?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "kind-model-unit", "name": "Kind, model and unit", "description": "Whether a claim about hourglass is about the kind, a product line, or one physical unit.", "rationale": "This is the boundary most often got wrong for made things, and getting it wrong mixes a catalogue entry with the machine in the yard.", "layers": [ { "id": "level-of-reference", "name": "Level of reference", "description": "The three levels and what belongs at each.", "findings": [ { "id": "level-rules", "name": "What belongs to kind, model and unit", "description": "Which properties are shared by all of them and which are not.", "questions": [ { "id": "level-rules-q01", "text": "Which facts about hourglass hold for every one of them, which for a model, and which only for one unit?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "level-rules-q02", "text": "What identifies an individual unit, and what should an agent do when it has only the kind?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "standards-and-conformity", "name": "Standards and conformity", "description": "The standards a working example must meet and who attests it.", "findings": [ { "id": "conformity", "name": "Standards, marks and attestation", "description": "Which standard applies, who certifies, and what the mark means.", "questions": [ { "id": "conformity-q01", "text": "Which standards govern hourglass, issued by whom, and what does conformity actually assert?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "conformity-q02", "text": "What may an agent conclude from a certification mark, and what may it not?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a hourglass came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a hourglass and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a hourglass, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a hourglass, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a hourglass is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a hourglass is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a hourglass, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a hourglass, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a hourglass is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }