{ "model": { "rank": 4591, "code": "thing-q179918", "model_id": "vr.tr.permafrost", "name": "permafrost", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise permafrost, assess its thermal and physical state, and identify evidence needed for land use, infrastructure, and environmental decisions.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.LIV", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q179918/", "tier": 2, "score": 74, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "Yedoma" ], "aliasCount": 1, "merged": 1, "knownIn": 74, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q179918", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179918", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T20:34:39Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 20.7, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a087e0-37c4-72e3-bd77-8b94ae26b023\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: permafrost\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.MAT\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 1001 things:\n# Batch 005: 1001 regi", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 65.7, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a087e0-37b9-75a2-800c-9271b9530e42\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: permafrost\nRegistry id: vr.tr.permafrost\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.MAT\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\n\nCo" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q179918", "registryId": "vr.tr.permafrost", "name": "permafrost", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.MAT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q179918/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.permafrost", "name": "permafrost", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise permafrost, assess its thermal and physical state, and identify evidence needed for land use, infrastructure, and environmental decisions.", "definition": "Permafrost is ground, including soil, sediment or rock, that remains at or below 0 °C for at least two consecutive years, whether or not it contains ice.", "scope_statement": "This model owns permafrost as ground that remains at or below 0 °C for at least two consecutive years, including its extent, constituent materials, ground ice, thermal history, and response to disturbance; it does not treat permafrost as a single chemical substance.", "in_scope": [ "Evidence that ground meets the temperature-and-duration definition", "Permafrost extent, depth, thickness, and spatial continuity", "Soil, sediment, rock, organic matter, water, and ground-ice composition", "Seasonal thaw, persistent unfrozen zones, and longer-term thermal change", "Thaw-related changes in ground stability, drainage, and carbon mobilisation", "Site-specific monitoring and constraints on ground disturbance" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Glaciers, ice sheets, sea ice, and seasonal snow as distinct cryosphere features", "Seasonally frozen ground that does not meet the permafrost duration criterion", "Complete ecosystem, watershed, and atmospheric climate models", "Structural design and operation of buildings, roads, and pipelines", "Chemical-substance registration, purity grades, and universal hazard classifications", "Land ownership, permitting, and community governance systems" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Qualification depends on ground temperature over at least two consecutive years, rather than a single observation of frozen ground.", "Permafrost can consist of soil, sediment, or rock; visible ice is not required for identification.", "The active layer seasonally thaws and refreezes above permafrost and must be recorded separately from the underlying permafrost.", "Ground ice is a constituent of some permafrost, whereas glacier ice is a separate physical body.", "Permafrost is defined thermally; ice content, salinity, and the amount of unfrozen water require separate evidence." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Thermal qualification", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "confirmed | inferred | unresolved | criterion not met; supporting observation period", "why_it_matters": "Separates demonstrated permafrost from seasonal freezing and indirect predictions." }, { "name": "Ground-temperature profile", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "°C by depth in m, observation time, and measurement uncertainty", "why_it_matters": "Establishes thermal state and supports comparison across depths and monitoring periods." }, { "name": "Permafrost geometry", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "upper and lower boundary depths in m; thickness in m; mapped area in m² or km²", "why_it_matters": "Locates the affected ground and distinguishes measured boundaries from unresolved ones." }, { "name": "Spatial continuity", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "continuous | discontinuous | sporadic | isolated patches | unresolved, with classification scheme and map scale", "why_it_matters": "Describes regional distribution without implying uniform conditions at an individual site." }, { "name": "Ground composition", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "soil, sediment, rock, and organic-material descriptions with sampled depth intervals", "why_it_matters": "Constrains interpretation of thermal behaviour, water movement, and mechanical response." }, { "name": "Ground-ice content and form", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "ice fraction in % with mass or volume basis; ice morphology; excess-ice estimate and method", "why_it_matters": "Supports assessment of potential ground-volume loss during thaw." }, { "name": "Active-layer thickness", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "m, with year, observation date, and method for estimating seasonal maximum", "why_it_matters": "Tracks seasonal thaw without confusing it with total permafrost thickness." }, { "name": "Talik configuration", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "location and geometry of persistently unfrozen ground relative to permafrost and water bodies", "why_it_matters": "Identifies thermal discontinuities and possible pathways for water movement." }, { "name": "Ground deformation", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "vertical or horizontal displacement in mm or cm; rate per year; reference frame and interval", "why_it_matters": "Tests whether thermal or hydrological change is accompanied by physical instability." }, { "name": "Organic-carbon stock", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "kg C/m² over a stated depth interval, with sampling and extrapolation uncertainty", "why_it_matters": "Records potentially affected carbon without treating stock as an emissions estimate." } ], "affordances": [ "Classify ground as confirmed, inferred, or unresolved permafrost using temperature history and supporting observations.", "Map permafrost boundaries and identify where additional boreholes or surveys would reduce uncertainty.", "Compare thermal profiles and seasonal thaw depths across consistent monitoring periods.", "Screen areas for thaw settlement and drainage change using ground-ice, terrain, and water observations.", "Assess proposed surface disturbance against site-specific thermal and ground-stability evidence.", "Define monitoring triggers for further investigation, operational changes, or specialist assessment." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "thermal-identity", "name": "Thermal identity", "description": "Establish whether the ground qualifies as permafrost and how its temperature varies with depth and time.", "rationale": "Permafrost is defined by thermal persistence, so appearance and material composition cannot establish its identity alone.", "layers": [ { "id": "qualification-evidence", "name": "Qualification evidence", "description": "Separate direct temperature evidence from indirect inference.", "findings": [ { "id": "temperature-duration-criterion", "name": "Temperature and duration criterion", "description": "Record the ground interval assessed, observation coverage, and basis for applying the two-year thermal criterion.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which depth intervals have remained at or below 0 °C for at least two consecutive years, and what observations establish this?", "kind": "definition", "id": "temperature-duration-criterion-q01" }, { "text": "Where qualification is inferred, which observations or models support it and which gaps prevent direct confirmation?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "temperature-duration-criterion-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "thermal-profile-and-trend", "name": "Thermal profile and trend", "description": "Describe the temperature field and distinguish seasonal variation from sustained change.", "findings": [ { "id": "comparable-ground-temperatures", "name": "Comparable ground temperatures", "description": "Associate temperature values and trends with depth, dates, sensor performance, and averaging method.", "questions": [ { "text": "What temperatures are measured at each depth, with what sampling interval, calibration, and uncertainty?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "comparable-ground-temperatures-q01" }, { "text": "Does the record support a sustained warming or cooling trend after accounting for seasonal variation and changes in measurement practice?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "comparable-ground-temperatures-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "ground-materials-and-ice", "name": "Ground materials and ice", "description": "Describe the material hosting permafrost and the form and amount of ice and unfrozen water.", "rationale": "Ground with similar temperatures can respond differently to thaw because its substrate and ice distribution differ.", "layers": [ { "id": "substrate-and-pore-water", "name": "Substrate and pore water", "description": "Characterise ground layers and water conditions relevant to freezing and thawing.", "findings": [ { "id": "material-water-profile", "name": "Material and water profile", "description": "Record mineral and organic layers alongside moisture, salinity, and evidence of unfrozen water.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which soil, sediment, rock, and organic layers occur through the assessed depth interval?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "material-water-profile-q01" }, { "text": "What measurements constrain water content, salinity, and unfrozen-water content at the observed ground temperatures?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "material-water-profile-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "ground-ice-architecture", "name": "Ground-ice architecture", "description": "Locate ice within and between ground layers and assess its spatial variability.", "findings": [ { "id": "ice-form-and-excess-ice", "name": "Ice form and excess ice", "description": "Distinguish pore ice, segregated ice, ice wedges, and other identified ice bodies, with explicit evidence for excess ice.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which ice forms are observed, at what depths, and how representative are the samples or survey interpretations?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "ice-form-and-excess-ice-q01" }, { "text": "How much ice exceeds the thawed material's pore-space capacity, and what method and uncertainty accompany that estimate?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "ice-form-and-excess-ice-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "extent-and-thaw-boundaries", "name": "Extent and thaw boundaries", "description": "Locate permafrost in three dimensions and distinguish it from seasonally or persistently unfrozen ground.", "rationale": "A regional permafrost label does not establish the boundaries or continuity of permafrost beneath a particular site.", "layers": [ { "id": "permafrost-geometry", "name": "Permafrost geometry", "description": "Represent mapped occurrence, upper and lower boundaries, and gaps in coverage.", "findings": [ { "id": "extent-thickness-and-confidence", "name": "Extent, thickness, and confidence", "description": "Attach scale, date, method, and uncertainty to mapped permafrost geometry.", "questions": [ { "text": "Where are the lateral limits, upper boundary, and lower boundary established, and where are they unresolved?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "extent-thickness-and-confidence-q01" }, { "text": "What map scale, classification scheme, and field evidence support the assigned spatial-continuity category?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "extent-thickness-and-confidence-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "active-layer-and-taliks", "name": "Active layer and taliks", "description": "Track seasonal thaw above permafrost and persistent unfrozen zones within its surroundings.", "findings": [ { "id": "seasonal-versus-persistent-thaw", "name": "Seasonal versus persistent thaw", "description": "Distinguish annually refreezing ground from zones that remain unfrozen across years.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is the annual maximum active-layer thickness, and does the thawed layer fully refreeze during the following cold season?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "seasonal-versus-persistent-thaw-q01" }, { "text": "Where are taliks present, and what evidence establishes their persistence and connection to surrounding unfrozen ground?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "seasonal-versus-persistent-thaw-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "thaw-processes-and-consequences", "name": "Thaw processes and consequences", "description": "Connect observed thermal change with ground deformation, water redistribution, and carbon mobilisation.", "rationale": "Temperature alone does not establish the physical or environmental consequences of permafrost thaw.", "layers": [ { "id": "ground-and-water-response", "name": "Ground and water response", "description": "Assess whether thaw changes terrain stability and water pathways.", "findings": [ { "id": "settlement-and-drainage-change", "name": "Settlement and drainage change", "description": "Record deformation and hydrological observations while distinguishing demonstrated causes from hypotheses.", "questions": [ { "text": "What settlement, subsidence, erosion, or slope movement has occurred, and how does it relate spatially to thaw and ground ice?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "settlement-and-drainage-change-q01" }, { "text": "Has thaw produced ponding, drainage, or altered groundwater connectivity, and what evidence supports the proposed mechanism?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "settlement-and-drainage-change-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "carbon-exposure-and-release", "name": "Carbon exposure and release", "description": "Separate stored organic carbon, newly thawed material, transport, and measured greenhouse-gas exchange.", "findings": [ { "id": "carbon-stock-versus-flux", "name": "Carbon stock versus flux", "description": "Record carbon quantities and observed pathways without assuming that all thawed carbon becomes atmospheric emissions.", "questions": [ { "text": "How much organic carbon lies within the depth interval affected by thaw, and how was its stock estimated?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "carbon-stock-versus-flux-q01" }, { "text": "Which measurements distinguish carbon retained in ground, transported by water, or released as carbon dioxide or methane?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "carbon-stock-versus-flux-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "disturbance-and-ground-use", "name": "Disturbance and ground use", "description": "Relate proposed activities and monitoring decisions to the site's thermal and physical vulnerabilities.", "rationale": "An agent needs site-specific evidence to assess actions that alter heat transfer, drainage, or loading over permafrost.", "layers": [ { "id": "surface-and-heat-disturbance", "name": "Surface and heat disturbance", "description": "Identify interventions that can change ground temperatures or water conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "activity-exposure-pathways", "name": "Activity exposure pathways", "description": "Assess excavation, vegetation removal, snow redistribution, drainage alteration, loading, and artificial heat inputs.", "questions": [ { "text": "How would the proposed activity alter surface insulation, heat input, water flow, or mechanical loading at this site?", "kind": "action", "id": "activity-exposure-pathways-q01" }, { "text": "Which permafrost layers or ice bodies could be affected, and what evidence constrains the depth and area of influence?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "activity-exposure-pathways-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "monitoring-and-response", "name": "Monitoring and response", "description": "Define observations and decision triggers appropriate to the intended ground use.", "findings": [ { "id": "site-specific-decision-triggers", "name": "Site-specific decision triggers", "description": "Connect measurable changes to justified responses and identify decisions requiring specialist assessment.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which temperature, thaw-depth, deformation, and water-level observations are needed to detect consequential change?", "kind": "action", "id": "site-specific-decision-triggers-q01" }, { "text": "What site-specific thresholds would trigger further investigation or changes to activity, and who established their technical basis?", "kind": "action", "id": "site-specific-decision-triggers-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Permafrost is thermally defined ground, not a single chemical substance; it has no universal composition, purity or substance identifier.", "The listed kinds mix spatial continuity with geographic setting and are not mutually exclusive.", "Thickness, ground-ice content and active-layer depth require site-specific measurements; no universal typical range is supplied." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of permafrost this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Continuous permafrost", "Discontinuous permafrost", "Sporadic permafrost", "Isolated patches of permafrost", "Mountain permafrost", "Subsea permafrost" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of permafrost this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Ground-temperature and ground-ice assessments inform foundation, road, pipeline and airfield design.", "Permafrost monitoring supports climate observation and assessment of carbon feedbacks.", "Permafrost mapping supports land-use planning and infrastructure maintenance.", "Frozen ground preserves biological remains and archaeological material." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of permafrost this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Ground temperature defining permafrost", "typical_range": "At or below 0 throughout at least two consecutive years", "unit": "°C" }, { "quantity": "Persistence required for classification", "typical_range": "At least 2 consecutive years", "unit": "year" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of permafrost this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Thawing ice-rich ground can cause settlement, thermokarst and damage to infrastructure.", "Thaw can destabilize slopes and contribute to landslides or rockfalls.", "Microbial decomposition of thawed organic matter can release carbon dioxide and methane.", "Thaw can alter drainage, lake stability and groundwater pathways.", "Thawing coastal ground can increase susceptibility to erosion." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of permafrost this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "High-latitude regions contain extensive permafrost, with continuity generally decreasing toward warmer climatic margins.", "Mountain permafrost varies strongly with elevation, aspect, snow cover and local topography.", "Subsea permafrost occurs beneath parts of Arctic continental shelves, including ground exposed during past lower sea levels." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of permafrost this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Seasonally frozen ground", "difference": "Freezes seasonally but does not remain at or below 0 °C for two consecutive years." }, { "name": "Active layer", "difference": "The ground above permafrost that thaws and refreezes seasonally." }, { "name": "Ground ice", "difference": "Ice within ground is a material constituent; permafrost is a thermal condition and need not contain ice." }, { "name": "Glacier", "difference": "A persistent land-based mass of ice formed from accumulated snow and showing evidence of flow; permafrost is ground defined by temperature and duration." }, { "name": "Talik", "difference": "A persistently unfrozen zone within a permafrost region." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of permafrost this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Which authoritative terminology and mapping schemes should govern continuity classes, talik types, and excess-ice reporting?", "What minimum evidence should permit an inferred permafrost classification where a two-year ground-temperature record is unavailable?", "How should the model represent ground that has recently ceased to meet the permafrost criterion while retaining a history of thaw-related change?", "Which additional characteristics are required for subsea permafrost and saline ground without creating separate models for the same thermal phenomenon?", "Which site-specific methods and thresholds can support defensible action decisions, particularly where ground-ice distribution and future thaw remain poorly constrained?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 17, "questions": 27 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "organism", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a permafrost, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to recognise permafrost, assess its thermal and physical state, and identify evidence needed for land use, infrastructure, and environmental decisions.", "characteristics": { "substance": "living", "origin": "natural", "agency": "autonomous", "mobility": "self-moving" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: Yedoma.", "1 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 74 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a permafrost, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "a living thing", "physicalCharacter": [ "Moves under its own power or of its own accord.", "Acts on its own behalf.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by diagnostic characters, and those differ by life stage - the young of many kinds are mistaken for other kinds entirely. A sighting is settled by characters, a photograph and a place, not by a name alone." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "Yedoma" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 74 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 1 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one permafrost from another, and a permafrost from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a permafrost, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a permafrost, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a permafrost is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a permafrost, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a permafrost, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a permafrost is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a permafrost sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a permafrost, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a permafrost, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a permafrost is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a permafrost from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a permafrost, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a permafrost, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a permafrost is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a permafrost is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a permafrost, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a permafrost, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a permafrost is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Anatomy, parts and life stage.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and life stages", "description": "The parts of a permafrost and the stages it passes through.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a permafrost, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a permafrost, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a permafrost is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a permafrost is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a permafrost, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a permafrost, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a permafrost is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a permafrost is, how it got there and where it may go (self-moving).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a permafrost is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a permafrost, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a permafrost, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a permafrost is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a permafrost moves on its own.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a permafrost, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a permafrost, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a permafrost is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a permafrost passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a permafrost between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a permafrost, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a permafrost, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a permafrost is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a permafrost, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a permafrost is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a permafrost, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a permafrost, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a permafrost is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "taxonomic-placement", "name": "Taxonomic placement and identification", "description": "What permafrost is called scientifically, by whose authority, and how a specimen is recognised.", "rationale": "Names change with revisions while the organism does not, so a name without its authority and date cannot be reconciled later.", "layers": [ { "id": "accepted-name", "name": "Accepted name and synonymy", "description": "The current binomial, its author and date, and the names it replaced.", "findings": [ { "id": "name-and-authority", "name": "Accepted name, authority and synonyms", "description": "What to record so a later revision can be applied without losing the old data.", "questions": [ { "id": "name-and-authority-q01", "text": "What is the accepted scientific name of permafrost, with its author and year, and which synonyms does it absorb?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "name-and-authority-q02", "text": "Which taxonomic authority is being followed, and what would a competing authority say?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "field-identification", "name": "Field identification", "description": "The characters that separate permafrost from what it is confused with.", "findings": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters", "name": "Diagnostic characters and confusable kinds", "description": "Features that settle an identification, and those that only suggest it.", "questions": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q01", "text": "Which observable characters distinguish permafrost from its closest look-alikes, and at which life stage are they visible?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q02", "text": "What evidence is enough to record an identification as confirmed rather than provisional?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "life-cycle-and-condition", "name": "Life stages, condition and behaviour", "description": "What permafrost does over its life and how its state is judged.", "rationale": "Stage and condition change what may be done - handled, treated, harvested, left alone - and both are observations with a time.", "layers": [ { "id": "stages-and-reproduction", "name": "Stages and reproduction", "description": "Development from origin to death, including forms that look like different animals.", "findings": [ { "id": "life-stages", "name": "Life stages and their marks", "description": "The stages worth recording and what tells them apart.", "questions": [ { "id": "life-stages-q01", "text": "What stages does permafrost pass through, and what observable change marks each transition?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "life-stages-q02", "text": "Which stages are so unlike the adult that they are mistaken for another kind?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "health-and-condition", "name": "Health and condition", "description": "How condition is assessed and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition assessment", "description": "Signs of health, injury and stress, and who is competent to judge them.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "How is the condition of permafrost judged, on what scale, and by whom?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "What condition obliges an agent to act, and what act is permitted to whom?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "range-and-status", "name": "Habitat, range and conservation status", "description": "Where permafrost lives and how threatened it is.", "rationale": "Range and status govern what is lawful, and both are assessments with an assessor and a year rather than facts of nature.", "layers": [ { "id": "habitat-and-range", "name": "Habitat and range", "description": "Native range, introductions and the habitat it needs.", "findings": [ { "id": "range-record", "name": "Range, introductions and habitat", "description": "What to record about where it is found and how it got there.", "questions": [ { "id": "range-record-q01", "text": "What is the native range of permafrost, where has it been introduced, and what habitat does it require?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "range-record-q02", "text": "What distinguishes a native record from an introduced or vagrant one?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "protection-status", "name": "Protection and legal status", "description": "Conservation assessments and the rules that follow from them.", "findings": [ { "id": "status-and-rules", "name": "Conservation status and legal consequence", "description": "The assessment, its date, and what it forbids or requires where.", "questions": [ { "id": "status-and-rules-q01", "text": "What conservation status does permafrost hold, under which assessment and year?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "status-and-rules-q02", "text": "What does that status forbid or require of an agent, and in which jurisdiction?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a permafrost came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a permafrost and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a permafrost, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a permafrost, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a permafrost is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a permafrost is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a permafrost, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a permafrost, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a permafrost is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }