{ "model": { "rank": 5257, "code": "thing-q179924", "model_id": "vr.tr.bioluminescence", "name": "bioluminescence", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise bioluminescence, assess an emitting system and its observed light, and choose justified observation, interpretation or intervention.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Activities and processes", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "ACT", "domain": "ACT.ACT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q179924/", "tier": 2, "score": 68, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "milky seas effect" ], "aliasCount": 1, "merged": 1, "knownIn": 68, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q179924", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179924", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T22:00:07Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 19.8, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a0882e-5836-7bd3-bcf2-8a229aeab4d4\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: bioluminescence\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: ACT.ACT\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 1001 things:\n# Batch 005: 1001", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 74, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a0882e-582c-7190-8ee4-0a087d5c2569\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: bioluminescence\nRegistry id: vr.tr.bioluminescence\nPlane / domain: ACT / ACT.ACT\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q179924", "registryId": "vr.tr.bioluminescence", "name": "bioluminescence", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "ACT.ACT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q179924/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.bioluminescence", "name": "bioluminescence", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise bioluminescence, assess an emitting system and its observed light, and choose justified observation, interpretation or intervention.", "definition": "Bioluminescence is light emission generated by chemical reactions in living organisms, typically through enzyme-mediated oxidation of a light-emitting substrate.", "scope_statement": "This model owns bioluminescence as a biological light-producing process and its observable episodes under vr.tr.bioluminescence, retaining the ACT / ACT.ACT registry placement; it distinguishes organismal capacity, actual emission and experimental reconstructions.", "in_scope": [ "Evidence that observed light originates from a biological chemical reaction", "Identity of the actual producer, including host-associated luminous organisms", "Reaction components, emission location and conditions enabling light production", "Emission spectrum, intensity, timing and spatial distribution", "Evidence for ecological function and interpretation as an experimental signal", "Observation and intervention choices with explicit limits on inference" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Complete taxonomy, anatomy or life history of luminous organisms", "General fluorescence, phosphorescence and nonbiological chemiluminescence", "Complete chemical substance models for luciferins, enzymes and reaction products", "Optical detector design and general imaging instrumentation", "Whole ecosystem, food-web or population models", "Complete reporter-assay protocols and genetic engineering workflows" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Establish a biological chemical source of light rather than treating any glowing organism as bioluminescent; this follows the process boundary in [NOAA's bioluminescence factsheet](https://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/fact-sheet/bioluminescence-fact-sheet/).", "Test whether external optical excitation supplies the emission energy; distinguish chemically powered emission from fluorescence, while allowing optically coupled components.", "Locate the actual producer: host tissue, associated organisms or secreted material; host association alone does not establish host synthesis.", "Distinguish possession of a light-producing system from an emission episode; a dark observation alone does not establish absence of capacity.", "Exclude reflected illumination, thermal glow and detector artifacts using controls appropriate to the observation." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Biological producer", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Identified organism, tissue or associated population; identification confidence", "why_it_matters": "Assigns production to the emitting biology rather than merely the visible host." }, { "name": "System context", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Natural organism; natural secretion; engineered living system; extracted or reconstituted system; unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Makes the boundary between natural process and experimental reconstruction explicit." }, { "name": "Reaction system", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Evidence-linked substrate, catalyst or photoprotein, cofactors and energy-transfer partners; unknown permitted", "why_it_matters": "Supports system-specific reasoning without assuming all luminous organisms use identical chemistry." }, { "name": "Emission location", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Intracellular; specialised organ; associated microbes; extracellular secretion; unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Determines which material or compartment an observation actually samples." }, { "name": "Emission state", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Emitting; capable but quiescent; below detection; capacity untested; experimentally disabled", "why_it_matters": "Separates biological state from measurement failure or insufficient stimulation." }, { "name": "Emission spectrum", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Spectral distribution and peak wavelength in nm, with detector-response correction", "why_it_matters": "Enables spectral comparison and identifies limitations of colour-based identification." }, { "name": "Light output", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Photon flux in photons/s or radiance in photons/s/m²/sr; instrument counts separately labelled", "why_it_matters": "Prevents arbitrary camera brightness from being treated as comparable biological output." }, { "name": "Emission kinetics", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Latency and duration in s; repetition rate in Hz; integrated photons per episode", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes brief flashes, repeated signalling and sustained emission." }, { "name": "Conditions during emission", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Temperature in °C, pH, dissolved oxygen in µmol/L and system-relevant stimulus measurements", "why_it_matters": "Records conditions needed to explain or reproduce a change in light output." }, { "name": "Functional interpretation", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Communication; prey attraction; defence; counterillumination; other proposed role; unresolved; with evidence strength", "why_it_matters": "Keeps a plausible ecological explanation separate from a demonstrated function." } ], "affordances": [ "Classify an observation as supported, provisional or unsupported bioluminescence using source and excitation controls.", "Attribute emission to a producer and compartment while retaining uncertainty about host or symbiont contributions.", "Select spectral, temporal and intensity measurements suited to the expected emission.", "Compare emission episodes after accounting for detector settings, viewing geometry and environmental conditions.", "Choose a justified stimulus or observation change and evaluate its effect on emission and biological condition.", "Assess whether light supports an ecological or assay inference and identify the missing controls." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "process-identity", "name": "Process identity", "description": "Determine whether the instance is biological chemical light production and what kind of instance is being described.", "rationale": "Visible glow, biochemical capacity and a recorded light-producing event require different evidence.", "layers": [ { "id": "light-source-discrimination", "name": "Light source discrimination", "description": "Separate bioluminescence from other sources of apparent biological glow.", "findings": [ { "id": "chemical-emission-evidence", "name": "Chemical emission evidence", "description": "Record observations and controls supporting a biological chemical source of emitted photons.", "questions": [ { "text": "What evidence identifies a biological chemical reaction as the source of the observed light?", "kind": "definition", "id": "chemical-emission-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Which controls distinguish the emission from optical excitation, reflection, thermal radiation and detector artifacts?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "chemical-emission-evidence-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "instance-boundaries", "name": "Instance boundaries", "description": "Distinguish capacity, episodes and reconstructed systems.", "findings": [ { "id": "capacity-event-and-reconstruction", "name": "Capacity, event and reconstruction", "description": "Identify whether the record concerns a biological capability, an emission episode or an experimental use of biological reaction machinery.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does this instance describe demonstrated capacity, a time-bounded emission episode or a proposed capacity?", "kind": "definition", "id": "capacity-event-and-reconstruction-q01" }, { "text": "Is the reaction occurring in a natural organism, released material, an engineered organism or an extracted system, and which scope convention applies?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "capacity-event-and-reconstruction-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "producer-and-reaction", "name": "Producer and reaction", "description": "Connect emitted light to its biological producer, physical location and reaction machinery.", "rationale": "An emitting host does not by itself identify the organism or chemistry producing the light.", "layers": [ { "id": "producer-attribution", "name": "Producer attribution", "description": "Resolve host, symbiont and extracellular contributions.", "findings": [ { "id": "actual-emitter", "name": "Actual emitter", "description": "Record the identified producer and locate the reaction relative to the observed organism.", "questions": [ { "text": "What direct evidence attributes production to host cells, associated organisms or released luminous material?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "actual-emitter-q01" }, { "text": "Where does the reaction occur, and can the measurement distinguish multiple emitting compartments?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "actual-emitter-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "reaction-dependencies", "name": "Reaction dependencies", "description": "Identify the biochemical system and how required components become available.", "findings": [ { "id": "supported-reaction-components", "name": "Supported reaction components", "description": "Separate experimentally identified components from components inferred through resemblance to another system.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which substrate, enzyme or photoprotein, cofactors and possible energy-transfer partners have been identified in this system?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "supported-reaction-components-q01" }, { "text": "Which components are synthesised, acquired through diet, supplied by partners or added experimentally?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "supported-reaction-components-q02" }, { "text": "Which component dependencies remain inferred rather than demonstrated by perturbation or biochemical analysis?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "supported-reaction-components-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "emission-control-and-state", "name": "Emission control and state", "description": "Represent when emission occurs and why a capable system may appear dark.", "rationale": "Light output depends on biological regulation, available reaction components and observation conditions.", "layers": [ { "id": "triggers-and-rhythms", "name": "Triggers and rhythms", "description": "Describe the relationship between stimuli, biological timing and emitted light.", "findings": [ { "id": "emission-activation", "name": "Emission activation", "description": "Record tested triggers, response delays and recurring emission patterns without assuming a universal activation mechanism.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does emission occur spontaneously or follow a measured mechanical, chemical, neural or other stimulus?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "emission-activation-q01" }, { "text": "How do latency, flash pattern and response probability vary with time of day, life stage or repeated stimulation?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "emission-activation-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "quiescence-and-recovery", "name": "Quiescence and recovery", "description": "Distinguish temporary silence, depleted output and loss of emission capacity.", "findings": [ { "id": "dark-state-interpretation", "name": "Dark-state interpretation", "description": "Record competing explanations for low or absent emission and the observations needed to separate them.", "questions": [ { "text": "Could darkness reflect quiescence, unavailable substrate, environmental limitation, biological damage or the detection threshold?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "dark-state-interpretation-q01" }, { "text": "What justified change in conditions or recovery interval would discriminate these explanations?", "kind": "action", "id": "dark-state-interpretation-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "photon-observation", "name": "Photon observation", "description": "Characterise the light while separating source output from optical transmission and detector response.", "rationale": "Apparent brightness and colour depend on the measurement path as well as the emitting system.", "layers": [ { "id": "spectral-and-temporal-output", "name": "Spectral and temporal output", "description": "Capture the emission dimensions needed to compare episodes.", "findings": [ { "id": "resolved-light-signature", "name": "Resolved light signature", "description": "Record calibrated spectrum, photon output and timing at a resolution adequate for the event.", "questions": [ { "text": "What spectrum and photon output were measured, with what units, integration time and uncertainty?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "resolved-light-signature-q01" }, { "text": "Does temporal sampling resolve the shortest flashes, and are peak output and integrated emission distinguished?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "resolved-light-signature-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "visibility-and-detection", "name": "Visibility and detection", "description": "Account for losses, backgrounds and limits between emitted photons and recorded signal.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-transfer", "name": "Observation transfer", "description": "Document geometry, attenuation, spectral sensitivity and background before interpreting brightness differences.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do distance, orientation, tissue or water attenuation and detector spectral response affect the recorded signal?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "observation-transfer-q01" }, { "text": "What background subtraction, calibration and detection limit support a positive observation or nondetection?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "observation-transfer-q02" }, { "text": "Can these observations be compared directly, or must exposure, geometry or normalisation first be reconciled?", "kind": "action", "id": "observation-transfer-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "biological-meaning", "name": "Biological meaning", "description": "Evaluate what emission does in its biological context and what evidence supports that interpretation.", "rationale": "Emission alone does not demonstrate a particular adaptive role or receiver response.", "layers": [ { "id": "ecological-function", "name": "Ecological function", "description": "Connect proposed functions to observed interactions and experimental evidence.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-evidence", "name": "Function evidence", "description": "Record proposed roles and distinguish observed consequences from adaptive explanations.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which observations support communication, attraction, defence, counterillumination or another proposed role in this instance?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "function-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "What manipulation or comparison separates an effect of light from correlated movement, chemistry or organism condition?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "function-evidence-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "receiver-and-background", "name": "Receiver and background", "description": "Relate emission to the light environment and the potential observer.", "findings": [ { "id": "receiver-relevant-signal", "name": "Receiver-relevant signal", "description": "Assess whether the measured emission could be detected and used by the proposed biological receiver.", "questions": [ { "text": "What evidence establishes the proposed receiver's sensitivity to the emitted spectrum and temporal pattern?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "receiver-relevant-signal-q01" }, { "text": "At the relevant distance, orientation and ambient light level, does emission create detectable contrast or reduce it?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "receiver-relevant-signal-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observation-and-use-decisions", "name": "Observation and use decisions", "description": "Guide interventions and interpretation when bioluminescence is observed or used as a signal.", "rationale": "Measurement can alter emission, and light output can respond to factors other than the quantity an agent wants to infer.", "layers": [ { "id": "observation-interventions", "name": "Observation interventions", "description": "Choose observation conditions and stimuli that answer a stated question.", "findings": [ { "id": "justified-emission-probe", "name": "Justified emission probe", "description": "Link each proposed stimulus or environmental change to its expected information and biological effect.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which observation or controlled stimulus can distinguish the current competing explanations for emission state?", "kind": "action", "id": "justified-emission-probe-q01" }, { "text": "How will handling, illumination or repeated stimulation change subsequent emission, and what recovery or stopping criterion applies?", "kind": "action", "id": "justified-emission-probe-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "reporter-signal-interpretation", "name": "Reporter signal interpretation", "description": "Bound conclusions when biological light is used to estimate another variable.", "findings": [ { "id": "signal-to-target-validity", "name": "Signal-to-target validity", "description": "Require context-specific evidence before translating emission into organism abundance, expression, metabolic activity or another target.", "questions": [ { "text": "What target quantity is inferred from light, and what calibration establishes that relationship over the relevant range?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "signal-to-target-validity-q01" }, { "text": "Could substrate delivery, oxygen availability, reaction kinetics or optical attenuation explain the signal change instead?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "signal-to-target-validity-q02" }, { "text": "Which control or independent measurement is needed before acting on the inferred target value?", "kind": "action", "id": "signal-to-target-validity-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "This describes the biological light-producing process; ACT.ACT is retained as supplied rather than independently validated.", "The listed kinds overlap: producer identity, symbiotic origin and reaction mechanism are different classification axes.", "Emission ranges and assay performance depend on the particular organism or engineered system; no sources were consulted for this recall-based description." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of bioluminescence this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Intrinsic bioluminescence produced by an organism's own biochemical machinery", "Symbiotic bioluminescence supplied by associated luminous organisms", "Bacterial bioluminescence", "Fungal bioluminescence", "Luciferase-based systems", "Photoprotein-based systems" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of bioluminescence this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Reporter assays use light output to track gene expression and cellular processes.", "ATP-dependent luciferase assays estimate ATP abundance for laboratory analysis and hygiene monitoring.", "Bioluminescence imaging tracks labelled cells or biological processes in experimental organisms.", "Bioluminescent assays measure microbial responses to potentially toxic samples.", "In nature, bioluminescence supports communication, prey attraction, defence and camouflage through counterillumination." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of bioluminescence this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Emission wavelength", "typical_range": "Many familiar systems emit predominantly between approximately 440 and 620; this is not an exhaustive biological range.", "unit": "nm" }, { "quantity": "Detected assay light output", "typical_range": "Instrument- and protocol-dependent; values are not directly comparable without calibration.", "unit": "relative light units (RLU)" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of bioluminescence this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Substrate availability, oxygen, temperature and pH can change light output independently of the biological variable being studied.", "Tissue absorption and scattering can obscure or distort signals during imaging.", "Reporter expression and substrate delivery can limit quantitative interpretation.", "ATP-based hygiene measurements do not identify particular pathogens or establish sterility.", "Visible marine bioluminescence alone does not establish whether a bloom is toxic or safe." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of bioluminescence this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "The organisms responsible for visible displays vary among marine, freshwater and terrestrial habitats and across geographic regions.", "Local seasonality, temperature, nutrients and water movement influence the occurrence and visibility of marine displays." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of bioluminescence this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Chemiluminescence", "difference": "Bioluminescence is the biological subset of light emission powered by chemical reactions." }, { "name": "Biofluorescence", "difference": "Biofluorescence requires absorption of external excitation light; bioluminescence obtains its excitation energy from a chemical reaction." }, { "name": "Phosphorescence", "difference": "Phosphorescence involves delayed emission from long-lived excited states, commonly following illumination; bioluminescence is defined by biological chemical generation of light." }, { "name": "Incandescence", "difference": "Incandescence is thermal radiation from a hot body; bioluminescence does not require high temperature." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of bioluminescence this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Which disciplinary definitions include extracted or reconstituted biological light reactions within bioluminescence, and which reserve the term for organism-associated production?", "Which reaction systems and emitting lineages require additional distinctions beyond substrate, catalyst or photoprotein, cofactors and energy-transfer partners?", "What evidence threshold should establish emission capacity when the organism has never been observed emitting under documented conditions?", "Which ecological functions remain hypotheses for particular producers, and what receiver-level experiments would distinguish competing explanations?", "Which measurement and normalisation practices permit defensible comparisons across single cells, luminous organs, secretions and whole-organism observations?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 7, "layers": 13, "findings": 19, "questions": 34 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a bioluminescence, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to recognise bioluminescence, assess an emitting system and its observed light, and choose justified observation, interpretation or intervention.", "characteristics": { "substance": "activity", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: milky seas effect.", "1 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 68 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a bioluminescence, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "something that happens over time", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "milky seas effect" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 68 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 1 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one bioluminescence from another, and a bioluminescence from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a bioluminescence, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a bioluminescence, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a bioluminescence is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a bioluminescence, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a bioluminescence, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a bioluminescence is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a bioluminescence sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a bioluminescence, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a bioluminescence, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a bioluminescence is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a bioluminescence from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a bioluminescence, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a bioluminescence, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a bioluminescence is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a bioluminescence passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a bioluminescence between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a bioluminescence, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a bioluminescence, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a bioluminescence is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a bioluminescence, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a bioluminescence is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a bioluminescence, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a bioluminescence, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a bioluminescence is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "process-and-outcome", "name": "Process, inputs and outcome", "description": "How a bioluminescence proceeds, what it needs and what it leaves behind.", "rationale": "An activity is known by its steps and its results, and both have to be recordable while it is still running.", "layers": [ { "id": "steps-and-sequence", "name": "Steps and sequence", "description": "The steps of a bioluminescence, their order and what may run in parallel.", "findings": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions", "name": "Steps, preconditions and completion", "description": "What has to be true before each step of a bioluminescence and what marks it done.", "questions": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a step of a bioluminescence, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a step of a bioluminescence, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a step of a bioluminescence is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-results", "name": "Inputs, resources and results", "description": "What a bioluminescence consumes and what it produces.", "findings": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs", "name": "Inputs, outputs and side effects", "description": "The resources a bioluminescence takes and the results it leaves, wanted or not.", "questions": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the inputs and results of a bioluminescence, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the inputs and results of a bioluminescence, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the inputs and results of a bioluminescence is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What bioluminescence is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of bioluminescence are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is bioluminescence operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of bioluminescence and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of bioluminescence?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as bioluminescence?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a bioluminescence came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a bioluminescence and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a bioluminescence, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a bioluminescence, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a bioluminescence is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a bioluminescence is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a bioluminescence, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a bioluminescence, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a bioluminescence is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }