{ "model": { "rank": 5331, "code": "thing-q179957", "model_id": "vr.tr.palaeography", "name": "palaeography", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise palaeography as a field, assess the evidential strength of its analyses of historical handwriting, and identify justified next steps in reading, comparison and attribution.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Information and virtual systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "INF", "domain": "INF.KNW", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q179957/", "tier": 2, "score": 68, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "Greek paleography", "History of the Armenian alphabet", "Latin paleography", "Crux", "Belarusian paleography" ], "aliasCount": 5, "merged": 5, "knownIn": 68, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q179957", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179957", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T22:09:06Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 22.4, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08836-aead-7af2-890e-d42fe08f1ee2\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: palaeography\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: INF.KNW\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 1001 things:\n# Batch 005: 1001 re", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 66.7, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08836-aea1-7080-81b1-b2f8edd6a821\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: palaeography\nRegistry id: vr.tr.palaeography\nPlane / domain: INF / INF.KNW\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q179957", "registryId": "vr.tr.palaeography", "name": "palaeography", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "INF.KNW" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q179957/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.palaeography", "name": "palaeography", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise palaeography as a field, assess the evidential strength of its analyses of historical handwriting, and identify justified next steps in reading, comparison and attribution.", "definition": "Palaeography is the study of historical handwriting, using the forms and execution of scripts to read written records and investigate their development, dating, provenance and production.", "scope_statement": "This model owns palaeography as the study of historical handwriting, including the identification, reading, comparison and contextual interpretation of scripts and scribal practices; it records the conventions and evidence that support disciplinary boundaries and analytical claims.", "in_scope": [ "Historical handwritten letterforms, scripts, abbreviations and scribal conventions", "Methods for reading difficult writing and comparing hands", "Evidence and uncertainty in assigning dates, places, script traditions and scribal relationships", "Relationships between handwriting, writing technique and historical contexts of production", "Disciplinary scope, teaching traditions, reference corpora and institutional classification" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Complete physical descriptions and production histories of manuscripts, owned by codicology", "Documentary forms, legal functions and authenticity analysis as a whole, owned by diplomatics", "Reconstruction of textual transmission and establishment of editions, owned by textual criticism", "Language structure and historical language change, owned by linguistics", "Conservation treatment and custody management of original objects", "Personality inference from handwriting" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "An analysis is palaeographical when historical handwriting features provide its primary evidence, even when physical or textual evidence also contributes.", "It distinguishes a script convention shared by multiple writers from the particular habits attributed to a hand.", "It treats reading a written mark, expanding an abbreviation and interpreting the resulting language as distinguishable operations.", "Dates and places inferred from handwriting require comparison evidence and stated uncertainty; they are not equivalent to explicitly recorded dates or provenances.", "Its boundaries with codicology, diplomatics and epigraphy must identify the disciplinary convention being used rather than impose a universal division by material." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Script tradition coverage", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Named writing systems, script traditions and regional terminology, with the authority used", "why_it_matters": "Methods and labels must fit the writing under study rather than assume one tradition's categories apply universally." }, { "name": "Historical coverage", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Date interval with calendar, precision and uncertainty", "why_it_matters": "Determines whether expertise and comparison material are relevant to the proposed analysis." }, { "name": "Analytical target", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Reading; script classification; hand comparison; dating; localisation; scribal practice", "why_it_matters": "Different claims require different evidence and validation." }, { "name": "Evidence access", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Original examined; adequate surrogate examined; limited surrogate examined; evidence unavailable", "why_it_matters": "Some features cannot be assessed reliably from a cropped, compressed or otherwise limited reproduction." }, { "name": "Comparative foundation", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Links to specimens, reference corpora and their independently supported dates or locations", "why_it_matters": "Makes comparisons inspectable and helps expose circular attribution." }, { "name": "Attribution resolution", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Script family; script type; scribal milieu; distinguishable hand; named writer; unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Prevents evidence for a broad resemblance from being presented as identification of an individual." }, { "name": "Claim assessment", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Proposed; supported with limitations; contested; rejected; unresolved, with reasons", "why_it_matters": "Allows an agent to distinguish an observation from a defensible interpretation." }, { "name": "Disciplinary placement", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Named classification scheme and edition, institutional unit, society, journal or teaching programme", "why_it_matters": "Records how a particular community locates the field without equating that community with the field itself." } ], "affordances": [ "Route a handwriting problem to relevant script expertise and comparison resources.", "Record alternative readings with image locations and explicit transcription conventions.", "Compare letterforms and scribal habits while separating observations from attribution hypotheses.", "Assess whether a proposed date, location or hand identification is supported by suitable comparanda.", "Recommend additional imaging, broader sampling or specialist review when evidence is insufficient.", "Map overlap with neighbouring disciplines and identify which questions require their methods." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "disciplinary-remit", "name": "Disciplinary remit", "description": "Identifies the historical handwriting questions the field addresses and the conventions that delimit its remit.", "rationale": "An agent must distinguish palaeographical work from adjacent work without treating contested disciplinary boundaries as natural divisions.", "layers": [ { "id": "historical-writing-focus", "name": "Historical writing focus", "description": "Establishes the writing traditions and analytical purposes covered.", "findings": [ { "id": "script-specific-remit", "name": "Script-specific remit", "description": "Record the historical handwriting tradition and whether the intended task concerns reading, classification, comparison or attribution.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which writing systems, script traditions and periods does this account of palaeography cover?", "kind": "definition", "id": "script-specific-remit-q01" }, { "text": "What makes the proposed task an investigation of historical handwriting rather than solely a linguistic or textual problem?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "script-specific-remit-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "neighbouring-methods", "name": "Neighbouring methods", "description": "Locates overlaps with disciplines that study the same artefacts through different questions.", "findings": [ { "id": "declared-boundary-convention", "name": "Declared boundary convention", "description": "Record the disciplinary convention used to allocate questions about handwriting, objects, documents and inscriptions.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which scholarly tradition or reference defines the boundary with codicology, diplomatics and epigraphy here?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "declared-boundary-convention-q01" }, { "text": "Which parts of this investigation require those neighbouring methods in addition to handwriting analysis?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "declared-boundary-convention-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "written-evidence", "name": "Written evidence", "description": "Connects handwriting observations to identifiable specimens and records what those specimens make observable.", "rationale": "Palaeographical judgments depend on the quality, extent and traceability of the writing actually examined.", "layers": [ { "id": "specimen-access", "name": "Specimen access", "description": "Identifies the original or surrogate and the limits imposed by its presentation.", "findings": [ { "id": "inspectable-writing-sample", "name": "Inspectable writing sample", "description": "Record specimen identifiers, folio or page locations, image provenance and limitations affecting inspection.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which object, folio, side and writing region support each observation, and was the original or a reproduction examined?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "inspectable-writing-sample-q01" }, { "text": "Do image resolution, scale, lighting, cropping or surface damage prevent inspection of relevant strokes?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "inspectable-writing-sample-q02" }, { "text": "What additional access or imaging would resolve the most consequential limitation?", "kind": "action", "id": "inspectable-writing-sample-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "graphic-observations", "name": "Graphic observations", "description": "Captures visible writing features while distinguishing them from reconstructed writing actions.", "findings": [ { "id": "forms-and-execution", "name": "Forms and execution", "description": "Record letter variants, joins, spacing, proportions and visible stroke features; identify inferred stroke sequence or pen movement separately.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which repeated letterforms, allographs, ligatures and spacing habits can be demonstrated in located examples?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "forms-and-execution-q01" }, { "text": "Which statements about stroke order, direction or writing speed are directly supported, and which remain hypotheses?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "forms-and-execution-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "reading-and-transcription", "name": "Reading and transcription", "description": "Organises the transition from visible marks to a declared textual representation.", "rationale": "An agent must preserve uncertainty and editorial intervention so that plausible interpretation does not silently replace the written evidence.", "layers": [ { "id": "mark-identification", "name": "Mark identification", "description": "Handles ambiguous characters, abbreviations and marks whose function is uncertain.", "findings": [ { "id": "alternative-readings", "name": "Alternative readings", "description": "Record candidate readings and abbreviation expansions with their graphic and contextual support.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which marks permit competing character identifications or abbreviation expansions?", "kind": "definition", "id": "alternative-readings-q01" }, { "text": "What comparable forms in the same hand or script tradition support each candidate reading?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "alternative-readings-q02" }, { "text": "Where does linguistic plausibility favour a reading that the visible strokes do not establish?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "alternative-readings-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "transcription-policy", "name": "Transcription policy", "description": "Specifies how the representation handles the features and uncertainties of the writing.", "findings": [ { "id": "explicit-editorial-treatment", "name": "Explicit editorial treatment", "description": "Declare treatment of expansion, normalisation, line division, correction, insertion, deletion and illegibility.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which conventions distinguish visible characters, supplied text, expanded abbreviations and uncertain readings?", "kind": "definition", "id": "explicit-editorial-treatment-q01" }, { "text": "Can an agent trace a transcription decision back to its writing region and revise it without losing the earlier reading?", "kind": "action", "id": "explicit-editorial-treatment-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "comparison-and-attribution", "name": "Comparison and attribution", "description": "Structures comparisons used to classify scripts, distinguish hands and propose historical placement.", "rationale": "Similar handwriting can support claims at different levels; the model must prevent an inference from outrunning its comparative evidence.", "layers": [ { "id": "script-and-hand-comparison", "name": "Script and hand comparison", "description": "Separates shared script conventions from potentially distinctive scribal habits.", "findings": [ { "id": "comparison-resolution", "name": "Comparison resolution", "description": "Record whether similarities concern a script type, a learned convention or a proposed individual hand, alongside differences and sampling limits.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which shared features are conventional within the script, and which might distinguish the proposed hand?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "comparison-resolution-q01" }, { "text": "How much comparable writing is available, and do changes in letter context, writing register or instrument explain apparent differences?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "comparison-resolution-q02" }, { "text": "What evidence would challenge a same-hand attribution or justify restricting it to a broader script relationship?", "kind": "action", "id": "comparison-resolution-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "historical-placement", "name": "Historical placement", "description": "Assesses proposals about when and where writing was produced and who produced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "anchored-attribution", "name": "Anchored attribution", "description": "Connect proposed dates, locations or writers to independently supported comparanda and state the remaining range of possibilities.", "questions": [ { "text": "How were the comparison specimens dated or localised, and are those anchors independent of the attribution being tested?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "anchored-attribution-q01" }, { "text": "What date interval or geographic range does the handwriting evidence support, including plausible alternatives?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "anchored-attribution-q02" }, { "text": "Does the proposed location refer to writing production, scribal training, later ownership or present custody?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "anchored-attribution-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "scholarly-practice-and-resources", "name": "Scholarly practice and resources", "description": "Locates the field in its scholarly communities and identifies resources suitable for accountable analysis.", "rationale": "An agent needs script-appropriate authorities and evaluation practices, while keeping institutions, publications and software distinct from the discipline.", "layers": [ { "id": "disciplinary-authorities", "name": "Disciplinary authorities", "description": "Records the sources and institutions through which palaeographical terminology and expertise are organised.", "findings": [ { "id": "community-and-classification", "name": "Community and classification", "description": "Identify relevant handbooks, societies, journals, teaching programmes and classification entries with their scope and authority.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which handbooks, scholarly communities and teaching programmes establish terminology for the script tradition concerned?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "community-and-classification-q01" }, { "text": "Where do named classification schemes place palaeography, and which scheme editions and regional conventions support that placement?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "community-and-classification-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "assisted-analysis", "name": "Assisted analysis", "description": "Assesses reference collections and computational assistance against the actual handwriting task.", "findings": [ { "id": "resource-fitness-and-review", "name": "Resource fitness and review", "description": "Record the coverage and limitations of comparison corpora, recognition outputs and automated similarity suggestions.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the corpus or tool cover the relevant script, period, writing register and image conditions?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "resource-fitness-and-review-q01" }, { "text": "How has performance been evaluated on representative material, and could shared hands or documents compromise that evaluation?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "resource-fitness-and-review-q02" }, { "text": "Which proposed readings or attributions require inspection by a suitably qualified reader before acceptance?", "kind": "action", "id": "resource-fitness-and-review-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "This describes the scholarly discipline, not its practitioners or literature.", "The listed kinds are overlapping scholarly traditions rather than an exhaustive or mutually exclusive classification.", "No numerical classification codes or universal measurement ranges are asserted; dating precision depends on the script tradition and available comparative evidence." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of palaeography this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Greek palaeography", "Latin palaeography", "Arabic palaeography", "Hebrew palaeography", "Byzantine palaeography", "Vernacular palaeography" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of palaeography this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "The Text Encoding Initiative Consortium's TEI Guidelines provide conventions for encoding manuscript descriptions and transcriptions; they support palaeographical work but do not prescribe how scripts must be dated or attributed." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of palaeography this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Reading and transcribing manuscripts and archival documents.", "Estimating the date and geographical origin of undated or unlocalized writing through comparison with securely contextualized examples.", "Distinguishing scribal hands and investigating copying practices.", "Supporting textual editing by interpreting letterforms, abbreviations, corrections and other written interventions.", "Assessing suspected forgeries in conjunction with documentary, historical and material evidence." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of palaeography this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Treating a script-based date or provenance estimate as an exact determination.", "Circular dating when comparison specimens were themselves dated using the same uncertain stylistic assumptions.", "Misreading abbreviations, damaged letters or unfamiliar writing conventions.", "Confusing a shared scribal style with evidence that two texts were written by the same person.", "Drawing conclusions from images that conceal scale, ink distinctions, surface features or erased writing." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of palaeography this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Research traditions are commonly organized by script, language and historical region, with partly overlapping boundaries.", "In many European academic traditions, palaeography is taught among the auxiliary sciences of history and alongside diplomatics and codicology.", "The periods encompassed by 'historical handwriting' vary by scholarly tradition; palaeography also includes early modern records." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of palaeography this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Codicology", "difference": "Codicology studies the manuscript book as a physical object, including its construction and organization; palaeography concentrates on its handwriting." }, { "name": "Diplomatics", "difference": "Diplomatics examines documentary forms, production procedures and authenticity; palaeography examines the writing through which documents are expressed." }, { "name": "Epigraphy", "difference": "Epigraphy conventionally studies inscriptions, often on durable materials; palaeography conventionally studies handwriting in manuscripts and documents, although their methods overlap." }, { "name": "Textual criticism", "difference": "Textual criticism evaluates relationships and variants among textual witnesses; palaeography helps establish what their writing says and how it was produced." }, { "name": "Calligraphy", "difference": "Calligraphy is the practice and art of deliberate, aesthetically shaped writing; palaeography is the historical study of writing." }, { "name": "Forensic document examination", "difference": "Forensic document examination addresses evidential questions such as authorship or alteration, commonly in legal settings; palaeography primarily investigates historical scripts and records." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of palaeography this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Which script traditions and historical periods should receive explicit coverage in this registry entry, and how should differing scholarly definitions of palaeography be represented?", "Which verified classification codes, scheme editions, learned societies, journals and defining handbooks should anchor its disciplinary placement?", "What minimum sampling and comparison evidence should support script classification, same-hand attribution and identification of a named writer in each tradition?", "How should uncertainty in reading, dating and localisation be expressed when the underlying judgments have no calibrated numerical confidence?", "Which reference corpora and computational evaluations adequately represent variation across scripts, periods and writing conditions?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 17, "questions": 32 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "discipline or field of knowledge", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a palaeography, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to recognise palaeography as a field, assess the evidential strength of its analyses of historical handwriting, and identify justified next steps in reading, comparison and attribution.", "characteristics": { "substance": "information", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "read and interpreted" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: Greek paleography, History of the Armenian alphabet, Latin paleography, Crux, Belarusian paleography.", "5 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 68 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a palaeography, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "content that has to be carried by something else", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "read it and act on what it says" ], "howItIsRecognised": [], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "Greek paleography", "History of the Armenian alphabet", "Latin paleography", "Crux", "Belarusian paleography" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 68 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 5 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one palaeography from another, and a palaeography from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a palaeography, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a palaeography, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a palaeography is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a palaeography, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a palaeography, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a palaeography is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a palaeography sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a palaeography, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a palaeography, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a palaeography is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a palaeography from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a palaeography, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a palaeography, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a palaeography is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a palaeography passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a palaeography between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a palaeography, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a palaeography, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a palaeography is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a palaeography, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a palaeography is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a palaeography, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a palaeography, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a palaeography is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "content-and-access", "name": "Content, encoding and access", "description": "What a palaeography says, how it is encoded and who may read it.", "rationale": "An informational thing carries content that can be copied, versioned and withheld, none of which its physical carrier explains.", "layers": [ { "id": "content-and-encoding", "name": "Content and encoding", "description": "The content itself, its format and its language.", "findings": [ { "id": "content-and-format", "name": "Content, format and language", "description": "What a palaeography contains and in what form it is held.", "questions": [ { "id": "content-and-format-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the content of a palaeography, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the content of a palaeography, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the content of a palaeography is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "access-and-rights", "name": "Access, rights and retention", "description": "Who may read, copy or change it, and for how long it is kept.", "findings": [ { "id": "access-rules", "name": "Access rules and retention", "description": "The permissions attached to a palaeography and the period it survives.", "questions": [ { "id": "access-rules-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes access to a palaeography, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about access to a palaeography, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once access to a palaeography is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "subject-and-method", "name": "Subject matter and method", "description": "What palaeography studies and how it establishes anything.", "rationale": "A field is identified by its questions and its methods, and those are what distinguish it from the fields next to it.", "layers": [ { "id": "subject", "name": "Subject matter", "description": "The questions it takes as its own.", "findings": [ { "id": "subject-record", "name": "Questions and objects of study", "description": "What it is about, stated so a neighbouring field can be told apart.", "questions": [ { "id": "subject-record-q01", "text": "What questions and objects does palaeography take as its own?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "subject-record-q02", "text": "Which questions does it share with a neighbouring field, and who claims them?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "method", "name": "Method and evidence", "description": "How claims are established and what counts as evidence.", "findings": [ { "id": "method-record", "name": "Methods and standards of evidence", "description": "The methods used and what they are taken to establish.", "questions": [ { "id": "method-record-q01", "text": "By what methods does palaeography establish claims, and what counts as sufficient evidence?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "method-record-q02", "text": "What kind of claim can this field not settle, and where should an agent look instead?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "institutions-and-classification", "name": "Institutions and classification", "description": "Where palaeography is practised and how catalogues place it.", "rationale": "The institutional footprint is the evidence that a field exists as a field rather than as a topic.", "layers": [ { "id": "institutions", "name": "Institutional markers", "description": "Societies, journals, degrees and departments.", "findings": [ { "id": "institution-record", "name": "Bodies and venues", "description": "Where the field organises itself.", "questions": [ { "id": "institution-record-q01", "text": "Which societies, journals or degrees mark palaeography as an established field?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "institution-record-q02", "text": "What would show that it is emerging or dissolving rather than established?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification", "name": "Classification schemes", "description": "Where library and research classifications put it.", "findings": [ { "id": "classification-record", "name": "Codes and their disagreements", "description": "The classification codes that place it, and where they differ.", "questions": [ { "id": "classification-record-q01", "text": "Which classification schemes place palaeography, under what codes?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "classification-record-q02", "text": "Where do those schemes disagree about its scope?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a palaeography came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a palaeography and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a palaeography, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a palaeography, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a palaeography is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a palaeography is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a palaeography, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a palaeography, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a palaeography is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }