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Research draft

booting

vr.tr.booting · ACT.ACT

Enable an AI agent to recognise a booting attempt, assess progress toward an explicit operational readiness condition, and determine which interventions are permitted.

Thing Registry Activities and processes

Research draft, second pass

A second pass drafted this model: the structure a model of this thing needs, and what is known about it in the world. The line under this one says how the second half was obtained - researched against sources, or recalled without web access, in which case nothing here was read anywhere and every claim is a lead to verify. Unreviewed either way.

Researched by: Codex + Grok

Purpose and description

Enable an AI agent to recognise a booting attempt, assess progress toward an explicit operational readiness condition, and determine which interventions are permitted.

Booting is the process of starting a computer from power-on or reset by executing firmware at a hardware reset vector, initializing devices, loading successive boot programs into memory, and transferring control until a runtime system - typically an operating system - is attained.

It can be Observe startup progress and associate available console, event, or status evidence with a particular boot attempt.; Initiate an authorised boot attempt using an identified target and startup selection.; Compare observed progress with the target's stage expectations and readiness condition.; Identify a blocking dependency or trust decision and determine the authorised next action.; Select an authorised recovery or fallback path after checking its consequences.; Interrupt or retry an attempt when permitted, preserving failure evidence and applying a retry limit..

Distinguishing features

An attempt starts or re-establishes the target's foundational execution environment; opening an application within that environment does not qualify.

The activity has an identifiable initiating event and readiness boundary, even when observations cannot determine their exact times.

The target may be physical or virtual, but its identity must distinguish its boot attempt from startup activity in a host or dependent service.

A restart includes a booting segment after reset or shutdown; the preceding teardown is outside that segment.

Restoring preserved execution state is distinguished from establishing an initial execution state; hybrid cases require an explicit boundary decision.

Scope

+ The computing target, initiating trigger, starting condition, and identity of each boot attempt

+ Selection and loading of the startup path, executable images, and boot configuration

+ Progress through applicable firmware, loader, operating environment, and initialisation stages

+ Dependencies and trust checks that permit or prevent startup

+ Evidence of readiness, failure, interruption, and repeated attempts

+ Permitted observation, recovery, retry, and cancellation actions

- Installation, provisioning, and updating of the operating environment

- Routine application launch inside an already operational environment

- Steady-state operation and ongoing service health after the boot readiness boundary

- Shutdown activities preceding a restart

- Sleep, suspension, and restoration of preserved execution state

- General hardware repair and boot-image development

Characteristics

Boot target
Reference to the physical device, virtual machine, or other explicitly bounded computing target Prevents observations from different execution environments being combined into one attempt.
Starting condition
Powered off | reset | running before restart | failed startup | other evidenced condition | unknown Determines which startup stages and interventions are applicable.
Attempt state
Initiated | progressing | waiting | suspected stalled | failed | interrupted | ready | unknown Separates observed progress and terminal outcomes from uncertainty caused by missing evidence.
Current startup stage
Target-specific stage name, with observation time and evidence; unknown when unobserved Locates a blockage and limits interventions to those relevant to the active stage.
Selected boot path
References to the selected boot entry, image or device, configuration, and fallback path where applicable Distinguishes the intended environment from the environment actually being started.
Elapsed boot time
Milliseconds or seconds from a named initiating event to a named observation or readiness event Supports progress and timeout judgments without assuming one universal boot duration.
Readiness condition
Explicit target-specific acceptance predicate and its evaluation as satisfied, unsatisfied, or unknown Avoids equating a visible startup screen or a running kernel with completion.
Attempt lineage
References to preceding attempts, reset events, and automatic or manual retry causes Makes repeated failures and boot loops recognisable across otherwise separate attempts.

Also called

booting process of LinuxAndroid boot procesWindows startup process

Where this came from

wikidata · CC0 1.0

Drafted structure

Bundle to layer to finding to question, as the second pass will find it: 5 bundles · 9 layers · 16 findings · 24 questions.

Boot attempt boundary Establishes which target is booting, what initiated it, and where the attempt begins and ends.

Boot events can be confused with application launches, host restarts, resumed sessions, or successive retries.

Target and trigger

Identifies the execution environment being established and the event that initiated the attempt.

Identified boot attempt

Record the target, its starting condition, and evidence that separates this attempt from neighbouring startup events.

  1. Which computing target is establishing its execution environment, and what distinguishes it from its host or dependent applications? boundary
  2. Which power-on, reset, watchdog, operator, or orchestration event initiated this attempt, and what evidence identifies that event? provenance

Completion boundary

Defines the operational condition that ends booting for this target.

Declared boot readiness

Record a testable readiness condition and distinguish it from intermediate signs of life.

  1. What observable condition counts as boot complete for this target: an initial process, an interactive session, a device function, or another explicit criterion? definition
  2. Which initialisation tasks must finish before that condition is satisfied, and which belong to subsequent operation? boundary
Startup path and handoffs Describes the selected route from initial execution to the intended operating environment.

A target can make startup progress while loading the wrong environment or failing at a particular transfer of control.

Boot selection

Captures the intended and actual startup source and configuration.

Resolved boot source

Record which startup entry, device, image, or network source was selected and how that selection was resolved.

  1. Which boot source and configuration were intended, and which were actually selected? provenance
  2. Did an override, boot-order rule, unavailable source, or fallback decision change the selected startup path? provenance

Execution handoffs

Tracks applicable startup stages and evidence that control passed between them.

Observed control transfer

Record the target-specific sequence of startup stages without requiring every target to have firmware, a separate loader, or a general-purpose operating system.

  1. Which startup stages apply to this target, and what event demonstrates successful transfer of control between each pair? definition
  2. What is the last evidenced handoff, and is the next stage unstarted, active, failed, or unobserved? measurement
Boot prerequisites and trust Captures resources and acceptance decisions required to continue the selected startup path.

Booting may wait on unavailable resources or deliberately stop at a trust boundary; those conditions require different responses.

Startup dependencies

Identifies dependencies required before the target can reach readiness.

Blocking boot dependency

Record required resources such as a boot device, network image source, root filesystem, or authorised unlock mechanism when applicable.

  1. Which resource must the current startup stage obtain, and what evidence shows it is available or blocking progress? measurement
  2. Can this dependency be deferred or substituted while still satisfying the declared boot readiness condition? boundary

Startup acceptance

Separates image availability from permission to execute or unlock the selected environment.

Boot trust decision

Record applicable verification or authorisation checks, their outcomes, and the policy governing continuation without storing secret material.

  1. Which verification, integrity, or unlock checks apply to this boot path, and what evidence establishes their outcomes? provenance
  2. If a check rejects the selected path or awaits authorisation, which recovery actions are permitted under the target's policy? action
Boot progress and recovery Supports evidence-based assessment of progress, failure, and intervention across attempts.

Silence does not by itself establish a stall, and repeated resets can obscure failure evidence or perpetuate a boot loop.

Progress evidence

Relates observations and elapsed time to stage-specific expectations.

Assessed boot progress

Record milestones, errors, observation gaps, and the basis for declaring a wait, suspected stall, failure, or successful completion.

  1. Which milestones or errors have been observed, when were they observed, and which startup stages lack visibility? measurement
  2. What target-specific timeout, explicit error, or readiness evidence supports the current assessment of this attempt? measurement

Bounded intervention

Connects recovery choices to authority, evidence preservation, and previous attempts.

Permitted boot recovery

Record which interventions are authorised, their preconditions, and the conditions under which retries must stop or escalate.

  1. Which of waiting, supplying an authorised prerequisite, selecting a fallback, interrupting, or retrying is permitted now, and what evidence must be preserved first? action
  2. How many related attempts have occurred, what changed between them, and what stopping condition prevents an uncontrolled boot loop? action
Evidence and external alignment What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.

A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.

Reported evidence

Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.

Kinds and varieties

Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.

  • Cold (hard) boot: full power-on from off, including POST and DRAM/device initialization
  • Warm (soft) reboot: restart without cutting CPU power; some hardware init may be skipped
  • UEFI boot: firmware boot manager loads PE/EFI executables from an EFI System Partition
  • Legacy BIOS/CSM boot: firmware loads an MBR/VBR boot sector and chain-loads later stages
  • Network boot (PXE): NIC firmware fetches a boot image over TFTP after DHCP discovery
  • Secure or measured boot: each stage is signature-checked and optionally hashed into a TPM
  • Dual or multi-boot: a boot manager presents a choice of OS images or rescue tools
  • Hibernation resume: the firmware/bootloader restores a saved memory image from disk (unlike S3 sleep, which is not a boot)
  1. Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of booting this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance

Identifiers and schemes

Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.

  • Wikidata - Q180256 - Item 'booting': process of starting a computer.
  • IBM IPL - Initial Program Load from a three- or four-hex-digit device address (CUU / CSS.CHPID.UA on later systems) - Name used on System/360 and z/Architecture instead of 'boot'.
  • UEFI boot option - Boot#### (hex 0000-FFFF) NVRAM variable plus BootOrder - Firmware-persisted boot entries defined by the UEFI specification.
  • x86 reset vector - physical 0xFFFFFFF0 (32/64-bit) or 0xFFFF0 (16-bit) - First instruction fetch after reset; typically a jump into firmware ROM.
  • MBR boot signature - 0x55 0xAA at bytes 510-511 of sector 0 - Little-endian word AA55h that BIOS treats as evidence a sector is bootable.
  1. Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of booting this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance

Standards and regulation

Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.

  • UEFI Specification (v2.10 family, UEFI Forum) - firmware boot manager, ESP, Secure Boot variables and image validation
  • IEEE Std 1275-1994 Open Firmware (IEEE) - Forth-based boot firmware used on SPARC and some PowerPC Macs
  • Preboot Execution Environment (PXE) specification (Intel) - DHCP/TFTP network boot
  • El Torito Bootable CD-ROM Format Specification (Phoenix Technologies / IBM) - optical-disc boot
  • NIST SP 800-147 BIOS Protection Guidelines (NIST) - authorized, authenticated update of PC client boot firmware
  • Windows Hardware Compatibility Program UEFI Secure Boot requirements (Microsoft) - PK/KEK/db provisioning and signed boot path for Windows
  1. Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of booting this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance

Real-world use

Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.

  • Pressing the power button on a PC, phone, or server so firmware POST/init runs, a boot device is selected, and the OS reaches a login or ready state
  • Software reboot after kernel update, driver install, or crash recovery
  • Enterprise imaging: PXE-boot a fleet of PCs from a deployment server
  • Installer and rescue media: boot from USB, ISO (El Torito), or Windows To Go-style live drives
  • Dual-boot menus (GRUB, rEFInd, Windows Boot Manager) choosing among OS partitions
  • IBM Z operator IPL from a specified DASD, tape, or virtual device
  • Embedded and appliance devices executing from ROM/flash with little or no secondary-store load
  1. Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of booting this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance

Typical measurements

Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.

  • Time from power-on to firmware handoff (POST/init) - about 1-30 on PCs; near 0 when the runtime executes in place from ROM - s
  • Time from power-on to interactive OS - about 10-90 on modern SSD desktops; minutes on HDD, first boot after update, or VDI boot storms - s
  • MBR first-stage code size - up to 446 in a 512-byte sector (64-byte partition table + 2-byte signature) - byte
  • BIOS boot-sector load address - linear 0x7C00 - address
  • UEFI Secure Boot signature strength (Microsoft profile) - RSA-2048 with SHA-256 minimum for firmware components - algorithm
  1. Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of booting this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance

Failure modes and hazards

Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.

  • POST halt: missing/failed RAM, CPU, or other required hardware (beep codes or firmware error screens)
  • No bootable device or wrong boot order (empty optical/USB first, missing ESP, corrupt MBR signature)
  • Damaged bootloader, ESP, or kernel image causing a boot loop, recovery prompt, or drop to firmware shell
  • Secure Boot rejection of an unsigned or wrongly signed bootloader (common after Linux install or key expiry)
  • Unauthorized firmware modification: persistent malware or permanent denial of service below the OS
  • Boot storm: many clients booting at once saturate storage or network (VDI/PXE)
  • Dual-boot overwrite: one OS installer replaces another's bootloader
  • Failed firmware update leaving the platform unbootable (brick)
  1. Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of booting this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance

Regional variation

Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.

  • IBM mainframe practice names the same act Initial Program Load (IPL), not 'boot'
  • Spanish: arranque; French: démarrage / amorçage; German: Bootvorgang / Hochfahren; Chinese: 开机 / 启动
  • Many PC vendors still label UEFI setup screens 'BIOS' in every market, which confuses firmware generation with the boot process
  • Open Firmware (IEEE 1275) was the workstation/Mac PowerPC path; x86 PCs standardized on BIOS then UEFI
  1. Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of booting this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance

Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart

Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.

  • bootloader - A bootloader is a program (BIOS/UEFI, GRUB, BOOTMGR, U-Boot) used during booting; booting is the whole start-up process that uses one or more such programs.
  • reboot - A reboot is a restart of an already-running machine; it is an instance of booting, not a different process, and may be hard (power cycle) or soft.
  • power-on self-test (POST) - POST is the firmware diagnostic/init phase; booting includes POST plus locating a boot device and loading a runtime. POST can fail with no OS ever loaded.
  • sleep / ACPI S3 wake - Sleep keeps RAM powered and does not reload the OS; Wikipedia treats wake-from-sleep as not booting, unlike resume from hibernation.
  • application or service startup - Starts after the OS is already running; booting ends when the runtime can run system or application programs.
  • bootstrapping (general / statistics) - The etymological parent ('pull oneself up by one's bootstraps') and the statistical resampling method; neither is the computer start-up sequence.
  • boot (footwear) - Homonym (Wikidata Q190868); this entry is the computing process Q180256.
  1. Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of booting this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance

Sources

  1. Booting - Process definition; hard vs soft reboot; IPL; UEFI vs BIOS; PXE; El Torito; Open Firmware; hibernation vs sleep; MBR/reset-vector details; etymology.
  2. booting (Q180256) - Canonical identifier, aliases (boot process, computer startup, boot sequence), subclass of planned process, uses bootloader and firmware.
  3. Boot and UEFI - Vendor-specific SoC firmware then UEFI then Windows Boot Manager handoff on Windows 10 devices.
  4. UEFI Specifications - Governing firmware/boot-manager specification (v2.10 family) and pointer to TCG measured-boot profiles.
  5. Computer Boot Process Explained - BIOS→POST→MBR→bootloader sequence and the 512-byte MBR layout (446+64+2).
  6. Secure boot - Industry Secure Boot profile: UEFI 2.3.1 authenticated variables, PK/KEK/db, RSA-2048/SHA-256 firmware signing.
  7. SP 800-147, BIOS Protection Guidelines - NIST guidelines treating conventional BIOS, EFI, and UEFI as boot firmware that must be protected against unauthorized modification.

What the second pass must settle

  • Does the registry intend computing startup by 'booting', or another activity such as kicking or expulsion, given that no definition is recorded?
  • Which existing Vercy world model, if any, already owns computing booting and should be linked instead of creating a separate model?
  • Which target classes belong here, particularly containers, embedded runtimes, and application environments that describe their own startup as booting?
  • How should hybrid startup, hibernation restoration, and direct operating-environment replacement be bounded against neighbouring resume and restart models?
  • Which authoritative target-specific sources establish stage expectations, readiness criteria, timeout policies, and permitted recovery actions?