{ "model": { "rank": 4461, "code": "thing-q180285", "model_id": "vr.tr.northrop-b-2-spirit", "name": "Northrop B-2 Spirit", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise the Northrop B-2 Spirit aircraft type, interpret evidence about individual aircraft states, and identify appropriate records, constraints and authorised next actions.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.OBJ", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q180285/", "tier": 2, "score": 75, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "B-2A Spirit" ], "aliasCount": 1, "merged": 1, "knownIn": 75, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q180285", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180285", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T20:16:49Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 21.7, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a087cf-d9c0-7373-8d5a-d2dd1a484d32\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: Northrop B-2 Spirit\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.OBJ\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 695 things:\n# Batch 004: 1", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 68.4, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a087cf-d9b7-7f92-bb5a-1234b3cf037c\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: Northrop B-2 Spirit\nRegistry id: vr.tr.northrop-b-2-spirit\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.OBJ\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this " } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q180285", "registryId": "vr.tr.northrop-b-2-spirit", "name": "Northrop B-2 Spirit", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.OBJ" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q180285/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.northrop-b-2-spirit", "name": "Northrop B-2 Spirit", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise the Northrop B-2 Spirit aircraft type, interpret evidence about individual aircraft states, and identify appropriate records, constraints and authorised next actions.", "definition": "The Northrop B-2 Spirit is a United States long-range, subsonic, low-observable strategic bomber aircraft type with a flying-wing configuration, four turbofan engines and a two-person crew, designed to deliver conventional and nuclear weapons.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the type-level identity and distinctive assessment requirements of Northrop B-2 Spirit, registry entry vr.tr.northrop-b-2-spirit in PHY / PHY.OBJ; individual aircraft supply observations against this model while retaining separate identities and histories.", "in_scope": [ "B-2 aircraft-type identity, naming, configuration boundaries and distinguishing airframe features", "Relationships between the aircraft type, individual airframes and documented modification baselines", "Publicly documented propulsion, flight-control, crew and support requirements", "Evidence needed to assess airworthiness, maintenance condition and low-observable configuration", "High-level mission-role compatibility and restrictions on aircraft use" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Individual airframes as independent registry concepts, including their complete event histories", "Generic aerodynamics, turbine engines and military-aircraft principles owned by broader models", "Detailed weapon design, arming procedures, targeting and strike planning", "Methods for defeating detection systems or exploiting aircraft vulnerabilities", "The manufacturer, operating organisations, air bases and acquisition programme as separate things" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Require an authoritative designation linking the candidate to B-2 Spirit; a flying-wing silhouette alone does not establish identity.", "Check for the characteristic tailless flying-wing airframe and absence of a conventional vertical tail, using these as supporting recognition evidence.", "Distinguish the B-2 type from B-21 Raider and other flying-wing aircraft through documented designation and configuration evidence.", "Separate the aircraft type from a named or numbered airframe: a tail identifier identifies an instance, not a new aircraft type.", "Distinguish an operational aircraft from a mock-up, scale model or simulation even when its external appearance reproduces the B-2." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Designation and identity evidence", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Canonical designation, aliases, issuing authority and source date", "why_it_matters": "Prevents visual resemblance, naming variation or historical attribution from creating duplicate concepts." }, { "name": "Airframe-to-type relationship", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Individual aircraft identifier → vr.tr.northrop-b-2-spirit", "why_it_matters": "Keeps type-wide knowledge separate from the condition and history of a particular aircraft." }, { "name": "Configuration baseline", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Documented modification or equipment baseline; unknown when unsupported", "why_it_matters": "Capabilities and support requirements must be tied to the configuration to which they apply." }, { "name": "Airframe dimensions", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Wingspan, length and height in m, with source and configuration applicability", "why_it_matters": "Supports recognition and assessment of facility and handling compatibility." }, { "name": "Mass and loading limits", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "kg, with explicit distinction between empty mass, operating mass and published limits", "why_it_matters": "Prevents values defined under different loading assumptions from being treated as interchangeable." }, { "name": "Published range and endurance basis", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "km and h, qualified by loading assumptions and refuelling basis", "why_it_matters": "Keeps public performance figures attached to their stated conditions." }, { "name": "Propulsion configuration", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Aircraft baseline → documented engine type and installation count", "why_it_matters": "Links performance and maintenance evidence to the applicable propulsion installation." }, { "name": "Flight-control release status", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Released, restricted, withheld or unknown, with authority and timestamp", "why_it_matters": "Physical appearance does not establish that the aircraft's control systems are fit for flight." }, { "name": "Low-observable condition evidence", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Documented assessment, restrictions, evidence date and access classification", "why_it_matters": "Separates the type's design intent from evidence about an individual aircraft's maintained condition." }, { "name": "Airworthiness and maintenance disposition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Released, restricted, under maintenance, withdrawn or unknown", "why_it_matters": "Determines whether an agent may recommend administrative progression or must defer to authorised review." }, { "name": "Mission-role approval", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Configuration → documented role approval and approving authority", "why_it_matters": "Prevents a type-level mission description from being mistaken for an individual aircraft's current authorisation." } ], "affordances": [ "Resolve B-2 names, images and aircraft identifiers against authoritative type and instance records.", "Compare a recorded configuration with the baseline supported by a technical or historical source.", "Flag missing, stale or conflicting evidence for airworthiness and maintenance review.", "Check published dimensions and support requirements against a proposed facility record.", "Separate documented role compatibility from current readiness and operational authorisation.", "Route condition and configuration questions to the responsible maintenance, engineering or operating authority." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "b-2-identity-and-boundary", "name": "B-2 identity and boundary", "description": "Establishes what counts as the registered aircraft type and how related records attach to it.", "rationale": "The B-2 name can refer to a type, a particular aircraft or a representation; these require different evidence and ownership.", "layers": [ { "id": "designation-and-recognition", "name": "Designation and recognition", "description": "Combines documented identity with supporting recognition features.", "findings": [ { "id": "authoritative-b-2-identification", "name": "Authoritative B-2 identification", "description": "Record designation evidence before using silhouette or descriptive labels to establish type membership.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which authoritative record identifies this subject as B-2 Spirit?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "authoritative-b-2-identification-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence distinguishes it from B-21, another flying-wing aircraft or a B-2 representation?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "authoritative-b-2-identification-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "type-instance-and-baseline", "name": "Type, instance and baseline", "description": "Separates the registered type from aircraft identities and changes within the type.", "findings": [ { "id": "airframe-and-modification-membership", "name": "Airframe and modification membership", "description": "Attach individual airframes and documented configuration baselines without creating duplicate type concepts.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the record describe the B-2 type, an individual airframe or a modification baseline?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "airframe-and-modification-membership-q01" }, { "text": "Which dated record establishes the airframe's applicable configuration?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "airframe-and-modification-membership-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "flying-wing-flight-system", "name": "Flying-wing flight system", "description": "Captures the B-2's airframe, propulsion and control-system assessment requirements.", "rationale": "Its flying-wing form makes geometry, installed systems and flight-control evidence central to recognition and condition assessment.", "layers": [ { "id": "geometry-and-propulsion", "name": "Geometry and propulsion", "description": "Records configuration-qualified physical and propulsion characteristics.", "findings": [ { "id": "installed-airframe-envelope", "name": "Installed airframe envelope", "description": "Use documented B-2 dimensions, mass definitions and engine installation records with explicit applicability.", "questions": [ { "text": "What dimensions and mass limits are published, and which definitions and configuration do they use?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "installed-airframe-envelope-q01" }, { "text": "Which source establishes the engine type and installation count for this baseline?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "installed-airframe-envelope-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "control-and-flight-release", "name": "Control and flight release", "description": "Relates flight-control configuration to authorised assessment of flight condition.", "findings": [ { "id": "control-system-status-evidence", "name": "Control-system status evidence", "description": "Represent control-system readiness through approved records rather than inference from power-on state or exterior condition.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which approved record establishes the applicable flight-control configuration and outstanding restrictions?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "control-system-status-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "What authorised review is required when control-system release evidence is missing or inconsistent?", "kind": "action", "id": "control-system-status-evidence-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "low-observable-integrity", "name": "Low-observable integrity", "description": "Separates low-observable design identity from maintained condition and evidence limitations.", "rationale": "A B-2 remains the same aircraft type even when its surface condition or maintenance disposition changes; identity does not prove signature performance.", "layers": [ { "id": "design-and-evidence-limits", "name": "Design and evidence limits", "description": "Defines how public low-observable descriptions may be interpreted.", "findings": [ { "id": "qualified-signature-claims", "name": "Qualified signature claims", "description": "Keep qualitative design descriptions separate from measured performance and unsupported numerical claims.", "questions": [ { "text": "What does the cited source mean by low observable in its description of the B-2?", "kind": "definition", "id": "qualified-signature-claims-q01" }, { "text": "Does the source establish design intent, a measured result or only an unverified performance claim?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "qualified-signature-claims-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "surface-condition-and-restoration", "name": "Surface condition and restoration", "description": "Records authorised condition assessments following inspection or maintenance.", "findings": [ { "id": "maintained-low-observable-condition", "name": "Maintained low-observable condition", "description": "Track assessment status and unresolved restrictions without encoding sensitive signature details or repair procedures.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which current authorised assessment establishes the aircraft's low-observable maintenance disposition?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "maintained-low-observable-condition-q01" }, { "text": "Who must review the aircraft after a recorded surface repair or configuration change before the relevant restriction can be cleared?", "kind": "action", "id": "maintained-low-observable-condition-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "mission-role-and-operating-envelope", "name": "Mission role and operating envelope", "description": "Organises public role descriptions, conditional performance figures and approval boundaries.", "rationale": "B-2 mission capability, aircraft readiness and permission to conduct an operation are separate determinations.", "layers": [ { "id": "role-and-configuration-approval", "name": "Role and configuration approval", "description": "Links high-level mission roles to documented configuration applicability.", "findings": [ { "id": "role-compatibility-boundary", "name": "Role compatibility boundary", "description": "Record public conventional and nuclear role descriptions only at the level supported by authoritative sources.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which source establishes each stated B-2 role and its configuration applicability?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "role-compatibility-boundary-q01" }, { "text": "What additional authority determines whether a particular aircraft is currently approved for that role?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "role-compatibility-boundary-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "conditional-performance", "name": "Conditional performance", "description": "Keeps published performance values attached to their assumptions.", "findings": [ { "id": "range-loading-and-refuelling-basis", "name": "Range, loading and refuelling basis", "description": "Treat range, endurance and loading figures as qualified reference values rather than universal operating guarantees.", "questions": [ { "text": "What loading and refuelling assumptions accompany each published range or endurance figure?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "range-loading-and-refuelling-basis-q01" }, { "text": "Which values are descriptive public specifications, and which are limits established by an applicable approved document?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "range-loading-and-refuelling-basis-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "sustainment-and-authorised-use", "name": "Sustainment and authorised use", "description": "Connects B-2 support dependencies, maintenance evidence and release authority.", "rationale": "Aircraft availability depends on suitable facilities, qualified support and documented release, including requirements particular to its configuration.", "layers": [ { "id": "facilities-and-support-dependencies", "name": "Facilities and support dependencies", "description": "Identifies documented requirements for housing, handling and maintaining the aircraft.", "findings": [ { "id": "b-2-support-compatibility", "name": "B-2 support compatibility", "description": "Assess facility and support suitability using published requirements and authorised engineering records.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which documented B-2 requirements govern facility clearance, environmental conditions and ground-support compatibility?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "b-2-support-compatibility-q01" }, { "text": "What review is required before accepting a facility or support-equipment record as compatible?", "kind": "action", "id": "b-2-support-compatibility-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "maintenance-and-release-authority", "name": "Maintenance and release authority", "description": "Distinguishes recorded technical condition from permission to operate.", "findings": [ { "id": "traceable-disposition-and-release", "name": "Traceable disposition and release", "description": "Require dated maintenance disposition, applicable restrictions and responsible authority for any readiness conclusion.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which B-2 maintenance and military airworthiness documents govern this aircraft, and who issues them?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "traceable-disposition-and-release-q01" }, { "text": "What may an agent record or refer for review when release evidence is expired, absent or contradicted by an unresolved defect?", "kind": "action", "id": "traceable-disposition-and-release-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "These are recalled public facts, not researched findings; no sources were consulted.", "Block designations describe historical capability configurations, not necessarily the present configuration of surviving aircraft.", "Range and payload are approximate published figures; operational performance depends on mission conditions, and detailed signature information is not public." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of Northrop B-2 Spirit this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Block 10 configuration", "Block 20 configuration", "Block 30 configuration" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of Northrop B-2 Spirit this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "United States military Mission Design Series designation", "value_or_pattern": "B-2A", "note": "Identifies the aircraft design and series; individual aircraft have separate USAF serial numbers." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of Northrop B-2 Spirit this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Long-range conventional precision strikes", "Penetration of defended airspace using low-observable characteristics", "Strategic nuclear deterrence", "Extended-range missions supported by aerial refuelling" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of Northrop B-2 Spirit this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Wingspan", "typical_range": "Approximately 52.4", "unit": "m" }, { "quantity": "Length", "typical_range": "Approximately 21.0", "unit": "m" }, { "quantity": "Height", "typical_range": "Approximately 5.2", "unit": "m" }, { "quantity": "Published unrefuelled range", "typical_range": "Approximately 11000", "unit": "km" }, { "quantity": "Published weapons payload capacity", "typical_range": "Approximately 18100", "unit": "kg" }, { "quantity": "Normal flight crew", "typical_range": "2", "unit": "people" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of Northrop B-2 Spirit this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Air-data sensor errors can produce unsafe flight-control responses.", "Damage or deterioration affecting low-observable surfaces can increase detectability and require specialised maintenance.", "Landing-gear malfunction can cause landing accidents and structural damage.", "Engine or fuel-system failures can cause loss of thrust or fire.", "Weapons carriage and handling introduce explosive hazards and, for nuclear missions, additional nuclear-surety requirements." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of Northrop B-2 Spirit this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "The aircraft type is operated by the United States Air Force; no export variant is known." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of Northrop B-2 Spirit this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Stealth aircraft", "difference": "A broad category defined by reduced detectability; the B-2 is a particular bomber aircraft type within it." }, { "name": "Northrop Grumman B-21 Raider", "difference": "A separately developed stealth bomber type, rather than a B-2 configuration or individual airframe." }, { "name": "Rockwell B-1B Lancer", "difference": "A supersonic, variable-sweep-wing bomber, unlike the subsonic flying-wing B-2." }, { "name": "Individual B-2 airframe", "difference": "A particular aircraft has its own serial number, name and maintenance history; this entry describes the aircraft type." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of Northrop B-2 Spirit this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does an existing Vercy world model already cover B-2 Spirit, requiring this registry entry to link to it instead of creating another publication?", "Which authoritative sources establish the canonical naming, configuration history and boundaries between baseline changes within the B-2 type?", "Which public dimensions, mass limits and performance figures can be reconciled with explicit definitions, dates and configuration applicability?", "Which publicly accessible B-2 maintenance, support and military airworthiness requirements can be cited with their issuing authorities?", "What public evidence can support low-observable condition and role-approval assessments, and which determinations must remain unknown or refer to restricted authorised records?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 18, "questions": 28 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "unclassified", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a Northrop B-2 Spirit, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to recognise the Northrop B-2 Spirit aircraft type, interpret evidence about individual aircraft states, and identify appropriate records, constraints and authorised next actions.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "manufactured", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: B-2A Spirit.", "1 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 75 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a Northrop B-2 Spirit, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by form and material. The registry holds no appearance data, so what a Northrop B-2 Spirit looks like has to come from research." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "B-2A Spirit" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 75 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 1 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one Northrop B-2 Spirit from another, and a Northrop B-2 Spirit from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a Northrop B-2 Spirit, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a Northrop B-2 Spirit, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a Northrop B-2 Spirit is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a Northrop B-2 Spirit, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a Northrop B-2 Spirit, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a Northrop B-2 Spirit is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a Northrop B-2 Spirit sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a Northrop B-2 Spirit, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a Northrop B-2 Spirit, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a Northrop B-2 Spirit is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a Northrop B-2 Spirit from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a Northrop B-2 Spirit, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a Northrop B-2 Spirit, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a Northrop B-2 Spirit is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a Northrop B-2 Spirit is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a Northrop B-2 Spirit, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a Northrop B-2 Spirit, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a Northrop B-2 Spirit is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a Northrop B-2 Spirit is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a Northrop B-2 Spirit, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a Northrop B-2 Spirit, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a Northrop B-2 Spirit is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a Northrop B-2 Spirit is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a Northrop B-2 Spirit, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a Northrop B-2 Spirit, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a Northrop B-2 Spirit is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a Northrop B-2 Spirit is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a Northrop B-2 Spirit is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a Northrop B-2 Spirit, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a Northrop B-2 Spirit, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a Northrop B-2 Spirit is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a Northrop B-2 Spirit is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a Northrop B-2 Spirit, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a Northrop B-2 Spirit, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a Northrop B-2 Spirit is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a Northrop B-2 Spirit passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a Northrop B-2 Spirit between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a Northrop B-2 Spirit, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a Northrop B-2 Spirit, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a Northrop B-2 Spirit is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a Northrop B-2 Spirit, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a Northrop B-2 Spirit is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a Northrop B-2 Spirit, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a Northrop B-2 Spirit, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a Northrop B-2 Spirit is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "use-and-operation", "name": "Use and operation", "description": "What can be done with a Northrop B-2 Spirit and what it takes to do it.", "rationale": "An agent that can recognise a thing but not act on it has only half a model.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-use", "name": "Intended use and function", "description": "What a Northrop B-2 Spirit is for, and what it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-and-purpose", "name": "Function, purpose and misuse", "description": "The function a Northrop B-2 Spirit performs and the uses that fall outside it.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-and-purpose-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the use of a Northrop B-2 Spirit, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "function-and-purpose-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the use of a Northrop B-2 Spirit, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "function-and-purpose-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the use of a Northrop B-2 Spirit is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "handling-and-procedure", "name": "Handling and procedure", "description": "The steps, skills and tools involved in using a Northrop B-2 Spirit.", "findings": [ { "id": "procedures-and-skills", "name": "Procedures, skills and required tools", "description": "What an agent needs before it can act on a Northrop B-2 Spirit at all.", "questions": [ { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes handling a Northrop B-2 Spirit, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about handling a Northrop B-2 Spirit, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once handling a Northrop B-2 Spirit is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a Northrop B-2 Spirit came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a Northrop B-2 Spirit and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a Northrop B-2 Spirit, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a Northrop B-2 Spirit, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a Northrop B-2 Spirit is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a Northrop B-2 Spirit is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a Northrop B-2 Spirit, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a Northrop B-2 Spirit, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a Northrop B-2 Spirit is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 13, "findings": 15, "questions": 45 } } } }