{ "model": { "rank": 5644, "code": "thing-q180388", "model_id": "vr.tr.waste-management", "name": "waste management", "purpose": "Let an agent explain waste management as a field and system, identify kinds of waste and treatment methods, relay regulation and statistics from official sources, and route local service questions to authorities.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Information and virtual systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "INF", "domain": "INF.KNW", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q180388/", "tier": 2, "score": 66, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "manure processing", "industrial waste stream", "wastewater treatment", "ocean dumping", "biological wastewater treatment", "industrial water treatment", "Anammox for wastewater treatment", "population equivalent", "septic drain field", "industrial wastewater treatment", "scrapping", "scuttling", "Waste containment", "domestic waste disposal machines", "radioactive waste disposal", "water supply and sanitation", "waste management in Peru", "littering", "natural knackery", "Resource recovery", "Landfill diversion", "Secondary treatment", "high-level radioactive waste management", "waste management in Beijing", "industrial waste management", "municipal waste management", "ship disposal", "thermal treatment", "Waste management in Switzerland", "waste management in Argentina", "hazardous waste container", "trash cans & wastebasket", "Nuclear waste disposal in space" ], "aliasCount": 33, "merged": 33, "knownIn": 66, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q180388", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-12T22:59:37Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 3, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q180388", "registryId": "vr.tr.waste-management", "name": "waste management", "version": "0.2.0-wave.3", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "INF.KNW" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q180388/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.waste-management", "name": "waste management", "purpose": "Let an agent explain waste management as a field and system, identify kinds of waste and treatment methods, relay regulation and statistics from official sources, and route local service questions to authorities.", "definition": "The collection, transport, treatment, recycling, recovery and disposal of waste from households, industry, agriculture and other sources, together with the regulation and planning of these activities; waste management covers solid waste, wastewater and sewage, hazardous and industrial waste streams and manure, follows the waste hierarchy of prevention, reuse, recycling, recovery and disposal, and is governed by environmental law, with practices such as ocean dumping now largely prohibited.", "what_it_is_for": "Handling waste to protect health and the environment.", "affordances": [ "explain the system and waste hierarchy", "identify waste kinds and treatments", "relay regulation and statistics", "route local service questions" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Waste hierarchy", "Multiple streams", "Public and private operators", "Environmental regulation" ], "appearance": "Collection vehicles, bins, transfer stations, recycling plants, treatment works, incinerators and landfills.", "visual_identification": [ "Handling of waste from source to disposal", "Solid, liquid, hazardous and organic streams", "Pollution control and resource management overlap but are broader" ], "physical_properties": [ { "quantity": "municipal solid waste worldwide", "typical_range": "about 2 billion", "unit": "tonnes per year", "note": "World Bank estimate" }, { "quantity": "global recycling rate", "typical_range": "about 13-20", "unit": "percent", "note": "estimates vary" } ], "families_and_kinds": [ "municipal solid waste management", "wastewater and sewage treatment including biological treatment", "industrial waste streams and water treatment", "hazardous waste management", "agricultural waste and manure processing", "construction and demolition waste", "historical practices such as ocean dumping" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "sustainability and environmental management", "why": "in registry terms" }, { "relation": "follows", "target": "waste hierarchy", "why": "the guiding principle" }, { "relation": "includes", "target": "recycling", "why": "a main activity" }, { "relation": "is governed by", "target": "environmental law", "why": "by jurisdiction" } ], "identifiers": [ { "scheme": "European Waste Catalogue codes", "value_or_pattern": "per waste type", "note": "" }, { "scheme": "Basel Convention codes", "value_or_pattern": "hazardous waste", "note": "" } ], "standards_and_regulation": [ "EU Waste Framework Directive and national waste laws", "Basel Convention on hazardous waste movements", "London Convention and Protocol on ocean dumping", "Wastewater treatment standards" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Pollution from landfill, dumping and untreated wastewater", "Illegal waste trade", "Health risks to workers and communities", "Confusing waste streams and rules" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "understand", "name": "Understand", "description": "What waste management is.", "rationale": "Definition.", "layers": [ { "id": "system", "name": "System", "description": "System and hierarchy.", "findings": [ { "id": "system-finding", "name": "System", "description": "System.", "questions": [ { "text": "What does waste management involve, and what is the waste hierarchy?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Is the question about waste management generally or a specific stream or local service?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "streams", "name": "Streams", "description": "Waste streams.", "findings": [ { "id": "streams-finding", "name": "Streams", "description": "Streams.", "questions": [ { "text": "What kinds of waste exist, and how is each treated?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the specific stream?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "rules", "name": "Rules", "description": "Regulation.", "rationale": "Regulation.", "layers": [ { "id": "law", "name": "Law", "description": "Law.", "findings": [ { "id": "law-finding", "name": "Law", "description": "Law.", "questions": [ { "text": "What laws and conventions govern waste, including hazardous waste and dumping at sea?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the specific law?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "local", "name": "Local", "description": "Local services.", "findings": [ { "id": "local-finding", "name": "Local", "description": "Local.", "questions": [ { "text": "How are local collection and disposal services organised, in general terms?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the user asking about their own local service, which needs the authority?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "data", "name": "Data", "description": "Statistics and performance.", "rationale": "Sources.", "layers": [ { "id": "statistics", "name": "Statistics", "description": "Statistics.", "findings": [ { "id": "statistics-finding", "name": "Statistics", "description": "Statistics.", "questions": [ { "text": "What do statistics show about waste generation, recycling and disposal, with sources?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "text": "Which sources are cited?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "impacts", "name": "Impacts", "description": "Impacts.", "findings": [ { "id": "impacts-finding", "name": "Impacts", "description": "Impacts.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the environmental and health impacts of different waste practices, with findings attributed?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which references are standard?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "context", "name": "Context", "description": "History and future.", "rationale": "Context.", "layers": [ { "id": "history", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "findings": [ { "id": "history-finding", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "questions": [ { "text": "How did waste management develop from early sanitation to modern systems?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the history of sanitation?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "future", "name": "Future", "description": "Circular economy.", "findings": [ { "id": "future-finding", "name": "Future", "description": "Future.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do circular economy approaches change waste management, with positions attributed?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits circular economy?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should wastewater treatment and hazardous waste be separate primary entries?", "How should regulation be linked by jurisdiction?", "The registry entry has merged aliases naming specific streams and treatments; should they be split off?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "discipline or field of knowledge", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a waste management, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent explain waste management as a field and system, identify kinds of waste and treatment methods, relay regulation and statistics from official sources, and route local service questions to authorities.", "characteristics": { "substance": "information", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "read and interpreted" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: manure processing, industrial waste stream, wastewater treatment, ocean dumping, biological wastewater treatment, industrial water treatment, Anammox for wastewater treatment, population equivalent, septic drain field, industrial wastewater treatment, scrapping, scuttling.", "33 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 66 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a waste management, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "content that has to be carried by something else", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "read it and act on what it says" ], "howItIsRecognised": [], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "manure processing", "industrial waste stream", "wastewater treatment", "ocean dumping", "biological wastewater treatment", "industrial water treatment", "Anammox for wastewater treatment", "population equivalent", "septic drain field", "industrial wastewater treatment", "scrapping", "scuttling" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 66 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 33 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one waste management from another, and a waste management from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a waste management, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a waste management, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a waste management is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a waste management, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a waste management, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a waste management is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a waste management sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a waste management, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a waste management, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a waste management is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a waste management from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a waste management, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a waste management, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a waste management is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a waste management passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a waste management between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a waste management, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a waste management, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a waste management is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a waste management, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a waste management is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a waste management, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a waste management, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a waste management is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "content-and-access", "name": "Content, encoding and access", "description": "What a waste management says, how it is encoded and who may read it.", "rationale": "An informational thing carries content that can be copied, versioned and withheld, none of which its physical carrier explains.", "layers": [ { "id": "content-and-encoding", "name": "Content and encoding", "description": "The content itself, its format and its language.", "findings": [ { "id": "content-and-format", "name": "Content, format and language", "description": "What a waste management contains and in what form it is held.", "questions": [ { "id": "content-and-format-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the content of a waste management, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the content of a waste management, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the content of a waste management is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "access-and-rights", "name": "Access, rights and retention", "description": "Who may read, copy or change it, and for how long it is kept.", "findings": [ { "id": "access-rules", "name": "Access rules and retention", "description": "The permissions attached to a waste management and the period it survives.", "questions": [ { "id": "access-rules-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes access to a waste management, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about access to a waste management, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once access to a waste management is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "subject-and-method", "name": "Subject matter and method", "description": "What waste management studies and how it establishes anything.", "rationale": "A field is identified by its questions and its methods, and those are what distinguish it from the fields next to it.", "layers": [ { "id": "subject", "name": "Subject matter", "description": "The questions it takes as its own.", "findings": [ { "id": "subject-record", "name": "Questions and objects of study", "description": "What it is about, stated so a neighbouring field can be told apart.", "questions": [ { "id": "subject-record-q01", "text": "What questions and objects does waste management take as its own?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "subject-record-q02", "text": "Which questions does it share with a neighbouring field, and who claims them?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "method", "name": "Method and evidence", "description": "How claims are established and what counts as evidence.", "findings": [ { "id": "method-record", "name": "Methods and standards of evidence", "description": "The methods used and what they are taken to establish.", "questions": [ { "id": "method-record-q01", "text": "By what methods does waste management establish claims, and what counts as sufficient evidence?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "method-record-q02", "text": "What kind of claim can this field not settle, and where should an agent look instead?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "institutions-and-classification", "name": "Institutions and classification", "description": "Where waste management is practised and how catalogues place it.", "rationale": "The institutional footprint is the evidence that a field exists as a field rather than as a topic.", "layers": [ { "id": "institutions", "name": "Institutional markers", "description": "Societies, journals, degrees and departments.", "findings": [ { "id": "institution-record", "name": "Bodies and venues", "description": "Where the field organises itself.", "questions": [ { "id": "institution-record-q01", "text": "Which societies, journals or degrees mark waste management as an established field?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "institution-record-q02", "text": "What would show that it is emerging or dissolving rather than established?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification", "name": "Classification schemes", "description": "Where library and research classifications put it.", "findings": [ { "id": "classification-record", "name": "Codes and their disagreements", "description": "The classification codes that place it, and where they differ.", "questions": [ { "id": "classification-record-q01", "text": "Which classification schemes place waste management, under what codes?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "classification-record-q02", "text": "Where do those schemes disagree about its scope?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a waste management came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a waste management and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a waste management, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a waste management, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a waste management is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a waste management is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a waste management, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a waste management, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a waste management is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }