{ "model": { "rank": 3339, "code": "thing-q181754", "model_id": "vr.tr.heart-failure", "name": "heart failure", "purpose": "Let an agent explain heart failure and its types, relay causes, diagnosis and treatment from cardiology guidelines in general terms, route people with symptoms or a diagnosis to clinicians and emergency services, and distinguish heart failure from heart attack, cardiac arrest and other causes of breathlessness.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Information and virtual systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "INF", "domain": "INF.KNW", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q181754/", "tier": 2, "score": 87, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "right-sided heart failure", "chronic heart failure", "heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction", "chronic cardiac insufficiency", "Diastolic function", "acute decompensated heart failure", "ventricular dysfunction", "heart failure with reduced ejection fraction", "high output cardiac failure", "right ventricular dysfunction" ], "aliasCount": 10, "merged": 10, "knownIn": 87, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.heart-failure", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q181754", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181754", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-13T12:48:09Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 4, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q181754", "registryId": "vr.tr.heart-failure", "name": "heart failure", "version": "0.2.0-wave.4", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "INF.KNW" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q181754/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.heart-failure", "name": "heart failure", "purpose": "Let an agent explain heart failure and its types, relay causes, diagnosis and treatment from cardiology guidelines in general terms, route people with symptoms or a diagnosis to clinicians and emergency services, and distinguish heart failure from heart attack, cardiac arrest and other causes of breathlessness.", "definition": "A clinical syndrome in which the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body s needs, causing breathlessness, fatigue and fluid retention, classified by ejection fraction as reduced, mildly reduced or preserved, by side as left or right-sided, and by course as chronic or acute decompensated, with diastolic dysfunction a key mechanism in preserved-fraction disease; heart failure is common in older adults and is managed with medicines, devices and lifestyle measures, and worsening symptoms need urgent medical attention.", "what_it_is_for": "Not applicable; a disease.", "affordances": [ "route emergencies first", "explain types and mechanisms", "relay diagnosis and treatment", "distinguish related conditions" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Pump failure syndrome", "Ejection fraction classes", "Fluid retention", "Chronic with acute episodes" ], "appearance": "Not a visible object; a syndrome with breathlessness and swelling.", "visual_identification": [ "Heart unable to meet the body s needs", "Reduced, mildly reduced and preserved ejection fraction; left and right-sided; chronic and acute decompensated", "A heart attack is blocked blood supply; cardiac arrest is the heart stopping" ], "physical_properties": [ { "quantity": "prevalence, adults", "typical_range": "about 1-2", "unit": "percent", "note": "higher with age" }, { "quantity": "people affected worldwide", "typical_range": "about 64", "unit": "million", "note": "estimates" }, { "quantity": "ejection fraction cutoffs", "typical_range": "below 40, 41-49, 50 and above", "unit": "percent", "note": "HFrEF, HFmrEF, HFpEF" } ], "families_and_kinds": [ "heart failure with reduced ejection fraction", "heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction", "heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and diastolic dysfunction", "left-sided and right-sided heart failure", "chronic heart failure", "acute decompensated heart failure" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "cardiovascular disease", "why": "in registry terms" }, { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "clinical sign", "why": "in registry terms, as a syndrome" }, { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "cardiovascular system symptom", "why": "in registry terms" }, { "relation": "is contrasted with", "target": "myocardial infarction", "why": "a heart attack" } ], "identifiers": [ { "scheme": "ICD-10", "value_or_pattern": "I50", "note": "heart failure" }, { "scheme": "MeSH", "value_or_pattern": "D006333", "note": "Heart Failure" } ], "standards_and_regulation": [ "ESC and AHA/ACC heart failure guidelines", "Drug and device approvals", "Quality measures for heart failure care" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Delayed care in acute decompensation", "Agents giving personal medical advice instead of routing to clinicians", "Stale treatment information" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "emergency", "name": "Emergency", "description": "Worsening symptoms.", "rationale": "Clinical.", "layers": [ { "id": "act", "name": "Act", "description": "Act now.", "findings": [ { "id": "act-finding", "name": "Act", "description": "Act.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the user describe severe breathlessness, chest pain, fainting or rapid swelling that need emergency care immediately?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "text": "Has the agent directed the user to emergency services or their clinician before anything else?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "signs", "name": "Signs", "description": "Warning signs.", "findings": [ { "id": "signs-finding", "name": "Signs", "description": "Signs.", "questions": [ { "text": "What warning signs of decompensation do guidelines list?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which entry fits emergency medical services?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "understand", "name": "Understand", "description": "What heart failure is.", "rationale": "Clinical.", "layers": [ { "id": "definition", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition and types.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-finding", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is heart failure, and how do the ejection fraction, side and course classifications differ?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Is the question about the disease in general or a personal case needing a clinician?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "causes", "name": "Causes", "description": "Causes and mechanisms.", "findings": [ { "id": "causes-finding", "name": "Causes", "description": "Causes.", "questions": [ { "text": "What causes heart failure, and what is diastolic dysfunction?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the specific cause?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "care", "name": "Care", "description": "Diagnosis and treatment.", "rationale": "Clinical.", "layers": [ { "id": "diagnosis", "name": "Diagnosis", "description": "Diagnosis.", "findings": [ { "id": "diagnosis-finding", "name": "Diagnosis", "description": "Diagnosis.", "questions": [ { "text": "How is heart failure diagnosed with natriuretic peptides, echocardiography and other tests, in general terms?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which references are standard?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "treatment", "name": "Treatment", "description": "Treatment.", "findings": [ { "id": "treatment-finding", "name": "Treatment", "description": "Treatment.", "questions": [ { "text": "What treatments do guidelines recommend, from medicines to devices and rehabilitation?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which sources are cited?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "live", "name": "Live", "description": "Living with heart failure.", "rationale": "Application.", "layers": [ { "id": "selfcare", "name": "Self-care", "description": "Self-care.", "findings": [ { "id": "selfcare-finding", "name": "Self-care", "description": "Self-care.", "questions": [ { "text": "What self-care do guidelines advise, such as weight monitoring, salt and activity, in general terms?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits cardiac rehabilitation?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "epidemiology", "name": "Epidemiology", "description": "Epidemiology and research.", "findings": [ { "id": "epidemiology-finding", "name": "Epidemiology", "description": "Epidemiology.", "questions": [ { "text": "How common is heart failure, and what research directions exist?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits cardiology?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should HFrEF, HFpEF and acute decompensated heart failure be separate primary entries?", "How should guideline sources be linked?", "The registry entry has merged aliases naming types and a mechanism; should they be split off?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "discipline or field of knowledge", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a heart failure, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent explain heart failure and its types, relay causes, diagnosis and treatment from cardiology guidelines in general terms, route people with symptoms or a diagnosis to clinicians and emergency services, and distinguish heart failure from heart attack, cardiac arrest and other causes of breathlessness.", "characteristics": { "substance": "information", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "read and interpreted" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: right-sided heart failure, chronic heart failure, heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction, chronic cardiac insufficiency, Diastolic function, acute decompensated heart failure, ventricular dysfunction, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, high output cardiac failure, right ventricular dysfunction.", "10 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 87 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a heart failure, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "content that has to be carried by something else", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "read it and act on what it says" ], "howItIsRecognised": [], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "right-sided heart failure", "chronic heart failure", "heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction", "chronic cardiac insufficiency", "Diastolic function", "acute decompensated heart failure", "ventricular dysfunction", "heart failure with reduced ejection fraction", "high output cardiac failure", "right ventricular dysfunction" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 87 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 10 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one heart failure from another, and a heart failure from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a heart failure, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a heart failure, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a heart failure is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a heart failure, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a heart failure, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a heart failure is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a heart failure sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a heart failure, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a heart failure, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a heart failure is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a heart failure from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a heart failure, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a heart failure, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a heart failure is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a heart failure passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a heart failure between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a heart failure, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a heart failure, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a heart failure is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a heart failure, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a heart failure is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a heart failure, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a heart failure, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a heart failure is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "content-and-access", "name": "Content, encoding and access", "description": "What a heart failure says, how it is encoded and who may read it.", "rationale": "An informational thing carries content that can be copied, versioned and withheld, none of which its physical carrier explains.", "layers": [ { "id": "content-and-encoding", "name": "Content and encoding", "description": "The content itself, its format and its language.", "findings": [ { "id": "content-and-format", "name": "Content, format and language", "description": "What a heart failure contains and in what form it is held.", "questions": [ { "id": "content-and-format-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the content of a heart failure, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the content of a heart failure, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the content of a heart failure is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "access-and-rights", "name": "Access, rights and retention", "description": "Who may read, copy or change it, and for how long it is kept.", "findings": [ { "id": "access-rules", "name": "Access rules and retention", "description": "The permissions attached to a heart failure and the period it survives.", "questions": [ { "id": "access-rules-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes access to a heart failure, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about access to a heart failure, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once access to a heart failure is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "subject-and-method", "name": "Subject matter and method", "description": "What heart failure studies and how it establishes anything.", "rationale": "A field is identified by its questions and its methods, and those are what distinguish it from the fields next to it.", "layers": [ { "id": "subject", "name": "Subject matter", "description": "The questions it takes as its own.", "findings": [ { "id": "subject-record", "name": "Questions and objects of study", "description": "What it is about, stated so a neighbouring field can be told apart.", "questions": [ { "id": "subject-record-q01", "text": "What questions and objects does heart failure take as its own?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "subject-record-q02", "text": "Which questions does it share with a neighbouring field, and who claims them?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "method", "name": "Method and evidence", "description": "How claims are established and what counts as evidence.", "findings": [ { "id": "method-record", "name": "Methods and standards of evidence", "description": "The methods used and what they are taken to establish.", "questions": [ { "id": "method-record-q01", "text": "By what methods does heart failure establish claims, and what counts as sufficient evidence?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "method-record-q02", "text": "What kind of claim can this field not settle, and where should an agent look instead?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "institutions-and-classification", "name": "Institutions and classification", "description": "Where heart failure is practised and how catalogues place it.", "rationale": "The institutional footprint is the evidence that a field exists as a field rather than as a topic.", "layers": [ { "id": "institutions", "name": "Institutional markers", "description": "Societies, journals, degrees and departments.", "findings": [ { "id": "institution-record", "name": "Bodies and venues", "description": "Where the field organises itself.", "questions": [ { "id": "institution-record-q01", "text": "Which societies, journals or degrees mark heart failure as an established field?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "institution-record-q02", "text": "What would show that it is emerging or dissolving rather than established?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification", "name": "Classification schemes", "description": "Where library and research classifications put it.", "findings": [ { "id": "classification-record", "name": "Codes and their disagreements", "description": "The classification codes that place it, and where they differ.", "questions": [ { "id": "classification-record-q01", "text": "Which classification schemes place heart failure, under what codes?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "classification-record-q02", "text": "Where do those schemes disagree about its scope?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a heart failure came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a heart failure and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a heart failure, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a heart failure, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a heart failure is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a heart failure is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a heart failure, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a heart failure, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a heart failure is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }