{ "model": { "rank": 4857, "code": "thing-q181767", "model_id": "vr.tr.stress-q181767", "name": "stress", "purpose": "Let an agent explain linguistic stress by type, language, notation and learning, and separate psychological and mechanical stress senses, routing distress to support.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Cross-cutting context", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "XCT", "domain": "XCT.STA", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q181767/", "tier": 2, "score": 72, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "primary stress", "stress in Russian language", "circumflex", "pitch accent", "secondary stress", "phrase stress", "paroxytone", "word stress", "oxytone", "metrical accent", "varia", "accent in Church Slavonic", "Proto-Slavic accent", "accent in the Polish language", "accent in the Ukrainian language", "proparoxytone", "Circumflex in French", "Proto-Indo-European accent", "ancient Greek accent", "Vedic accent", "Japanese pitch accent", "one-pattern accent", "two-pattern accent", "Keihan-type accent", "Tarui-type accent", "Tokyo-type accent", "no accent", "Sanuki-type accent", "heiban", "kifuku-shiki" ], "aliasCount": 30, "merged": 30, "knownIn": 72, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.stress-state", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q181767", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181767", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T12:34:42Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 1, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q181767", "registryId": "vr.tr.stress-q181767", "name": "stress", "version": "0.2.0-wave.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "XCT.STA" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q181767/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.stress-q181767", "name": "stress", "purpose": "Let an agent explain linguistic stress by type, language, notation and learning, and separate psychological and mechanical stress senses, routing distress to support.", "definition": "In linguistics, the relative emphasis given to a syllable in a word or to a word in a phrase, realised through loudness, length, pitch or vowel quality; languages differ in having fixed, free or no lexical stress, and some use pitch accent instead.", "what_it_is_for": "Pronunciation, phonology and language learning.", "affordances": [ "identify stressed syllables", "explain stress patterns in a language", "read stress marks in dictionaries", "separate psychological and mechanical stress" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Prominence on a syllable", "Fixed or free by language", "Can change meaning", "Primary and secondary levels" ], "appearance": "Not visible in most writing; marked in dictionaries with symbols or accents.", "visual_identification": [ "IPA stress marks before syllables", "Accent marks in some orthographies", "Pitch accent languages use pitch contrasts" ], "physical_properties": [], "families_and_kinds": [ "lexical stress", "primary and secondary stress", "phrase and sentence stress", "fixed and free stress systems", "pitch accent (related)" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "prosodic feature", "why": "category" }, { "relation": "is studied in", "target": "phonology", "why": "field" }, { "relation": "is marked in", "target": "International Phonetic Alphabet", "why": "notation" }, { "relation": "is confused with", "target": "psychological stress", "why": "another sense" } ], "identifiers": [], "standards_and_regulation": [ "IPA conventions for stress marking", "Orthographic rules for written accents" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Misplaced stress changing meaning", "Assuming English stress rules apply elsewhere" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "pattern", "name": "Pattern", "description": "Where stress falls.", "rationale": "Patterns vary by language.", "layers": [ { "id": "word", "name": "Word", "description": "Word stress.", "findings": [ { "id": "word-finding", "name": "Word", "description": "Word stress.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which syllable is stressed in this word?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Does stress change its meaning or word class?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "system", "name": "System", "description": "Language system.", "findings": [ { "id": "system-finding", "name": "System", "description": "Stress system.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does this language have fixed, free or no lexical stress?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which grammar describes it?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "notation", "name": "Notation", "description": "Marking.", "rationale": "Notation shows stress.", "layers": [ { "id": "ipa", "name": "IPA", "description": "Stress marks.", "findings": [ { "id": "ipa-finding", "name": "IPA", "description": "IPA marks.", "questions": [ { "text": "How is stress marked in IPA transcription?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "How is secondary stress shown?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "orthography", "name": "Orthography", "description": "Written accents.", "findings": [ { "id": "orthography-finding", "name": "Orthography", "description": "Written accents.", "questions": [ { "text": "When does the spelling mark stress with an accent in this language?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which rule applies?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "learning", "name": "Learning", "description": "Pronunciation.", "rationale": "Learners need practice.", "layers": [ { "id": "practice", "name": "Practice", "description": "Exercises.", "findings": [ { "id": "practice-finding", "name": "Practice", "description": "Practice.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which exercises help learners place stress correctly?", "kind": "action" }, { "text": "Which dictionaries give audio?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "rhythm", "name": "Rhythm", "description": "Sentence stress.", "findings": [ { "id": "rhythm-finding", "name": "Rhythm", "description": "Sentence rhythm.", "questions": [ { "text": "How does sentence stress affect rhythm and emphasis?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "How can emphasis change meaning?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "senses", "name": "Senses", "description": "Disambiguation.", "rationale": "Stress has other senses.", "layers": [ { "id": "psychological", "name": "Psychological", "description": "Mental stress.", "findings": [ { "id": "psychological-finding", "name": "Psychological", "description": "Psychological sense.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is psychological stress meant, and is the person in distress or crisis?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "text": "Should the agent point to support services or a crisis line?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "mechanical", "name": "Mechanical", "description": "Materials.", "findings": [ { "id": "mechanical-finding", "name": "Mechanical", "description": "Mechanical sense.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is mechanical stress in materials meant?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "text": "Which entry fits?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should stress types be separate entries?", "How should language-specific rules be linked?", "How should other senses be split off?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a stress, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent explain linguistic stress by type, language, notation and learning, and separate psychological and mechanical stress senses, routing distress to support.", "characteristics": { "substance": "abstract", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: primary stress, stress in Russian language, circumflex, pitch accent, secondary stress, phrase stress, paroxytone, word stress, oxytone, metrical accent, varia, accent in Church Slavonic.", "30 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 72 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a stress, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "an abstraction with no physical instance", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "primary stress", "stress in Russian language", "circumflex", "pitch accent", "secondary stress", "phrase stress", "paroxytone", "word stress", "oxytone", "metrical accent", "varia", "accent in Church Slavonic" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 72 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 30 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one stress from another, and a stress from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a stress, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a stress, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a stress is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a stress, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a stress, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a stress is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a stress sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a stress, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a stress, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a stress is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a stress from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a stress, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a stress, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a stress is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a stress passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a stress between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a stress, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a stress, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a stress is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a stress, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a stress is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a stress, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a stress, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a stress is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What stress is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of stress are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is stress operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of stress and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of stress?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as stress?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a stress came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a stress and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a stress, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a stress, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a stress is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a stress is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a stress, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a stress, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a stress is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 10, "findings": 12, "questions": 32 } } } }