attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Let an agent explain ADHD and its presentations in general terms from clinical guidelines, describe assessment and management approaches, present debates about diagnosis rates and treatment neutrally, and route personal questions to clinicians.
Research draft, second pass
A second pass drafted this model: the structure a model of this thing needs, and what is known about it in the world. The line under this one says how the second half was obtained - researched against sources, or recalled without web access, in which case nothing here was read anywhere and every claim is a lead to verify. Unreviewed either way.
written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify
Researched by: Claude
Purpose and description
Let an agent explain ADHD and its presentations in general terms from clinical guidelines, describe assessment and management approaches, present debates about diagnosis rates and treatment neutrally, and route personal questions to clinicians.
A neurodevelopmental condition characterised by persistent patterns of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity that interfere with functioning, presenting in predominantly inattentive, predominantly hyperactive-impulsive or combined forms, beginning in childhood and often continuing into adulthood as adult ADHD, with related historical concepts such as deficits in attention, motor control and perception; ADHD is diagnosed by clinical assessment against DSM-5 or ICD-11 criteria and managed with behavioural support, education adjustments and medication.
What it is for: Not applicable; a neurodevelopmental condition.
It can be explain presentations and criteria; relay assessment and management approaches; present debates neutrally; route personal questions.
Distinguishing features
Neurodevelopmental origin
Three presentations
Persistence into adulthood
Multimodal management
What it looks like
Not a visible object; a pattern of behaviour and attention assessed clinically.
Physical character
prevalence in children: about 5-7 percent - meta-analyses
prevalence in adults: about 2.5-3 percent - estimates
How it is recognised
Persistent inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity
Inattentive, hyperactive-impulsive and combined presentations, adult ADHD
Ordinary restlessness is not ADHD; learning disorders and anxiety can co-occur or mimic it
Related models
is a kind of - in registry terms
is a kind of - in registry terms, the ICD-10 term
is a kind of - in registry terms
is treated with - among other approaches
In practice
Families and kinds
predominantly inattentive presentation
predominantly hyperactive-impulsive presentation
combined presentation
adult ADHD
ADHD with co-occurring conditions
historical concepts such as hyperkinetic disorder and DAMP
Identifiers
ICD-11 6A05
DSM-5 314.01 and related
Standards and regulation
NICE, AAP and other clinical guidelines
DSM-5 and ICD-11 criteria
Controlled substance rules for stimulant medications
Education laws on accommodations
Failure modes and hazards
Misdiagnosis and underdiagnosis
Agents giving personal diagnostic or medication advice
Stigma and stereotypes
Partisan framing of diagnosis rate debates
Also called
Where this came from
wikidata · CC0 1.0
Drafted structure
Bundle to layer to finding to question, as the second pass will find it: 4 bundles · 8 layers · 8 findings · 16 questions.
Understand What ADHD is.
Clinical.
Definition
Definition and presentations.
Definition
Definition.
- What is ADHD, and how do the presentations differ? definition
- Is the question about ADHD or about ordinary attention difficulties or another condition? boundary
Causes
Causes.
Causes
Causes.
- What does research say about genetic and environmental contributions, with findings attributed? provenance
- Which entry fits the specific presentation? action
Care Assessment and management.
Clinical.
Assessment
Assessment.
Assessment
Assessment.
- How is ADHD assessed in children and adults, per guidelines, in general terms? provenance
- Is the user asking whether they or their child have ADHD, which needs a clinician? boundary
Management
Management.
Management
Management.
- What behavioural, educational and medication approaches do guidelines recommend, in general terms? provenance
- Which references are standard? provenance
Live Living with ADHD.
Practice.
School and work
School and work.
School and work
School and work.
- What accommodations and strategies help at school and work, as guidance describes? provenance
- Which entry fits educational accommodation? action
Adults
Adult ADHD.
Adults
Adults.
- How does ADHD present and get managed in adults? provenance
- Which sources are cited? provenance
Context Debates and history.
Attribution.
Debates
Debates.
Debates
Debates.
- What debates exist about diagnosis rates, medication and neurodiversity, with positions attributed? provenance
- Is the presentation neutral? boundary
History
History.
History
History.
- How has the concept developed from early descriptions through hyperkinetic disorder and DAMP to ADHD? provenance
- Which entry fits the history of psychiatry? action
What the second pass must settle
- Should adult ADHD be a separate primary entry?
- How should guidelines be linked?
- The registry entry has merged aliases naming presentations and a historical concept; should they be split off?