{ "model": { "rank": 5156, "code": "thing-q181947", "model_id": "vr.tr.crossbow", "name": "crossbow", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a crossbow, record its configuration and condition, and judge which handling, storage, maintenance or use actions are appropriate.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.OBJ", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q181947/", "tier": 2, "score": 69, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "fire crossbow", "besta de torno", "gastraphetes", "Sauterelle of Imphy", "field crossbow", "Big Joe 5 crossbow", "repeating crossbow", "arbalest", "ōyumi", "Skåne lockbow", "Slurbow", "stone bow", "panjagan", "Leonardo's crossbow" ], "aliasCount": 14, "merged": 14, "knownIn": 69, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q181947", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181947", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T21:47:25Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 17.6, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08822-e20b-7a53-ae3a-e8504b31b5b0\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: crossbow\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.OBJ\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 1001 things:\n# Batch 005: 1001 regist", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 63.2, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08822-e1fe-7b33-b1a3-8341bba9e7d2\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: crossbow\nRegistry id: vr.tr.crossbow\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.OBJ\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\n\nContex" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q181947", "registryId": "vr.tr.crossbow", "name": "crossbow", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.OBJ" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q181947/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.crossbow", "name": "crossbow", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a crossbow, record its configuration and condition, and judge which handling, storage, maintenance or use actions are appropriate.", "definition": "A crossbow is a projectile weapon with a bow mounted transversely on a stock, whose drawn string is retained by a catch and released by a trigger mechanism to propel a bolt or other designed projectile.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the crossbow as a kind of physical projectile-launching device whose bow assembly is mounted across a stock or frame and whose drawn string is retained mechanically until released; product specifications and individual-unit observations are evidence attached to that kind.", "in_scope": [ "Defining bow, stock, string-retention and release architecture", "Recurve, compound and other documented crossbow configurations", "Compatibility with projectiles, cocking aids and fitted accessories", "Stored-energy, projectile-presence and safety-device states", "Condition, inspection, maintenance and retirement criteria", "Constraints on handling, storage, transport and intended use" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Hand-held bows whose drawn string is held directly by the archer", "Firearms and pneumatic launchers", "Independent models of bolts, arrows, targets and protective equipment", "Hunting practices, sporting disciplines and military tactics", "Detailed fabrication, performance-enhancement or weapon-modification procedures", "Product catalogues, ownership registers and individual-unit histories as separate models" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "A bow assembly is mounted transversely to a stock or supporting frame.", "A mechanical retention mechanism can hold the string drawn without continuous draw effort by the operator.", "A release mechanism lets the retained string drive a compatible projectile.", "Launch energy comes principally from elastic deformation of the bow assembly, distinguishing it from firearm and pneumatic mechanisms.", "A crossbow-shaped replica without a functional bow and retention system is distinguished from a functional crossbow." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Bow architecture", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "recurve | compound | other documented architecture | unknown", "why_it_matters": "Determines which components, compatibility rules and inspection requirements apply." }, { "name": "Intended application", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "target sport | hunting | historical or museum context | other documented application | unknown", "why_it_matters": "Identifies the relevant operating context without implying that use is permitted." }, { "name": "Draw-force specification", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "N, or manufacturer-stated lbf with measurement conditions", "why_it_matters": "Describes a configuration-dependent mechanical property; it does not alone establish projectile energy or safe condition." }, { "name": "Power stroke", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "mm, with the manufacturer's measurement definition", "why_it_matters": "Records string travel relevant to the device's specified configuration." }, { "name": "Mass and overall dimensions", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "kg and mm; identify accessories and cocked or uncocked configuration", "why_it_matters": "Supports identification, storage planning and handling assessment." }, { "name": "Approved projectile specification", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "manufacturer-approved projectile specification, including mass in g or grains, length in mm, and nock type", "why_it_matters": "Compatibility cannot be inferred from appearance or nominal length alone." }, { "name": "Mechanical energy state", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "uncocked | cocked | partially cocked or abnormal | unknown", "why_it_matters": "Stored energy changes which handling and service actions are appropriate." }, { "name": "Projectile presence", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "absent | present | uncertain", "why_it_matters": "Projectile presence must be recorded independently of string and safety states." }, { "name": "Safety and interlock configuration", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "documented safety selector, anti-dry-fire device and other interlocks; absent or unknown where applicable", "why_it_matters": "An agent must establish which protections actually exist on the configuration." }, { "name": "Safety-device state", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "record each device's indicated state and verification status separately", "why_it_matters": "A selector position does not establish that the device functions or that the crossbow is safe." }, { "name": "Serviceability", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "unassessed | inspected with no recorded defect | restricted pending assessment | withdrawn from use", "why_it_matters": "Connects observed condition and inspection evidence to permitted actions." }, { "name": "Applicable requirements", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "identified manufacturer instructions, jurisdictional rules and applicable standards, each with scope and date", "why_it_matters": "Requirements depend on configuration, location and intended activity." } ], "affordances": [ "Classify the crossbow's architecture and distinguish functional devices from replicas.", "Compare a documented configuration with approved projectiles and accessories.", "Record energy, projectile and safety-device states while preserving uncertainty.", "Flag defects or missing evidence that require withdrawal from use and qualified assessment.", "Retrieve configuration-specific inspection, maintenance and storage instructions.", "Determine whether a proposed activity has sufficient technical and jurisdictional evidence to proceed." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-architecture", "name": "Identity and architecture", "description": "Establishes what makes the thing a crossbow and which mechanical configuration is represented.", "rationale": "Crossbow identity depends on the mounted bow and retained-string mechanism, while variants require different supporting evidence.", "layers": [ { "id": "crossbow-boundary", "name": "Crossbow boundary", "description": "Separates crossbows from adjacent launcher kinds and nonfunctional representations.", "findings": [ { "id": "mounted-bow-and-retained-string", "name": "Mounted bow and retained string", "description": "Record whether a transverse bow assembly, supporting stock or frame, string-retention mechanism and controlled release are present.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which observed features establish a mounted bow with mechanically retained draw?", "kind": "definition", "id": "mounted-bow-and-retained-string-q01" }, { "text": "Is this a functional crossbow, an incomplete crossbow, a replica or another launcher kind?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "mounted-bow-and-retained-string-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "architecture-and-configuration", "name": "Architecture and configuration", "description": "Records variant features and the authority for identifying them.", "findings": [ { "id": "documented-mechanical-variant", "name": "Documented mechanical variant", "description": "Identify bow architecture, stock arrangement and fitted mechanisms without treating a product model as a separate kind.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which bow architecture and cocking-system configuration does this crossbow have?", "kind": "definition", "id": "documented-mechanical-variant-q01" }, { "text": "Which markings, manual or collection record supports the identification and configuration?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "documented-mechanical-variant-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "energy-and-projectile-compatibility", "name": "Energy and projectile compatibility", "description": "Connects the elastic launch mechanism to documented mechanical specifications and projectile constraints.", "rationale": "A crossbow's safe compatibility cannot be established from draw force, appearance or projectile naming alone.", "layers": [ { "id": "mechanical-specifications", "name": "Mechanical specifications", "description": "Captures configuration-specific measurements with their definitions and evidence.", "findings": [ { "id": "draw-and-travel-evidence", "name": "Draw and travel evidence", "description": "Record stated draw force and power stroke with units, configuration and source rather than inferring performance.", "questions": [ { "text": "What draw force and power stroke are documented, with which units and measurement definitions?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "draw-and-travel-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Do those specifications apply to the fitted bow assembly and current configuration?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "draw-and-travel-evidence-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "projectile-interface", "name": "Projectile interface", "description": "Defines the supported relationship between crossbow, string and projectile.", "findings": [ { "id": "approved-projectile-envelope", "name": "Approved projectile envelope", "description": "Record the approved projectile specification, including mass, length and nock interface, without supplying universal thresholds.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which authoritative instructions specify compatible projectile mass, length and nock design?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "approved-projectile-envelope-q01" }, { "text": "Does the proposed projectile satisfy every documented compatibility requirement?", "kind": "action", "id": "approved-projectile-envelope-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "operating-state-and-protections", "name": "Operating state and protections", "description": "Represents retained energy, projectile presence and protective mechanisms as distinct observations.", "rationale": "A crossbow can retain energy independently of projectile presence, and protective devices vary by configuration.", "layers": [ { "id": "retained-energy-state", "name": "Retained energy state", "description": "Records whether energy is stored and whether a projectile is present.", "findings": [ { "id": "independent-state-observations", "name": "Independent state observations", "description": "Keep cocking state and projectile presence separate, including unknown and abnormal conditions.", "questions": [ { "text": "What evidence establishes the current string-retention state and projectile presence?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "independent-state-observations-q01" }, { "text": "Which handling restrictions follow from an unknown, cocked or abnormal state in the applicable instructions?", "kind": "action", "id": "independent-state-observations-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "safeties-and-interlocks", "name": "Safeties and interlocks", "description": "Records fitted protections and their documented limitations.", "findings": [ { "id": "protection-presence-and-status", "name": "Protection presence and status", "description": "Identify safety selectors and anti-dry-fire or other interlocks without assuming their presence or effectiveness.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which protective mechanisms are documented for this exact configuration?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "protection-presence-and-status-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence supports each mechanism's indicated state and serviceability?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "protection-presence-and-status-q02" }, { "text": "Which actions must be deferred when a protection is damaged, bypassed or unverified?", "kind": "action", "id": "protection-presence-and-status-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-maintenance", "name": "Condition and maintenance", "description": "Connects component condition and adverse-event history to inspection and servicing decisions.", "rationale": "The bow assembly, string and retention mechanism require configuration-specific condition assessment.", "layers": [ { "id": "critical-component-condition", "name": "Critical component condition", "description": "Records observations affecting the integrity of the energy-storage and release system.", "findings": [ { "id": "damage-and-abnormal-event-record", "name": "Damage and abnormal-event record", "description": "Record reported limb damage, string or cable deterioration, retention faults and events such as drops or discharge without a projectile as assessment inputs.", "questions": [ { "text": "What damage or deterioration is recorded for the limbs, string, cables where fitted, and retention mechanism?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "damage-and-abnormal-event-record-q01" }, { "text": "Is there a documented history of abnormal discharge, impact or unauthorised modification requiring further assessment?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "damage-and-abnormal-event-record-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "service-and-retirement", "name": "Service and retirement", "description": "Links maintenance decisions to applicable instructions and qualified assessment.", "findings": [ { "id": "authorised-maintenance-basis", "name": "Authorised maintenance basis", "description": "Record inspection intervals, approved consumables and replacement criteria only where supported for the configuration.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which instructions define inspection intervals, string or cable replacement and approved maintenance materials?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "authorised-maintenance-basis-q01" }, { "text": "Does the recorded condition require routine care, qualified servicing or withdrawal from use?", "kind": "action", "id": "authorised-maintenance-basis-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "use-storage-and-requirements", "name": "Use, storage and requirements", "description": "Relates the crossbow's state and intended activity to documented environmental and external constraints.", "rationale": "Technical suitability, safe storage and legal permission are separate determinations with different evidence.", "layers": [ { "id": "handling-and-storage-context", "name": "Handling and storage context", "description": "Records conditions required for controlled access, transport and storage.", "findings": [ { "id": "state-dependent-custody", "name": "State-dependent custody", "description": "Determine appropriate custody arrangements from the crossbow's verified state and configuration-specific instructions.", "questions": [ { "text": "What storage and transport conditions do the applicable instructions require for this crossbow?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "state-dependent-custody-q01" }, { "text": "Can the proposed custody arrangement meet those conditions and prevent unauthorised access?", "kind": "action", "id": "state-dependent-custody-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "activity-and-rule-applicability", "name": "Activity and rule applicability", "description": "Identifies external requirements without assuming universal crossbow rules or certification.", "findings": [ { "id": "dated-requirements-evidence", "name": "Dated requirements evidence", "description": "Attach jurisdictional rules, sporting requirements and any applicable product standards with issuing body, version and scope.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which current rules apply to possession, transport and the intended activity in the relevant location?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "dated-requirements-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Which issuing-body records support any claimed standard compliance or certification mark?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "dated-requirements-evidence-q02" }, { "text": "What unresolved requirement prevents a decision about the proposed activity?", "kind": "action", "id": "dated-requirements-evidence-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "This describes the device class, not a particular product model or individual weapon.", "Measurement ranges are approximate recall for modern full-size sporting equipment; historical, pistol and competition designs may fall outside them, and draw force alone does not determine projectile energy.", "Current jurisdictional rules and applicable competition or product standards require verification; none are asserted here." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of crossbow this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Recurve crossbow", "Compound crossbow", "Repeating crossbow", "Pistol crossbow", "Match crossbow", "Field crossbow" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of crossbow this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Target shooting and competitive sport", "Hunting where permitted", "Historical warfare", "Historical reconstruction and experimental archaeology" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of crossbow this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Draw force of many modern full-size sporting crossbows", "typical_range": "Approximately 450-1,800", "unit": "N" }, { "quantity": "Projectile launch speed of many modern full-size sporting crossbows", "typical_range": "Approximately 60-140", "unit": "m/s" }, { "quantity": "Mass of many modern full-size sporting crossbows", "typical_range": "Approximately 2.5-5", "unit": "kg" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of crossbow this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "An unintended discharge or misdirected projectile can cause fatal penetrating injury.", "Dry firing can damage limbs, strings and other components because the projectile is absent to absorb energy.", "Damaged strings, cables or limbs can fail under tension and release stored energy unpredictably.", "Damaged or incompatible projectiles can break or depart unpredictably during discharge.", "Fingers or other objects in the string path can be struck during release; a safety catch does not eliminate handling hazards." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of crossbow this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Rules governing possession, sale, transport, age restrictions and hunting differ by jurisdiction.", "Historical European traditions prominently include single-shot military crossbows, while Chinese traditions include both single-shot and repeating designs." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of crossbow this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Bow", "difference": "A conventional hand bow is held at draw by the archer; a crossbow mounts the bow on a stock and mechanically retains the drawn string." }, { "name": "Ballista", "difference": "A classical ballista generally stores energy in torsion bundles acting on separate arms, whereas a crossbow stores energy primarily through elastic deformation of its bow limbs." }, { "name": "Speargun", "difference": "A speargun is designed for underwater use and typically propels a spear using stretched bands or compressed gas rather than a transverse bow." }, { "name": "Crossbow bolt", "difference": "A bolt is the projectile launched by a crossbow, rather than the launching device." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of crossbow this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does an existing Vercy world model already cover crossbows, requiring this registry entry to link to it?", "How should this entry delimit historical repeating crossbows, specialised projectile variants and permanently deactivated examples?", "Which primary manufacturer and museum sources establish representative dimensions, draw-force ranges and variant terminology?", "Which crossbow-specific standards and certification schemes exist, and what products, jurisdictions and activities do they actually cover?", "Which authoritative sources establish configuration-specific defect criteria, inspection intervals and restrictions following abnormal events?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 17, "questions": 29 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "device, machine or tool", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a crossbow, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a crossbow, record its configuration and condition, and judge which handling, storage, maintenance or use actions are appropriate.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "manufactured", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: fire crossbow, besta de torno, gastraphetes, Sauterelle of Imphy, field crossbow, Big Joe 5 crossbow, repeating crossbow, arbalest, ōyumi, Skåne lockbow, Slurbow, stone bow.", "14 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 69 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a crossbow, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by form, by the arrangement of its controls, and by markings - a plate, a model number, a certification mark. Form alone rarely separates two models that do very different things." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "fire crossbow", "besta de torno", "gastraphetes", "Sauterelle of Imphy", "field crossbow", "Big Joe 5 crossbow", "repeating crossbow", "arbalest", "ōyumi", "Skåne lockbow", "Slurbow", "stone bow" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 69 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 14 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one crossbow from another, and a crossbow from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a crossbow, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a crossbow, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a crossbow is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a crossbow, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a crossbow, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a crossbow is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a crossbow sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a crossbow, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a crossbow, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a crossbow is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a crossbow from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a crossbow, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a crossbow, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a crossbow is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a crossbow is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a crossbow, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a crossbow, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a crossbow is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a crossbow is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a crossbow, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a crossbow, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a crossbow is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a crossbow is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a crossbow, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a crossbow, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a crossbow is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a crossbow is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a crossbow is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a crossbow, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a crossbow, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a crossbow is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a crossbow is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a crossbow, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a crossbow, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a crossbow is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a crossbow passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a crossbow between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a crossbow, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a crossbow, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a crossbow is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a crossbow, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a crossbow is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a crossbow, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a crossbow, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a crossbow is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "function-and-principle", "name": "Function and operating principle", "description": "What crossbow is for and how it achieves it.", "rationale": "Two devices with the same name can work on different principles, and the principle is what predicts failure and constrains use.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-function", "name": "Intended function", "description": "The job it does, and the jobs it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-record", "name": "Function, principle and variants", "description": "What it does, how, and which variants do it differently.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-record-q01", "text": "What function does crossbow perform, on what operating principle, and which variants differ in that principle?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "function-record-q02", "text": "What use falls outside the intended function but happens in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "capacity-and-rating", "name": "Capacity and rating", "description": "The numbers that say what it can do and where it stops.", "findings": [ { "id": "ratings", "name": "Ratings and their conditions", "description": "Rated capacity, power, throughput and the conditions each assumes.", "questions": [ { "id": "ratings-q01", "text": "What ratings characterise crossbow, in what units, and under what stated conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "ratings-q02", "text": "What happens beyond the rating - degradation, refusal, damage - and how is that detected?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "operation-and-state", "name": "Operation, controls and state", "description": "How crossbow is operated and what state it is in right now.", "rationale": "An agent acting on a device needs its current state and the controls that change it, not just its specification.", "layers": [ { "id": "controls-and-modes", "name": "Controls and modes", "description": "What can be set, what that changes, and what is interlocked.", "findings": [ { "id": "control-surface", "name": "Control surface and interlocks", "description": "The settings available and the conditions that block them.", "questions": [ { "id": "control-surface-q01", "text": "What controls and modes does crossbow have, and what does each change?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "control-surface-q02", "text": "Which actions are interlocked or forbidden in which state, and what must be true before acting?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-maintenance", "name": "Condition and maintenance", "description": "Wear, service intervals, consumables and the line between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "service-record", "name": "Condition, service and consumables", "description": "What is consumed, what is serviced, and how condition is judged.", "questions": [ { "id": "service-record-q01", "text": "What consumables and service does crossbow need, at what interval, and on whose authority?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "service-record-q02", "text": "What evidence separates a unit that is working from one that is out of service?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "kind-model-unit", "name": "Kind, model and unit", "description": "Whether a claim about crossbow is about the kind, a product line, or one physical unit.", "rationale": "This is the boundary most often got wrong for made things, and getting it wrong mixes a catalogue entry with the machine in the yard.", "layers": [ { "id": "level-of-reference", "name": "Level of reference", "description": "The three levels and what belongs at each.", "findings": [ { "id": "level-rules", "name": "What belongs to kind, model and unit", "description": "Which properties are shared by all of them and which are not.", "questions": [ { "id": "level-rules-q01", "text": "Which facts about crossbow hold for every one of them, which for a model, and which only for one unit?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "level-rules-q02", "text": "What identifies an individual unit, and what should an agent do when it has only the kind?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "standards-and-conformity", "name": "Standards and conformity", "description": "The standards a working example must meet and who attests it.", "findings": [ { "id": "conformity", "name": "Standards, marks and attestation", "description": "Which standard applies, who certifies, and what the mark means.", "questions": [ { "id": "conformity-q01", "text": "Which standards govern crossbow, issued by whom, and what does conformity actually assert?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "conformity-q02", "text": "What may an agent conclude from a certification mark, and what may it not?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a crossbow came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a crossbow and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a crossbow, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a crossbow, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a crossbow is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a crossbow is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a crossbow, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a crossbow, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a crossbow is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }