{ "model": { "rank": 16887, "code": "thing-q18198089", "model_id": "vr.tr.2015-giro-d-italia", "name": "2015 Giro d'Italia", "purpose": "Let an agent explain the 2015 Giro d Italia and its outcome, relay route, stages and classification results from cycling sources, describe notable moments, and distinguish this edition from other years and from the Tour de France and Vuelta a Espana.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Activities and processes", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "ACT", "domain": "ACT.EVT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q18198089/", "tier": 2, "score": 31, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [], "aliasCount": 0, "merged": 0, "knownIn": 31, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q18198089", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18198089", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-13T12:48:10Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 4, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q18198089", "registryId": "vr.tr.2015-giro-d-italia", "name": "2015 Giro d'Italia", "version": "0.2.0-wave.4", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "ACT.EVT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q18198089/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.2015-giro-d-italia", "name": "2015 Giro d'Italia", "purpose": "Let an agent explain the 2015 Giro d Italia and its outcome, relay route, stages and classification results from cycling sources, describe notable moments, and distinguish this edition from other years and from the Tour de France and Vuelta a Espana.", "definition": "The 98th edition of the Giro d Italia, the annual three-week Grand Tour stage race in Italy, held from 9 to 31 May 2015, starting in San Lorenzo al Mare, Liguria and finishing in Milan over about 3482 kilometres, won by Alberto Contador of Tinkoff-Saxo ahead of Fabio Aru and Mikel Landa, with the points classification won by Giacomo Nizzolo, the mountains classification by Giovanni Visconti and the young rider classification by Fabio Aru; Contador rode much of the race with a dislocated shoulder after a crash and held off the Astana pair of Aru and Landa, completing the first half of an attempted Giro and Tour double.", "what_it_is_for": "Not applicable; a sporting event.", "affordances": [ "explain the edition", "relay results", "describe route and moments", "distinguish from other editions" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Grand Tour", "Three weeks in May", "Pink jersey", "Won by Alberto Contador" ], "appearance": "Not a visible object; a stage race across Italy.", "visual_identification": [ "2015 Giro d Italia", "Won by Alberto Contador; Fabio Aru ahead of Mikel Landa", "The 2014 Giro was the previous edition; the Tour de France is a separate Grand Tour" ], "physical_properties": [ { "quantity": "edition", "typical_range": "98th", "unit": "number", "note": "" }, { "quantity": "dates", "typical_range": "9 to 31 May 2015", "unit": "period", "note": "" }, { "quantity": "distance", "typical_range": "3482", "unit": "km", "note": "approximately" }, { "quantity": "start", "typical_range": "San Lorenzo al Mare, Liguria", "unit": "place", "note": "" }, { "quantity": "finish", "typical_range": "Milan", "unit": "place", "note": "" } ], "families_and_kinds": [ "general classification", "points classification", "mountains classification", "young rider classification", "team classification", "individual stages" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "2.UWT", "why": "in registry terms, a UCI WorldTour stage race" }, { "relation": "is an edition of", "target": "Giro d Italia", "why": "the Italian Grand Tour" }, { "relation": "was won by", "target": "Alberto Contador", "why": "of Tinkoff-Saxo" }, { "relation": "follows", "target": "2014 Giro d Italia", "why": "the previous edition" } ], "identifiers": [], "standards_and_regulation": [ "UCI regulations for Grand Tours", "Race organiser rules of RCS Sport", "Anti-doping rules" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Confusing editions", "Stale results after any later sanctions", "Confusing with the Tour de France" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "understand", "name": "Understand", "description": "What this edition was.", "rationale": "Definition.", "layers": [ { "id": "definition", "name": "Definition", "description": "Overview.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-finding", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition.", "questions": [ { "text": "What happened in the 2015 Giro d Italia, and who won each classification?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Is the question about this edition, another year or another Grand Tour?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "route", "name": "Route", "description": "Route.", "findings": [ { "id": "route-finding", "name": "Route", "description": "Route.", "questions": [ { "text": "What was the route from San Lorenzo al Mare, Liguria to Milan, and which stages were decisive?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the specific stage?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "results", "name": "Results", "description": "Results.", "rationale": "Sources.", "layers": [ { "id": "classifications", "name": "Classifications", "description": "Classifications.", "findings": [ { "id": "classifications-finding", "name": "Classifications", "description": "Classifications.", "questions": [ { "text": "What were the final standings in the general, points, mountains and young rider classifications?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which references are standard?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "stages", "name": "Stages", "description": "Stage winners.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-finding", "name": "Stages", "description": "Stages.", "questions": [ { "text": "Who won the individual stages, and how did the lead change?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which sources are cited?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "story", "name": "Story", "description": "The race story.", "rationale": "Attribution.", "layers": [ { "id": "moments", "name": "Moments", "description": "Key moments.", "findings": [ { "id": "moments-finding", "name": "Moments", "description": "Moments.", "questions": [ { "text": "What were the key moments and controversies, as reported by cycling media?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the presentation attributed?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "riders", "name": "Riders", "description": "Riders and teams.", "findings": [ { "id": "riders-finding", "name": "Riders", "description": "Riders.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which riders and teams shaped the race?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the specific rider?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "context", "name": "Context", "description": "Context.", "rationale": "Context.", "layers": [ { "id": "season", "name": "Season", "description": "The season.", "findings": [ { "id": "season-finding", "name": "Season", "description": "Season.", "questions": [ { "text": "How did this Giro fit into the 2015 cycling season?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the 2015 UCI World Tour?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "history", "name": "History", "description": "Giro history.", "findings": [ { "id": "history-finding", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "questions": [ { "text": "How does this edition compare with other Giri in the race s history?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the history of the Giro d Italia?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should individual stages be linked?", "How should cycling sources be linked?", "How should later result changes be recorded?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "event or period", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a 2015 Giro d'Italia, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent explain the 2015 Giro d Italia and its outcome, relay route, stages and classification results from cycling sources, describe notable moments, and distinguish this edition from other years and from the Tour de France and Vuelta a Espana.", "characteristics": { "substance": "activity", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Described in 31 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a 2015 Giro d'Italia, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "something that happens over time", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Not a thing to see. Recognised by when it happened and who was involved, on the account of somebody." ], "relatedModels": [], "standing": "Described in 31 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one 2015 Giro d'Italia from another, and a 2015 Giro d'Italia from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a 2015 Giro d'Italia, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a 2015 Giro d'Italia, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a 2015 Giro d'Italia is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a 2015 Giro d'Italia, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a 2015 Giro d'Italia, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a 2015 Giro d'Italia is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a 2015 Giro d'Italia sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a 2015 Giro d'Italia, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a 2015 Giro d'Italia, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a 2015 Giro d'Italia is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a 2015 Giro d'Italia from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a 2015 Giro d'Italia, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a 2015 Giro d'Italia, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a 2015 Giro d'Italia is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a 2015 Giro d'Italia passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a 2015 Giro d'Italia between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a 2015 Giro d'Italia, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a 2015 Giro d'Italia, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a 2015 Giro d'Italia is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a 2015 Giro d'Italia, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a 2015 Giro d'Italia is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a 2015 Giro d'Italia, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a 2015 Giro d'Italia, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a 2015 Giro d'Italia is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "process-and-outcome", "name": "Process, inputs and outcome", "description": "How a 2015 Giro d'Italia proceeds, what it needs and what it leaves behind.", "rationale": "An activity is known by its steps and its results, and both have to be recordable while it is still running.", "layers": [ { "id": "steps-and-sequence", "name": "Steps and sequence", "description": "The steps of a 2015 Giro d'Italia, their order and what may run in parallel.", "findings": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions", "name": "Steps, preconditions and completion", "description": "What has to be true before each step of a 2015 Giro d'Italia and what marks it done.", "questions": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a step of a 2015 Giro d'Italia, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a step of a 2015 Giro d'Italia, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a step of a 2015 Giro d'Italia is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-results", "name": "Inputs, resources and results", "description": "What a 2015 Giro d'Italia consumes and what it produces.", "findings": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs", "name": "Inputs, outputs and side effects", "description": "The resources a 2015 Giro d'Italia takes and the results it leaves, wanted or not.", "questions": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the inputs and results of a 2015 Giro d'Italia, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the inputs and results of a 2015 Giro d'Italia, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the inputs and results of a 2015 Giro d'Italia is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "extent-and-dating", "name": "Temporal extent and dating", "description": "When 2015 Giro d'Italia began and ended, and who says so.", "rationale": "Dates for events are conventions held by historiographies that disagree, and a single confident date hides the disagreement.", "layers": [ { "id": "dating", "name": "Dating and calendar", "description": "Start, end, granularity and the calendar used.", "findings": [ { "id": "date-record", "name": "Dates, granularity and authority", "description": "What is dated, how precisely, and on whose account.", "questions": [ { "id": "date-record-q01", "text": "What start and end are conventionally given for 2015 Giro d'Italia, at what granularity, in which calendar?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "date-record-q02", "text": "Which accounts date it differently, and on what grounds?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "membership-of-the-event", "name": "What counts as part of it", "description": "Sub-events included or excluded, and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "inclusion", "name": "Inclusion and exclusion", "description": "The episodes treated as inside the event and those left out.", "questions": [ { "id": "inclusion-q01", "text": "Which episodes are counted as part of 2015 Giro d'Italia, and which are treated as separate?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "inclusion-q02", "text": "Whose framing is being followed in that inclusion, and who frames it otherwise?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "participants-and-consequence", "name": "Participants, causes and consequences", "description": "Who took part in 2015 Giro d'Italia and what is claimed to follow from it.", "rationale": "Causation around events is asserted rather than observed, so each claim needs the party asserting it.", "layers": [ { "id": "participants", "name": "Participants and roles", "description": "Parties involved and what each did.", "findings": [ { "id": "participant-record", "name": "Parties and their roles", "description": "Who is recorded as involved and in what capacity.", "questions": [ { "id": "participant-record-q01", "text": "Which parties took part in 2015 Giro d'Italia, in what roles, and on whose account?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "participant-record-q02", "text": "Where do accounts disagree about who was involved?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequences", "name": "Causes and consequences", "description": "What is claimed to have caused it and followed from it.", "findings": [ { "id": "causal-claims", "name": "Causal claims and who makes them", "description": "Antecedents and outcomes as attributed claims.", "questions": [ { "id": "causal-claims-q01", "text": "What causes and consequences are attributed to 2015 Giro d'Italia, and by whom?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "causal-claims-q02", "text": "What would an agent need before treating such a claim as settled rather than contested?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a 2015 Giro d'Italia came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a 2015 Giro d'Italia and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a 2015 Giro d'Italia, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a 2015 Giro d'Italia, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a 2015 Giro d'Italia is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a 2015 Giro d'Italia is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a 2015 Giro d'Italia, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a 2015 Giro d'Italia, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a 2015 Giro d'Italia is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }