{ "model": { "rank": 4312, "code": "thing-q18240", "model_id": "vr.tr.carnivorous-plant", "name": "carnivorous plant", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise a carnivorous plant, assess its condition and ecological context, and choose appropriate care, observation or conservation actions.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.LIV", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q18240/", "tier": 2, "score": 76, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "Drosera", "Drosera gunniana" ], "aliasCount": 2, "merged": 2, "knownIn": 76, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.carnivorous-plant", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q18240", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18240", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T19:56:17Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 24.3, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a087bd-1bf0-7fb3-9fdf-d2e8df906c8a\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: carnivorous plant\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.LIV\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 695 things:\n# Batch 004: 100", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 65.1, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a087bd-1be7-72a0-aca6-184ad063d0b5\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: carnivorous plant\nRegistry id: vr.tr.carnivorous-plant\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.LIV\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entr" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q18240", "registryId": "vr.tr.carnivorous-plant", "name": "carnivorous plant", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.LIV" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q18240/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.carnivorous-plant", "name": "carnivorous plant", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise a carnivorous plant, assess its condition and ecological context, and choose appropriate care, observation or conservation actions.", "definition": "A carnivorous plant is a photosynthetic plant adapted to capture animal prey and obtain nutrients from its breakdown, supplementing nutrient uptake from its environment.", "scope_statement": "This model owns carnivorous plant as a functional grouping of plants, recording evidence of prey capture and nutrient acquisition while distinguishing a taxon, a population and an individual specimen; it does not treat the grouping as a single taxon.", "in_scope": [ "Taxonomic identity and evidence supporting classification as carnivorous", "Trap structures, prey capture, digestion and prey-derived nutrient uptake", "Species-specific habitat requirements, native range and population context", "Individual growth, trap condition, seasonal state and reproduction", "Cultivation needs, provenance and conservation constraints" ], "out_of_scope": [ "General plant biology beyond what is needed to interpret carnivory and condition", "Independent models of prey species and digestive partner organisms", "Whole wetland or other habitat ecosystem management", "Commercial nursery operations and plant-product inventories", "Parasitic plants whose nutrient acquisition does not involve animal prey" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Require evidence connecting animal prey to nutrient acquisition; an insect merely stuck on a plant does not establish carnivory.", "Look for specialised capture or retention structures and distinguish functional traps from damaged leaves or incidental sticky surfaces.", "Separate mechanisms of capture, digestion and absorption; visible trap movement alone is insufficient evidence.", "Resolve identity at the relevant taxonomic level: similar trap forms do not by themselves establish close relationship.", "Distinguish a specimen's temporarily inactive or absent traps from evidence that its taxon lacks carnivory." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Biological referent", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "functional grouping | taxon | population | individual", "why_it_matters": "Prevents species-level distribution or conservation assessments from being attributed directly to an individual." }, { "name": "Taxonomic identification", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "accepted scientific name, nomenclatural authority, taxonomic source and date, GBIF or NCBI identifier where available, identification confidence", "why_it_matters": "Connects observations and care decisions to a supported identity rather than the broad common name." }, { "name": "Carnivory evidence", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "capture, digestion and nutrient uptake each recorded as demonstrated | inferred | untested, with supporting evidence", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes demonstrated nutritional carnivory from resemblance or incidental prey capture." }, { "name": "Trap mechanism", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "pitfall | adhesive | snap | suction | inward-guiding trap | other | unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Determines which structures, operational states and damage indicators an agent should inspect." }, { "name": "Functional trap proportion", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "functional traps / assessed traps, with counts, assessment criteria and observation date", "why_it_matters": "Supports condition tracking without assuming that every visible trap remains operational." }, { "name": "Digestive contribution", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "plant contribution | associated-organism contribution | combined | unresolved, with evidence", "why_it_matters": "Avoids assuming that all prey processing is performed directly by the plant." }, { "name": "Root-zone and water conditions", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "substrate pH, water electrical conductivity in µS/cm, temperature in °C, and moisture or water-level measurement with method", "why_it_matters": "Allows observed conditions to be compared with requirements established for the identified plant." }, { "name": "Life and seasonal state", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "seed | seedling | juvenile | mature; active growth | seasonal rest | flowering | fruiting | declining | unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Helps distinguish expected seasonal or developmental changes from deterioration." }, { "name": "Range and occurrence context", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "taxon linked to documented native range; occurrence classified as native | introduced | cultivated | uncertain", "why_it_matters": "Separates native distribution from locations where a plant has merely been observed or grown." }, { "name": "Conservation assessment and specimen provenance", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "assessment category, authority, year and geographic scope; specimen origin and acquisition documentation", "why_it_matters": "Supports conservation decisions while keeping assessment status distinct from an individual's origin." } ], "affordances": [ "Identify a specimen provisionally and request diagnostic observations when its identity remains uncertain.", "Document trap operation and prey-processing evidence with minimally disturbing observations.", "Compare growing conditions with requirements supported for the identified taxon and seasonal state.", "Track trap replacement, growth and reproduction to assess changes in plant condition.", "Select care or propagation actions appropriate to the plant's identity, condition and provenance.", "Check applicable conservation and collection constraints before acquisition, transfer or field intervention." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-carnivory-boundary", "name": "Identity and carnivory boundary", "description": "Establish what biological entity is being modelled and why it qualifies as carnivorous.", "rationale": "The common name denotes a functional grouping, so neither a single binomial nor a uniform mechanism can be assumed.", "layers": [ { "id": "taxonomic-and-specimen-identity", "name": "Taxonomic and specimen identity", "description": "Separate the grouping from named taxa, local populations and individual plants.", "findings": [ { "id": "supported-identification", "name": "Supported identification", "description": "Record diagnostic evidence, identification confidence and the taxonomic reference used.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does this record describe the functional grouping, a taxon, a population or an individual specimen?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "supported-identification-q01" }, { "text": "Which accepted name, nomenclatural authority, dated taxonomic reference and available GBIF or NCBI identifiers support the identification?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "supported-identification-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "nutritional-carnivory-evidence", "name": "Nutritional carnivory evidence", "description": "Evaluate capture, digestion and nutrient uptake as separate evidential requirements.", "findings": [ { "id": "carnivory-versus-incidental-capture", "name": "Carnivory versus incidental capture", "description": "Require explicit support for nutritional carnivory and preserve uncertainty about disputed cases.", "questions": [ { "text": "What operational definition of plant carnivory is being used, including its treatment of digestion by associated organisms?", "kind": "definition", "id": "carnivory-versus-incidental-capture-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence supports prey retention, prey processing and uptake of prey-derived nutrients, rather than incidental animal death on the plant?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "carnivory-versus-incidental-capture-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "trap-operation-and-nutrient-pathway", "name": "Trap operation and nutrient pathway", "description": "Describe how this plant captures prey and obtains nutrients from it.", "rationale": "Trap form alone cannot explain operational condition, digestive function or nutritional benefit.", "layers": [ { "id": "capture-and-retention", "name": "Capture and retention", "description": "Record the structures and processes that bring prey into a trap and prevent escape.", "findings": [ { "id": "mechanism-and-operational-state", "name": "Mechanism and operational state", "description": "Assess trap function using criteria appropriate to its mechanism and developmental stage.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which structures capture and retain prey, and what evidence distinguishes their mechanism from visual resemblance to another trap type?", "kind": "definition", "id": "mechanism-and-operational-state-q01" }, { "text": "How many assessed traps are developing, functional, processing prey or senescent, and what observable criteria support those assignments?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "mechanism-and-operational-state-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "digestion-and-absorption", "name": "Digestion and absorption", "description": "Trace prey processing and nutrient transfer without assuming a uniform digestive pathway.", "findings": [ { "id": "prey-derived-nutrient-transfer", "name": "Prey-derived nutrient transfer", "description": "Separate plant activity, associated-organism activity and measured nutritional outcomes.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which observations or studies establish the respective contributions of the plant and associated organisms to prey breakdown?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "prey-derived-nutrient-transfer-q01" }, { "text": "Has uptake or a growth or reproductive benefit from prey-derived nutrients been measured for this taxon, and under what conditions?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "prey-derived-nutrient-transfer-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "habitat-and-resource-conditions", "name": "Habitat and resource conditions", "description": "Connect occurrence and plant condition to the specific environmental requirements of the identified taxon.", "rationale": "A generic carnivorous-plant habitat or watering prescription would obscure meaningful differences among taxa.", "layers": [ { "id": "range-and-microhabitat", "name": "Range and microhabitat", "description": "Distinguish native distribution, introduced occurrences and cultivation while recording local habitat context.", "findings": [ { "id": "documented-occurrence-context", "name": "Documented occurrence context", "description": "Anchor habitat statements to identified plants, locations and dated evidence.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which records establish native range, and which instead represent introductions, cultivation or uncertain identifications?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "documented-occurrence-context-q01" }, { "text": "What microhabitat, hydrological setting and seasonal conditions are documented for the relevant population?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "documented-occurrence-context-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "environmental-fit", "name": "Environmental fit", "description": "Compare observed resource conditions with evidence-based requirements and tolerances.", "findings": [ { "id": "water-substrate-and-light-fit", "name": "Water, substrate and light fit", "description": "Record environmental measurements before attributing poor growth or trap loss to a cause.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the measured water conductivity, substrate pH, root-zone moisture, light exposure and temperature, including seasonal variation?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "water-substrate-and-light-fit-q01" }, { "text": "Which supported requirement or tolerance for this taxon justifies changing water, substrate, light or temperature?", "kind": "action", "id": "water-substrate-and-light-fit-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "development-reproduction-and-condition", "name": "Development, reproduction and condition", "description": "Interpret changes in the whole plant and its traps across development and seasonal cycles.", "rationale": "Trap decline can have different meanings depending on trap age, plant development and seasonal state.", "layers": [ { "id": "growth-and-seasonality", "name": "Growth and seasonality", "description": "Track plant growth and trap turnover against the expected cycle for the identified taxon.", "findings": [ { "id": "expected-change-versus-decline", "name": "Expected change versus decline", "description": "Keep normal trap senescence and supported seasonal changes distinct from unexplained deterioration.", "questions": [ { "text": "What evidence establishes the plant's developmental stage and whether a seasonal resting phase applies to this taxon?", "kind": "definition", "id": "expected-change-versus-decline-q01" }, { "text": "How do new growth, trap replacement and tissue damage change over time relative to the documented seasonal pattern?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "expected-change-versus-decline-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "reproduction-and-recruitment", "name": "Reproduction and recruitment", "description": "Record reproductive traits and outcomes without assuming a shared breeding system.", "findings": [ { "id": "reproductive-state-and-success", "name": "Reproductive state and success", "description": "Distinguish flowering, successful reproduction and establishment of new individuals.", "questions": [ { "text": "What sexual system, sex-associated differences if any, pollination requirements and vegetative reproduction pathways are supported for this taxon?", "kind": "definition", "id": "reproductive-state-and-success-q01" }, { "text": "What flowering, fruiting, seed viability, germination or vegetative recruitment has been observed, and over what interval?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "reproductive-state-and-success-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "care-provenance-and-conservation", "name": "Care, provenance and conservation", "description": "Support justified interventions and responsible handling of cultivated or wild plants.", "rationale": "Appropriate action depends on taxon-specific needs, specimen origin and the conservation context of the affected population.", "layers": [ { "id": "care-and-intervention", "name": "Care and intervention", "description": "Select care actions using identified needs, observed condition and an explicit outcome to monitor.", "findings": [ { "id": "justified-care-action", "name": "Justified care action", "description": "Require a supported reason for feeding, changing growing conditions, manipulating traps or propagating a specimen.", "questions": [ { "text": "What observed condition and taxon-specific evidence justify feeding, repotting, altering water or light, or attempting propagation?", "kind": "action", "id": "justified-care-action-q01" }, { "text": "What improvement, adverse response and review interval will be used to evaluate the intervention?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "justified-care-action-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "origin-and-conservation-context", "name": "Origin and conservation context", "description": "Link acquisition history and population context to dated conservation assessments and applicable restrictions.", "findings": [ { "id": "traceable-and-permitted-handling", "name": "Traceable and permitted handling", "description": "Keep specimen provenance, taxon assessment and action-specific permissions independently attributable.", "questions": [ { "text": "What documents establish the specimen's cultivated or wild origin, and which conservation assessment applies by taxon, year and geographic scope?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "traceable-and-permitted-handling-q01" }, { "text": "Which current rules and permissions apply to the proposed collection, acquisition, transfer, propagation or release in the relevant jurisdictions?", "kind": "action", "id": "traceable-and-permitted-handling-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "This is recalled knowledge, not source-verified research; no single binomial, taxonomic authority, native range or conservation status applies to the entire functional group.", "Definitions of carnivory differ at the boundary, especially where digestion depends on associated organisms or nutrient benefits are uncertain.", "Species-specific identifiers, conservation assessments and their dates, trade restrictions, and quantitative measurements require verification." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of carnivorous plant this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Pitfall-trap plants, including pitcher plants", "Adhesive-trap plants, including sundews and butterworts", "Snap-trap plants, including Venus flytrap and waterwheel plant", "Suction-trap plants, including bladderworts", "Lobster-pot-trap plants, including Genlisea" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of carnivorous plant this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Botanical scientific name", "value_or_pattern": "Genus specific-epithet, followed where appropriate by author citation", "note": "Identifies constituent species; carnivorous plant is a functional group with multiple evolutionary origins, not a single taxon." }, { "scheme": "GBIF taxon key", "value_or_pattern": "Numeric identifier", "note": "Applies to constituent taxonomic records, not a universal identifier for plant carnivory." }, { "scheme": "NCBI Taxonomy ID", "value_or_pattern": "Numeric taxid", "note": "Identifies constituent taxa represented in NCBI Taxonomy." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of carnivorous plant this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants, maintained through the International Botanical Congress, governs scientific naming of constituent taxa." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of carnivorous plant this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Cultivation as ornamental and collection plants", "Research on convergent evolution and adaptation to nutrient-poor habitats", "Research on plant movement, electrical signalling and prey capture", "Teaching about plant nutrition and ecological interactions", "Conservation education and habitat restoration" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of carnivorous plant this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Habitat drainage, land conversion and altered water regimes can eliminate suitable growing conditions.", "Nutrient enrichment can favour competing vegetation and alter nutrient-poor habitats.", "Unsustainable wild collection can reduce vulnerable populations.", "Cultivation with unsuitable water chemistry, fertilizer levels or growing media can damage sensitive species.", "Incorrect temperature, light, moisture or dormancy conditions can cause decline; requirements differ substantially among taxa." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of carnivorous plant this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Nepenthes diversity is concentrated in tropical Southeast Asia and nearby regions, whereas Sarracenia is native to North America.", "Drosera occurs across many regions, with particularly substantial diversity in Australia.", "Temperate species may require seasonal dormancy; tropical species can differ strongly between lowland and highland environments." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of carnivorous plant this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Plant", "difference": "Carnivorous plants add adaptations for capturing animal prey and acquiring prey-derived nutrients to the broader plant category." }, { "name": "Insectivorous plant", "difference": "Often used as a synonym, but carnivorous plant is more inclusive because prey need not be insects." }, { "name": "Parasitic plant", "difference": "A parasitic plant acquires resources from a living host plant through specialized connections; carnivory involves capturing animal prey." }, { "name": "Protocarnivorous plant", "difference": "Used for plants with some apparent carnivorous traits whose nutrient acquisition or other qualifying adaptations remain incomplete or disputed." }, { "name": "Carnivorous plant species", "difference": "A species is a particular taxonomic entity; carnivorous plant groups multiple taxa by feeding adaptations." }, { "name": "Individual carnivorous plant", "difference": "An individual is one organism with its own condition and life stage; species-level range or conservation assessments do not describe that individual." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of carnivorous plant this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Which operational definition of carnivory should govern borderline plants, especially where associated organisms mediate prey digestion?", "Which taxa and identifiers should anchor representative examples without implying that carnivorous plants constitute one taxonomic lineage?", "What taxon-specific evidence establishes environmental tolerances, seasonal requirements and safe intervention thresholds?", "Where is prey-derived nutrient uptake demonstrated directly, and where is carnivory inferred from trap morphology or capture observations?", "Which dated conservation assessments and documented threats apply to the taxa and populations eventually represented?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 18, "questions": 28 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "organism", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a carnivorous plant, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to recognise a carnivorous plant, assess its condition and ecological context, and choose appropriate care, observation or conservation actions.", "characteristics": { "substance": "living", "origin": "natural", "agency": "autonomous", "mobility": "self-moving" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: Drosera, Drosera gunniana.", "2 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 76 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a carnivorous plant, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "a living thing", "physicalCharacter": [ "Moves under its own power or of its own accord.", "Acts on its own behalf.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by diagnostic characters, and those differ by life stage - the young of many kinds are mistaken for other kinds entirely. A sighting is settled by characters, a photograph and a place, not by a name alone." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "Drosera", "Drosera gunniana" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 76 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 2 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one carnivorous plant from another, and a carnivorous plant from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a carnivorous plant, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a carnivorous plant, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a carnivorous plant is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a carnivorous plant, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a carnivorous plant, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a carnivorous plant is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a carnivorous plant sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a carnivorous plant, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a carnivorous plant, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a carnivorous plant is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a carnivorous plant from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a carnivorous plant, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a carnivorous plant, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a carnivorous plant is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a carnivorous plant is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a carnivorous plant, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a carnivorous plant, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a carnivorous plant is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Anatomy, parts and life stage.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and life stages", "description": "The parts of a carnivorous plant and the stages it passes through.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a carnivorous plant, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a carnivorous plant, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a carnivorous plant is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a carnivorous plant is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a carnivorous plant, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a carnivorous plant, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a carnivorous plant is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a carnivorous plant is, how it got there and where it may go (self-moving).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a carnivorous plant is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a carnivorous plant, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a carnivorous plant, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a carnivorous plant is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a carnivorous plant moves on its own.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a carnivorous plant, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a carnivorous plant, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a carnivorous plant is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a carnivorous plant passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a carnivorous plant between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a carnivorous plant, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a carnivorous plant, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a carnivorous plant is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a carnivorous plant, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a carnivorous plant is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a carnivorous plant, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a carnivorous plant, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a carnivorous plant is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "taxonomic-placement", "name": "Taxonomic placement and identification", "description": "What carnivorous plant is called scientifically, by whose authority, and how a specimen is recognised.", "rationale": "Names change with revisions while the organism does not, so a name without its authority and date cannot be reconciled later.", "layers": [ { "id": "accepted-name", "name": "Accepted name and synonymy", "description": "The current binomial, its author and date, and the names it replaced.", "findings": [ { "id": "name-and-authority", "name": "Accepted name, authority and synonyms", "description": "What to record so a later revision can be applied without losing the old data.", "questions": [ { "id": "name-and-authority-q01", "text": "What is the accepted scientific name of carnivorous plant, with its author and year, and which synonyms does it absorb?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "name-and-authority-q02", "text": "Which taxonomic authority is being followed, and what would a competing authority say?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "field-identification", "name": "Field identification", "description": "The characters that separate carnivorous plant from what it is confused with.", "findings": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters", "name": "Diagnostic characters and confusable kinds", "description": "Features that settle an identification, and those that only suggest it.", "questions": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q01", "text": "Which observable characters distinguish carnivorous plant from its closest look-alikes, and at which life stage are they visible?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q02", "text": "What evidence is enough to record an identification as confirmed rather than provisional?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "life-cycle-and-condition", "name": "Life stages, condition and behaviour", "description": "What carnivorous plant does over its life and how its state is judged.", "rationale": "Stage and condition change what may be done - handled, treated, harvested, left alone - and both are observations with a time.", "layers": [ { "id": "stages-and-reproduction", "name": "Stages and reproduction", "description": "Development from origin to death, including forms that look like different animals.", "findings": [ { "id": "life-stages", "name": "Life stages and their marks", "description": "The stages worth recording and what tells them apart.", "questions": [ { "id": "life-stages-q01", "text": "What stages does carnivorous plant pass through, and what observable change marks each transition?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "life-stages-q02", "text": "Which stages are so unlike the adult that they are mistaken for another kind?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "health-and-condition", "name": "Health and condition", "description": "How condition is assessed and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition assessment", "description": "Signs of health, injury and stress, and who is competent to judge them.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "How is the condition of carnivorous plant judged, on what scale, and by whom?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "What condition obliges an agent to act, and what act is permitted to whom?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "range-and-status", "name": "Habitat, range and conservation status", "description": "Where carnivorous plant lives and how threatened it is.", "rationale": "Range and status govern what is lawful, and both are assessments with an assessor and a year rather than facts of nature.", "layers": [ { "id": "habitat-and-range", "name": "Habitat and range", "description": "Native range, introductions and the habitat it needs.", "findings": [ { "id": "range-record", "name": "Range, introductions and habitat", "description": "What to record about where it is found and how it got there.", "questions": [ { "id": "range-record-q01", "text": "What is the native range of carnivorous plant, where has it been introduced, and what habitat does it require?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "range-record-q02", "text": "What distinguishes a native record from an introduced or vagrant one?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "protection-status", "name": "Protection and legal status", "description": "Conservation assessments and the rules that follow from them.", "findings": [ { "id": "status-and-rules", "name": "Conservation status and legal consequence", "description": "The assessment, its date, and what it forbids or requires where.", "questions": [ { "id": "status-and-rules-q01", "text": "What conservation status does carnivorous plant hold, under which assessment and year?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "status-and-rules-q02", "text": "What does that status forbid or require of an agent, and in which jurisdiction?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a carnivorous plant came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a carnivorous plant and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a carnivorous plant, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a carnivorous plant, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a carnivorous plant is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a carnivorous plant is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a carnivorous plant, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a carnivorous plant, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a carnivorous plant is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }