{ "model": { "rank": 3734, "code": "thing-q182925", "model_id": "vr.tr.fluorescent-lamp", "name": "fluorescent lamp", "purpose": "Enable an agent to identify a fluorescent lamp, assess its operating condition and compatibility, and determine appropriate installation, maintenance and end-of-life actions.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.OBJ", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q182925/", "tier": 2, "score": 82, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "Fluorescent tube", "circline", "2-pin compact fluorescent lamp", "compact fluorescent lamp" ], "aliasCount": 4, "merged": 4, "knownIn": 82, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q182925", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182925", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T15:00:52Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 36.3, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07c61-cf80-7e10-bc47-15b850bec32b\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: fluorescent lamp\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.OBJ\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 801 things:\n# Batch 004: 1001", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 73, "error": "WARNING: failed to clean up stale arg0 temp dirs: Access is denied. (os error 5)\nReading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07c61-cf86-7092-aaba-92f3a51422c0\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: fluorescent lamp\nRegistry id: vr.tr.fluorescent-lamp\nPlane / domain:" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q182925", "registryId": "vr.tr.fluorescent-lamp", "name": "fluorescent lamp", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.OBJ" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q182925/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.fluorescent-lamp", "name": "fluorescent lamp", "purpose": "Enable an agent to identify a fluorescent lamp, assess its operating condition and compatibility, and determine appropriate installation, maintenance and end-of-life actions.", "definition": "A fluorescent lamp is a low-pressure mercury-vapour electric-discharge lamp in which ultraviolet radiation from the discharge excites a phosphor coating to emit visible light.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the fluorescent lamp as a kind of electric light source whose discharge excites a phosphor coating, including lamp-integrated control gear where present; product specifications and individual lamp observations are evidence recorded against this kind.", "in_scope": [ "Recognition of fluorescent light generation and lamp construction", "Linear, compact and other fluorescent lamp configurations", "Electrical, mechanical and control-gear compatibility", "Light output, operating behaviour and degradation", "Lamp-specific handling, mercury containment and end-of-life routing" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Complete luminaires, their wiring enclosures and optical assemblies", "Standalone ballasts and starters as independently modelled devices", "LED replacement tubes and LED retrofit conversion systems", "Building lighting design and electrical distribution", "Mercury production and waste-treatment facilities" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "The intended visible output comes primarily from a phosphor coating excited by ultraviolet radiation from a low-pressure mercury discharge.", "A filament, where fitted, serves as an electrode rather than as the principal incandescent light source.", "Unlike a phosphor-converted LED lamp, excitation originates in a gas discharge rather than a semiconductor emitter.", "The lamp requires discharge-current limiting through compatible external or integrated control gear; its base alone does not establish electrical compatibility.", "A fluorescent-shaped tube or familiar pin arrangement is insufficient identification because LED replacements can share the same physical format." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Lamp configuration", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Linear tube, compact folded tube, circular tube, other documented configuration", "why_it_matters": "Establishes the physical arrangement without mistaking shape for electrical compatibility." }, { "name": "Control-gear arrangement", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "External ballast, integrated ballast, unknown", "why_it_matters": "Determines the boundary of the replaceable lamp and which compatibility evidence is needed." }, { "name": "Base and envelope dimensions", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Base designation; overall length and envelope diameter in mm", "why_it_matters": "Supports mechanical fit checks and distinguishes nominal format from measured dimensions." }, { "name": "Rated electrical operating point", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Lamp power in W, operating current in A and operating voltage in V; declared reference conditions", "why_it_matters": "Supports ballast matching while distinguishing lamp values from total system input." }, { "name": "Compatible control gear", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Documented ballast, starting circuit and supported control combinations", "why_it_matters": "Prevents substitution based only on wattage, dimensions or pin count." }, { "name": "Luminous performance", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Luminous flux in lm and efficacy in lm/W, with operating conditions and power boundary", "why_it_matters": "Makes output and efficiency comparisons meaningful." }, { "name": "Colour characteristics", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Correlated colour temperature in K, colour rendering index and spectral distribution where available", "why_it_matters": "Supports selection for visual tasks and comparison with an existing installation." }, { "name": "Starting and control capabilities", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Documented starting method, dimming support and switching restrictions", "why_it_matters": "Connects lamp operation and life expectations to the actual control system." }, { "name": "Observed operating condition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Unassessed, operating normally, slow starting, flickering, reduced output, non-starting, visibly damaged", "why_it_matters": "Records symptoms without prematurely attributing them to the lamp." }, { "name": "Mercury content and containment", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Declared mercury mass in mg, documented mercury form and envelope integrity", "why_it_matters": "Supports appropriate handling and disposal using evidence specific to the lamp." } ], "affordances": [ "Identify whether a labelled or installed light source is fluorescent and classify its configuration.", "Check a proposed replacement against base, dimensions, electrical ratings and control-gear requirements.", "Compare light output and colour under declared operating conditions.", "Assess observed symptoms and identify which lamp, starter or ballast checks remain necessary.", "Determine whether dimming or a proposed switching pattern is supported by the documented lamp-and-gear combination.", "Route an intact spent lamp or broken lamp to the applicable handling and collection procedure." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "fluorescent-identity", "name": "Fluorescent identity", "description": "Establishes the light-generation mechanism and the boundary of the lamp.", "rationale": "Similar-looking tubes and compact bulbs can use different technologies and require different actions.", "layers": [ { "id": "discharge-and-phosphor", "name": "Discharge and phosphor", "description": "Records evidence that the source uses fluorescent discharge lighting.", "findings": [ { "id": "mechanism-identification", "name": "Mechanism identification", "description": "Identify the discharge and phosphor mechanism from reliable documentation or markings, with appearance serving only as supporting evidence.", "questions": [ { "text": "What evidence establishes a low-pressure mercury discharge exciting a phosphor coating?", "kind": "definition", "id": "mechanism-identification-q01" }, { "text": "Which markings or manufacturer documents distinguish this lamp from an LED replacement with the same shape?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "mechanism-identification-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "replaceable-assembly", "name": "Replaceable assembly", "description": "Separates the lamp envelope and base from external gear and the luminaire.", "findings": [ { "id": "lamp-boundary", "name": "Lamp boundary", "description": "Record which electrodes, starting components and control electronics belong to the replaceable lamp assembly.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the replaceable lamp include a ballast or starter, or depend on external components?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "lamp-boundary-q01" }, { "text": "Which identifying codes describe the lamp itself rather than the luminaire or a product family?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "lamp-boundary-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "fit-and-electrical-operation", "name": "Fit and electrical operation", "description": "Connects physical interfaces with the discharge circuit required for operation.", "rationale": "A fluorescent lamp can fit a socket while being unsuitable for its ballast or starting circuit.", "layers": [ { "id": "mechanical-interface", "name": "Mechanical interface", "description": "Captures the lamp geometry and contact arrangement relevant to installation.", "findings": [ { "id": "physical-fit", "name": "Physical fit", "description": "Establish the base designation, contact arrangement and actual dimensions needed for the intended holder and enclosure.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the base designation, pin arrangement, overall length and envelope diameter?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "physical-fit-q01" }, { "text": "Does the intended luminaire accommodate the lamp's shape, insertion method and required clearances?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "physical-fit-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "ballast-and-starting", "name": "Ballast and starting", "description": "Captures current limiting, ignition and electrode-heating requirements.", "findings": [ { "id": "circuit-match", "name": "Circuit match", "description": "Determine compatibility from the documented lamp-and-gear combination rather than a shared nominal wattage.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which ballast ratings, starting method and starter arrangement are specified for this lamp?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "circuit-match-q01" }, { "text": "What lamp voltage, current and power apply under the specified operating conditions?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "circuit-match-q02" }, { "text": "Does the proposed replacement have documented compatibility with the installed circuit?", "kind": "action", "id": "circuit-match-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "light-and-control-performance", "name": "Light and control performance", "description": "Records useful light output and its dependence on temperature, startup and controls.", "rationale": "Nominal wattage does not establish delivered light, colour quality or behaviour after switching.", "layers": [ { "id": "photometric-and-colour-output", "name": "Photometric and colour output", "description": "Describes emitted light using declared measurement conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "rated-and-observed-output", "name": "Rated and observed output", "description": "Keep rated output distinct from observations and distinguish lamp efficacy from system efficacy including ballast losses.", "questions": [ { "text": "What luminous flux, colour temperature and colour-rendering values are declared, and under what conditions?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "rated-and-observed-output-q01" }, { "text": "Does the efficacy figure use lamp power or total input power including control gear?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "rated-and-observed-output-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "startup-and-control-response", "name": "Startup and control response", "description": "Describes warm-up, environmental limits, dimming and temporal light behaviour.", "findings": [ { "id": "operating-envelope", "name": "Operating envelope", "description": "Associate starting reliability, output stabilisation and control response with the actual lamp, gear and environment.", "questions": [ { "text": "What starting-temperature limits and time to stable output are documented or measured?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "operating-envelope-q01" }, { "text": "Which dimming range and control interfaces are supported by this lamp-and-ballast combination?", "kind": "action", "id": "operating-envelope-q02" }, { "text": "What temporal light modulation is measured at the intended operating and dimming settings?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "operating-envelope-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "degradation-and-service", "name": "Degradation and service", "description": "Connects service history and symptoms to maintenance decisions.", "rationale": "Non-starting, flicker and low output can arise from either lamp ageing or associated equipment.", "layers": [ { "id": "life-and-use-history", "name": "Life and use history", "description": "Records exposure and duty cycle relevant to lamp survival and lumen maintenance.", "findings": [ { "id": "ageing-context", "name": "Ageing context", "description": "Interpret life claims alongside operating hours, switching patterns, starting method and the manufacturer's failure criterion.", "questions": [ { "text": "What rated life and lumen-maintenance claims apply, and what test cycle and end-of-life criterion support them?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "ageing-context-q01" }, { "text": "What operating hours, starts and switching intervals are known for the observed lamp?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "ageing-context-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "symptoms-and-intervention", "name": "Symptoms and intervention", "description": "Separates visible symptoms from established causes and justified service actions.", "findings": [ { "id": "fault-localisation", "name": "Fault localisation", "description": "Use envelope damage, end darkening, starting behaviour and output observations to guide diagnosis without treating any single symptom as conclusive.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which symptoms are observed, and do they occur during startup, steady operation or dimming?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "fault-localisation-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence distinguishes lamp failure from a starter, ballast, holder or supply fault?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "fault-localisation-q02" }, { "text": "Which inspection or replacement action is supported by the equipment instructions and the person's competence?", "kind": "action", "id": "fault-localisation-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "containment-and-applicable-requirements", "name": "Containment and applicable requirements", "description": "Connects mercury containment, product evidence and local rules to permitted handling and disposition.", "rationale": "Fluorescent lamps require decisions that depend on envelope integrity, product class, jurisdiction and date.", "layers": [ { "id": "mercury-and-breakage", "name": "Mercury and breakage", "description": "Records hazardous contents and distinguishes intact spent lamps from broken lamps.", "findings": [ { "id": "containment-state", "name": "Containment state", "description": "Record documented mercury content and current envelope integrity before choosing handling or collection procedures.", "questions": [ { "text": "What mercury mass and form are documented for this lamp, and by which source?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "containment-state-q01" }, { "text": "Is the envelope intact, cracked or broken, and has any material been released?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "containment-state-q02" }, { "text": "Which authoritative local procedure applies to breakage cleanup or intact-lamp collection?", "kind": "action", "id": "containment-state-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "standards-and-market-status", "name": "Standards and market status", "description": "Records applicable product requirements and distinguishes market restrictions from continued-use and disposal rules.", "findings": [ { "id": "applicability-evidence", "name": "Applicability evidence", "description": "Tie standards, conformity claims and regulatory restrictions to the exact lamp category, jurisdiction and effective date.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which safety and performance standards apply, with issuing bodies, editions and supporting conformity evidence?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "applicability-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Which current rules govern placing this lamp on the market, continued use and end-of-life collection in the relevant jurisdiction?", "kind": "action", "id": "applicability-evidence-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "This entry describes the lamp kind, not a particular product or installed unit; listed varieties overlap.", "Measurements are representative of common general-lighting products, not universal limits; starting method, temperature and ballast affect performance.", "Standard editions, applicability to particular lamp types, and current regional restrictions require verification; no sources were consulted." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of fluorescent lamp this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Linear fluorescent lamps", "Compact fluorescent lamps with integrated ballast", "Compact fluorescent lamps with separate ballast", "Circular fluorescent lamps", "U-shaped fluorescent lamps", "Cold-cathode fluorescent lamps" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of fluorescent lamp this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Tubular lamp size designation", "value_or_pattern": "T5, T8, T12", "note": "The number expresses nominal tube diameter in eighths of an inch; it does not specify length, power or electrical compatibility." }, { "scheme": "IEC lamp-cap designation", "value_or_pattern": "G5, G13", "note": "Common bi-pin caps for linear fluorescent lamps, specified within the IEC 60061 system; matching the cap alone does not establish compatibility." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of fluorescent lamp this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "IEC 60081, issued by the International Electrotechnical Commission: performance specifications for double-capped fluorescent lamps.", "IEC 60901, issued by the International Electrotechnical Commission: performance specifications for single-capped fluorescent lamps.", "IEC 61195, issued by the International Electrotechnical Commission: safety specifications for double-capped fluorescent lamps.", "IEC 61199, issued by the International Electrotechnical Commission: safety specifications for single-capped fluorescent lamps.", "IEC 61347-2-3, issued by the International Electrotechnical Commission: particular requirements for AC- and/or DC-supplied electronic controlgear for fluorescent lamps." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of fluorescent lamp this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "General lighting in offices, schools, shops and industrial buildings.", "Residential lighting using compact fluorescent lamps.", "Backlighting in older liquid-crystal displays using cold-cathode lamps.", "Plant-growing and aquarium lighting using selected phosphor spectra.", "Ultraviolet applications using specialised fluorescent phosphors, including blacklight lamps." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of fluorescent lamp this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Nominal tube diameter for T5, T8 and T12 lamps", "typical_range": "Approximately 16, 26 and 38, respectively", "unit": "mm" }, { "quantity": "Common linear general-lighting lamp length", "typical_range": "Approximately 0.6-1.5", "unit": "m" }, { "quantity": "Rated power of common linear general-lighting lamps", "typical_range": "Approximately 14-80", "unit": "W" }, { "quantity": "Lamp luminous efficacy, excluding ballast losses", "typical_range": "Approximately 50-100", "unit": "lm/W" }, { "quantity": "Correlated colour temperature of common white-light lamps", "typical_range": "Approximately 2700-6500", "unit": "K" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of fluorescent lamp this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Electrode emitter depletion can cause end blackening, difficult starting, flickering and eventual failure.", "Phosphor degradation and changes within the discharge can reduce light output over time.", "Ballast or starter failure, or incompatible controlgear, can prevent starting or cause abnormal operation and overheating.", "Glass breakage creates sharp fragments and can release mercury; mercury content also makes end-of-life waste handling significant.", "Mains-powered circuitry presents electric-shock hazards; flicker can also produce stroboscopic effects around moving machinery." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of fluorescent lamp this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Nominal lengths, wattage families and product naming conventions vary between markets.", "Supply voltage and frequency affect ballast selection; lamp interchangeability requires more than matching physical dimensions.", "Mercury restrictions, product phase-outs and waste-collection requirements vary by jurisdiction." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of fluorescent lamp this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "LED tube", "difference": "Uses semiconductor emitters rather than a mercury discharge, even when designed to replace a fluorescent tube." }, { "name": "Incandescent lamp", "difference": "Produces light primarily by heating a filament rather than exciting phosphor with discharge-generated ultraviolet radiation." }, { "name": "High-pressure mercury-vapour lamp", "difference": "Operates a mercury discharge at substantially higher pressure; a phosphor coating alone does not make it a fluorescent lamp in the conventional classification." }, { "name": "Low-pressure mercury germicidal lamp", "difference": "Ordinarily transmits ultraviolet radiation directly rather than converting it into visible light through a fluorescent coating." }, { "name": "Fluorescent luminaire", "difference": "Is the complete lighting assembly, including lamp holders, housing and associated components; the lamp is its light-producing component." }, { "name": "Fluorescent-lamp ballast", "difference": "Limits discharge current and may provide starting functions; it is controlgear rather than the light-producing lamp." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of fluorescent lamp this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should this registry entry include cold-cathode fluorescent lamps and external-electrode variants, or do neighbouring entries already own those specialisations?", "Which authoritative lamp classifications, base designations and dimensional references should anchor the supported configuration categories?", "Which safety and performance standards and certification schemes apply to each included lamp configuration and control-gear arrangement?", "What sourced ranges for output, efficacy, life, temperature limits and mercury content are representative of the included lamp classes?", "Which jurisdiction and effective date should govern market restrictions, breakage guidance and collection requirements?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 19, "questions": 33 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "device, machine or tool", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a fluorescent lamp, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to identify a fluorescent lamp, assess its operating condition and compatibility, and determine appropriate installation, maintenance and end-of-life actions.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "manufactured", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: Fluorescent tube, circline, 2-pin compact fluorescent lamp, compact fluorescent lamp.", "4 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 82 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a fluorescent lamp, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by form, by the arrangement of its controls, and by markings - a plate, a model number, a certification mark. Form alone rarely separates two models that do very different things." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "Fluorescent tube", "circline", "2-pin compact fluorescent lamp", "compact fluorescent lamp" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 82 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 4 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one fluorescent lamp from another, and a fluorescent lamp from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a fluorescent lamp, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a fluorescent lamp, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a fluorescent lamp is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a fluorescent lamp, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a fluorescent lamp, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a fluorescent lamp is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a fluorescent lamp sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a fluorescent lamp, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a fluorescent lamp, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a fluorescent lamp is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a fluorescent lamp from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a fluorescent lamp, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a fluorescent lamp, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a fluorescent lamp is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a fluorescent lamp is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a fluorescent lamp, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a fluorescent lamp, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a fluorescent lamp is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a fluorescent lamp is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a fluorescent lamp, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a fluorescent lamp, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a fluorescent lamp is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a fluorescent lamp is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a fluorescent lamp, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a fluorescent lamp, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a fluorescent lamp is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a fluorescent lamp is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a fluorescent lamp is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a fluorescent lamp, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a fluorescent lamp, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a fluorescent lamp is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a fluorescent lamp is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a fluorescent lamp, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a fluorescent lamp, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a fluorescent lamp is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a fluorescent lamp passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a fluorescent lamp between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a fluorescent lamp, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a fluorescent lamp, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a fluorescent lamp is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a fluorescent lamp, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a fluorescent lamp is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a fluorescent lamp, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a fluorescent lamp, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a fluorescent lamp is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "function-and-principle", "name": "Function and operating principle", "description": "What fluorescent lamp is for and how it achieves it.", "rationale": "Two devices with the same name can work on different principles, and the principle is what predicts failure and constrains use.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-function", "name": "Intended function", "description": "The job it does, and the jobs it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-record", "name": "Function, principle and variants", "description": "What it does, how, and which variants do it differently.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-record-q01", "text": "What function does fluorescent lamp perform, on what operating principle, and which variants differ in that principle?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "function-record-q02", "text": "What use falls outside the intended function but happens in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "capacity-and-rating", "name": "Capacity and rating", "description": "The numbers that say what it can do and where it stops.", "findings": [ { "id": "ratings", "name": "Ratings and their conditions", "description": "Rated capacity, power, throughput and the conditions each assumes.", "questions": [ { "id": "ratings-q01", "text": "What ratings characterise fluorescent lamp, in what units, and under what stated conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "ratings-q02", "text": "What happens beyond the rating - degradation, refusal, damage - and how is that detected?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "operation-and-state", "name": "Operation, controls and state", "description": "How fluorescent lamp is operated and what state it is in right now.", "rationale": "An agent acting on a device needs its current state and the controls that change it, not just its specification.", "layers": [ { "id": "controls-and-modes", "name": "Controls and modes", "description": "What can be set, what that changes, and what is interlocked.", "findings": [ { "id": "control-surface", "name": "Control surface and interlocks", "description": "The settings available and the conditions that block them.", "questions": [ { "id": "control-surface-q01", "text": "What controls and modes does fluorescent lamp have, and what does each change?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "control-surface-q02", "text": "Which actions are interlocked or forbidden in which state, and what must be true before acting?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-maintenance", "name": "Condition and maintenance", "description": "Wear, service intervals, consumables and the line between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "service-record", "name": "Condition, service and consumables", "description": "What is consumed, what is serviced, and how condition is judged.", "questions": [ { "id": "service-record-q01", "text": "What consumables and service does fluorescent lamp need, at what interval, and on whose authority?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "service-record-q02", "text": "What evidence separates a unit that is working from one that is out of service?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "kind-model-unit", "name": "Kind, model and unit", "description": "Whether a claim about fluorescent lamp is about the kind, a product line, or one physical unit.", "rationale": "This is the boundary most often got wrong for made things, and getting it wrong mixes a catalogue entry with the machine in the yard.", "layers": [ { "id": "level-of-reference", "name": "Level of reference", "description": "The three levels and what belongs at each.", "findings": [ { "id": "level-rules", "name": "What belongs to kind, model and unit", "description": "Which properties are shared by all of them and which are not.", "questions": [ { "id": "level-rules-q01", "text": "Which facts about fluorescent lamp hold for every one of them, which for a model, and which only for one unit?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "level-rules-q02", "text": "What identifies an individual unit, and what should an agent do when it has only the kind?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "standards-and-conformity", "name": "Standards and conformity", "description": "The standards a working example must meet and who attests it.", "findings": [ { "id": "conformity", "name": "Standards, marks and attestation", "description": "Which standard applies, who certifies, and what the mark means.", "questions": [ { "id": "conformity-q01", "text": "Which standards govern fluorescent lamp, issued by whom, and what does conformity actually assert?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "conformity-q02", "text": "What may an agent conclude from a certification mark, and what may it not?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a fluorescent lamp came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a fluorescent lamp and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a fluorescent lamp, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a fluorescent lamp, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a fluorescent lamp is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a fluorescent lamp is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a fluorescent lamp, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a fluorescent lamp, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a fluorescent lamp is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }