{ "model": { "rank": 2543, "code": "thing-q18335", "model_id": "vr.tr.radiation", "name": "radiation", "purpose": "Let an agent explain radiation by type, sources, effects and protection, route radiation emergencies to authorities, and address misinformation with evidence.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Activities and processes", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "ACT", "domain": "ACT.ACT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q18335/", "tier": 2, "score": 103, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "gravitational wave", "Gravitational wave background", "primary radiation", "gamma ray", "light emission", "E-rays", "secondary radiation", "solar radiation", "ionizing radiation", "synchrotron radiation", "negative green", "retroreflection", "particle beam", "annihilation radiation", "nuclear radiation", "K-beta", "long wave radiation", "environmental radiation", "incandescence", "black-body radiation", "particle radiation", "beta particle", "directly ionizing radiation", "indirectly ionizing radiation", "monoenergetic radiation", "natural radiation", "background radiation", "hard radiation", "cathode ray", "space radiation", "soft radiation", "anode ray", "retroreflection of a road sign", "deuteron beam", "charged particle beam", "Atomic beam", "beta radiation", "relativistic electron beam", "proton beam" ], "aliasCount": 39, "merged": 39, "knownIn": 103, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.radiation-body", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q18335", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18335", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T15:19:39Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 1, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q18335", "registryId": "vr.tr.radiation", "name": "radiation", "version": "0.2.0-wave.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "ACT.ACT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q18335/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.radiation", "name": "radiation", "purpose": "Let an agent explain radiation by type, sources, effects and protection, route radiation emergencies to authorities, and address misinformation with evidence.", "definition": "The emission and transfer of energy as waves or particles through space or a medium, including electromagnetic radiation from radio waves to gamma rays, particle radiation such as alpha and beta particles and neutrons, acoustic radiation and gravitational waves; ionising radiation can damage living tissue and is regulated.", "what_it_is_for": "Physics, medicine, energy, communications and safety.", "affordances": [ "distinguish ionising and non-ionising radiation", "explain sources and doses", "find radiation protection guidance", "evaluate claims about radiation risks" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Energy transfer through space", "Wave or particle", "Ionising or non-ionising", "Natural and artificial sources" ], "appearance": "Mostly invisible; visible light is one form, and detectors reveal others.", "visual_identification": [ "Electromagnetic spectrum", "Radiation warning trefoil", "Radioactivity is the source process, radiation the emission" ], "physical_properties": [], "families_and_kinds": [ "electromagnetic radiation", "particle radiation", "ionising radiation", "non-ionising radiation", "gravitational waves" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "energy transfer process", "why": "category" }, { "relation": "is produced by", "target": "radioactive decay", "why": "source" }, { "relation": "is used in", "target": "medical imaging", "why": "application" }, { "relation": "is related to", "target": "absorption band", "why": "interaction with matter" } ], "identifiers": [], "standards_and_regulation": [ "IAEA Basic Safety Standards", "ICNIRP guidelines for non-ionising radiation", "EU Basic Safety Standards Directive" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Radiation exposure and burns", "Misinformation about radiation risks", "Facilitating misuse of radioactive sources" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "types", "name": "Types", "description": "Kinds of radiation.", "rationale": "Types differ in effect.", "layers": [ { "id": "ionising", "name": "Ionising", "description": "Ionising or not.", "findings": [ { "id": "ionising-finding", "name": "Ionising", "description": "Ionising versus non-ionising.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is this radiation ionising, and what does that mean for biological effects?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Where does it sit on the spectrum?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "sources", "name": "Sources", "description": "Natural and artificial.", "findings": [ { "id": "sources-finding", "name": "Sources", "description": "Sources.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the main sources of exposure, such as radon, medical imaging and cosmic rays?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "What is typical background dose?", "kind": "measurement" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "safety", "name": "Safety", "description": "Protection.", "rationale": "Safety comes first.", "layers": [ { "id": "emergency", "name": "Emergency", "description": "Radiation incidents.", "findings": [ { "id": "emergency-finding", "name": "Emergency", "description": "Radiation emergencies.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is there a suspected radiation release or found source?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "text": "Should people follow official instructions and contact authorities immediately?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "protection", "name": "Protection", "description": "Dose limits.", "findings": [ { "id": "protection-finding", "name": "Protection", "description": "Protection.", "questions": [ { "text": "What dose limits and protection principles apply?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "How is radon managed in homes?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "claims", "name": "Claims", "description": "Misinformation.", "rationale": "Evidence matters.", "layers": [ { "id": "evaluate", "name": "Evaluate", "description": "Risk claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evaluate-finding", "name": "Evaluate", "description": "Risk claims.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is this claim about radiation from phones, power lines or other sources supported by evidence, according to WHO or ICNIRP?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "How strong is the evidence?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "explain", "name": "Explain", "description": "Calm explanation.", "findings": [ { "id": "explain-finding", "name": "Explain", "description": "Calm explanation.", "questions": [ { "text": "How can radiation risk be explained calmly with comparisons?", "kind": "action" }, { "text": "Which sources are reliable?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "science", "name": "Science", "description": "Physics and astronomy.", "rationale": "Radiation carries information.", "layers": [ { "id": "waves", "name": "Waves", "description": "Gravitational waves.", "findings": [ { "id": "waves-finding", "name": "Waves", "description": "Gravitational waves.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are gravitational waves, and how were they detected?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "What have they revealed?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "limits", "name": "Limits", "description": "Misuse.", "findings": [ { "id": "limits-finding", "name": "Limits", "description": "Misuse limits.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the request seek to acquire or misuse radioactive sources?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "text": "How should the agent decline?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should radiation types be separate entries?", "How should dose data be linked?", "How should safety guidance be localised?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a radiation, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent explain radiation by type, sources, effects and protection, route radiation emergencies to authorities, and address misinformation with evidence.", "characteristics": { "substance": "activity", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: gravitational wave, Gravitational wave background, primary radiation, gamma ray, light emission, E-rays, secondary radiation, solar radiation, ionizing radiation, synchrotron radiation, negative green, retroreflection.", "39 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 103 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a radiation, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "something that happens over time", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "gravitational wave", "Gravitational wave background", "primary radiation", "gamma ray", "light emission", "E-rays", "secondary radiation", "solar radiation", "ionizing radiation", "synchrotron radiation", "negative green", "retroreflection" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 103 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 39 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one radiation from another, and a radiation from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a radiation, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a radiation, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a radiation is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a radiation, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a radiation, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a radiation is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a radiation sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a radiation, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a radiation, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a radiation is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a radiation from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a radiation, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a radiation, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a radiation is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a radiation passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a radiation between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a radiation, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a radiation, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a radiation is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a radiation, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a radiation is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a radiation, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a radiation, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a radiation is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "process-and-outcome", "name": "Process, inputs and outcome", "description": "How a radiation proceeds, what it needs and what it leaves behind.", "rationale": "An activity is known by its steps and its results, and both have to be recordable while it is still running.", "layers": [ { "id": "steps-and-sequence", "name": "Steps and sequence", "description": "The steps of a radiation, their order and what may run in parallel.", "findings": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions", "name": "Steps, preconditions and completion", "description": "What has to be true before each step of a radiation and what marks it done.", "questions": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a step of a radiation, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a step of a radiation, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a step of a radiation is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-results", "name": "Inputs, resources and results", "description": "What a radiation consumes and what it produces.", "findings": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs", "name": "Inputs, outputs and side effects", "description": "The resources a radiation takes and the results it leaves, wanted or not.", "questions": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the inputs and results of a radiation, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the inputs and results of a radiation, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the inputs and results of a radiation is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What radiation is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of radiation are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is radiation operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of radiation and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of radiation?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as radiation?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a radiation came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a radiation and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a radiation, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a radiation, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a radiation is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a radiation is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a radiation, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a radiation, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a radiation is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }