{ "model": { "rank": 3096, "code": "thing-q18341850", "model_id": "vr.tr.mortar-and-pestle", "name": "mortar and pestle", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise a mortar-and-pestle set, assess its fitness for a proposed substance and operation, and decide whether to use, clean, repair, replace or withdraw it.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.OBJ", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q18341850/", "tier": 2, "score": 91, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "apothecary mortar", "Mihbaj", "Suribachi" ], "aliasCount": 3, "merged": 3, "knownIn": 91, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q18341850", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18341850", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T14:44:04Z", "providers": [ "Codex", "Grok" ], "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "usd": 0.03914438, "turns": 2, "seconds": 139.9, "error": null }, "codex": { "seconds": 81.5, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07c51-67a5-72a2-81b3-b3e02c227bfe\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: mortar and pestle\nRegistry id: vr.tr.mortar-and-pestle\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.OBJ\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entr" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q18341850", "registryId": "vr.tr.mortar-and-pestle", "name": "mortar and pestle", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.OBJ" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q18341850/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.mortar-and-pestle", "name": "mortar and pestle", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise a mortar-and-pestle set, assess its fitness for a proposed substance and operation, and decide whether to use, clean, repair, replace or withdraw it.", "definition": "A mortar and pestle is a two-piece comminution and mixing instrument in which a pestle applies cyclic compressive and shear force against the inner surface of a bowl (the mortar) to crush, grind, triturate or disperse solids and pastes in pharmacy, laboratory work and food preparation.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the paired grinding vessel and handheld implement, their compatibility, working surfaces, condition, use history and readiness for manually crushing, grinding or mixing a specified charge.", "in_scope": [ "Identification of the mortar, pestle and their pairing", "Vessel geometry, pestle geometry and usable working space", "Materials, coatings and substance-contact surfaces", "Manual crushing, grinding and mixing capabilities", "Wear, damage, residue and contamination history", "Task-specific preparation, handling, cleaning and retirement decisions" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Recipes, formulations and intended properties of finished preparations", "Chemical, biological and toxicological models of substances being processed", "Powered mills, grinders and their drive mechanisms", "General bowls, mallets and other utensils without a mortar-and-pestle working role", "Laboratory or kitchen operating procedures beyond requirements attached to this set", "Manufacturing processes and cultural histories of mortar-and-pestle designs" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "The mortar provides an accessible interior working surface against which a separate pestle can press or strike a charge; a storage vessel alone does not establish this identity.", "The pestle has a graspable portion and a working end that can contact material within the mortar; an ordinary stirrer does not establish a crushing or grinding role.", "The paired geometry permits material to be worked between the pestle and the mortar interior, distinguishing the set from a mallet used against an exposed slab.", "Material reduction depends on manipulating the pestle within the vessel, distinguishing the set from a mill with an enclosed grinding mechanism.", "A missing component is recorded as an incomplete set or unpaired component when its identity is supported, rather than treating any bowl or blunt implement as a complete set." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Component completeness", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "paired set | mortar only | pestle only | uncertain", "why_it_matters": "Determines whether the object can perform paired work and whether a replacement component must be assessed." }, { "name": "Pairing evidence", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Mortar linked to pestle; supplied together | documented replacement | assessed pairing | unverified", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes an established set from components whose fit and suitability remain unknown." }, { "name": "Interior and pestle dimensions", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Mortar opening width and interior depth, pestle length and working-end width in mm", "why_it_matters": "Supports judgments about reach, hand clearance, movement and charge access." }, { "name": "Working capacity", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Interior volume in mL; task-assessed charge range in g or mL with substance and operation recorded", "why_it_matters": "Separates vessel volume from a charge that can actually be worked without unacceptable escape or restricted movement." }, { "name": "Contact-material construction", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Named material, coating or lining for each contact surface; identification evidence; unknown allowed", "why_it_matters": "Provides the basis for checking substance compatibility, cleaning methods and potential surface loss." }, { "name": "Working-surface texture", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Observed texture and distribution by surface; smooth | textured | uneven | altered | unknown", "why_it_matters": "Helps assess how the pestle engages the charge and whether the surface has changed through use." }, { "name": "Structural and surface condition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Mapped cracks, chips, loose material, coating loss and wear; none observed | present | uncertain", "why_it_matters": "Supports decisions about breakage risk, material shedding and continued use." }, { "name": "Substance-contact history", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Links to prior charges, dedicated-use restrictions, cleaning records and verification results; unknown history allowed", "why_it_matters": "Makes cross-use and cleaning decisions depend on evidence rather than appearance alone." }, { "name": "Task readiness", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "ready | preparation required | unsuitable | undetermined, for a named substance and operation", "why_it_matters": "Expresses a bounded use decision rather than an unsupported claim that the set is universally safe." } ], "affordances": [ "Assess whether the mortar and pestle form a usable pair for a specified charge.", "Crush or grind a charge through task-appropriate pressing, pounding or rubbing motions.", "Mix or work a charge into a paste when the set and substances are suitable.", "Portion the charge and recover processed material while accounting for retained residue.", "Inspect and clean working surfaces using methods supported for their construction and use history.", "Dedicate, re-pair or withdraw the set when contamination, damage or component mismatch requires it." ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "wikipedia-mortar", "title": "Mortar and pestle - Wikipedia (Wikimedia Foundation)", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mortar_and_pestle", "what_it_supports": "Core definition, historical pharmacy association, Wedgwood origin, trituration, and uses in kitchen, laboratory, pigment and construction work.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "wikidata-q18341850", "title": "mortar and pestle (Q18341850) - Wikidata (Wikimedia Foundation)", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18341850", "what_it_supports": "Canonical identifier and Google Product Taxonomy code 3999 for kitchen mortars and pestles.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "practical-pharmaceutics-28", "title": "Practical Pharmaceutics, ch. 28 Equipment - Springer (via University of Groningen)", "url": "https://research.rug.nl/files/871401150/978-3-031-20298-8_28.pdf", "what_it_supports": "Pharmacy materials (porcelain, melamine, stainless steel), rough versus smooth walls, wall-loss percentages, and operating practice.", "url_status": "blocked" }, { "id": "practical-pharmaceutics-29", "title": "Practical Pharmaceutics, ch. 29 Basic Operations - Springer (via University of Groningen)", "url": "https://pure.rug.nl/ws/files/1040597430/978-3-031-20298-8_29.pdf", "what_it_supports": "Particle-size limits of hand grinding (~30-50 µm; useful above ~100 µm) and geometric mixing in a mortar.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "ashp-compounding", "title": "Compounding equipment chapter - American Society of Health-System Pharmacists", "url": "https://publications.ashp.org/previewpdf/display/book/9781585287048/chapter022.xml", "what_it_supports": "Practice distinction among glass, Wedgwood and porcelain mortars; matched pestle-mortar wear; lactose dusting of porous surfaces.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "usp-795-via-mdpi", "title": "Quality-by-Design Compounding of Semisolids Using an Electronic Mortar and Pestle - Pharmaceutics (MDPI)", "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/18/2/205", "what_it_supports": "USP <795> requirements that compounding equipment be suitable, non-reactive, non-adsorptive and non-additive; electronic mortar-and-pestle (Unguator) jar range.", "url_status": "blocked" }, { "id": "dab-retsch", "title": "Mortar and disc mills brochure - Retsch / Lab Unlimited", "url": "https://www.labunlimited.co.uk/pdf/brochure_mortar_disc_mills_en.pdf", "what_it_supports": "German Pharmacopoeia (DAB) stipulation of hard-porcelain grinding sets; agate composition and Mohs hardness.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "foundation-pharmacy", "title": "Foundation in Pharmacy Practice - Pharmaceutical Press (2008)", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Glass versus porcelain selection, matching flat or rounded pestle and mortar, and use for emulsions and particle-size reduction." }, { "id": "nlm-handbook", "title": "Handbook of Pharmacy (historical) - U.S. National Library of Medicine", "url": "https://collections.nlm.nih.gov/ocr/nlm:nlmuid-61570240R-bk", "what_it_supports": "Iron/bronze, Wedgwood, porcelain, glass and agate types; trituration motion; pestle-handle cement failure.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "suribachi-wikipedia", "title": "Suribachi - Wikipedia (Wikimedia Foundation)", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suribachi", "what_it_supports": "Japanese suribachi/surikogi form, kushi-no-me interior, wooden pestle, 10-30 cm bowl diameter, and distinction from usu/kine.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "atk-mortars", "title": "The Best Mortars and Pestles of 2025 - America's Test Kitchen", "url": "https://www.americastestkitchen.com/equipment_reviews/2140-mortars-and-pestles", "what_it_supports": "Kitchen-practice distinction among European, Thai granite and Mexican molcajete forms (wall height, grinding floor, legs).", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "ird-molcajete", "title": "Sequences of molcajete production (Purépecha workshop ethnography) - IRD", "url": "https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/2025-06/010093484.pdf", "what_it_supports": "Typical molcajete bowl diameter 15-20 cm (range about 10 cm to 1 m) and three-legged form.", "url_status": "live" } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "paired-working-geometry", "name": "Paired working geometry", "description": "How the vessel and handheld implement form a usable mortar-and-pestle set.", "rationale": "Recognition and usability depend on the relationship between two components, not merely their individual shapes.", "layers": [ { "id": "component-identity", "name": "Component identity", "description": "Identifies the mortar, pestle and evidence that they belong in this working relationship.", "findings": [ { "id": "set-completeness-and-pairing", "name": "Set completeness and pairing", "description": "Record which components are present and whether their pairing is documented, assessed or unknown.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which component is the mortar and which is the pestle, and what working features establish those roles?", "kind": "definition", "id": "set-completeness-and-pairing-q01" }, { "text": "Were these components supplied together, paired later or found without pairing evidence?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "set-completeness-and-pairing-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "contact-and-clearance", "name": "Contact and clearance", "description": "Describes whether the pestle can work the charge throughout the relevant interior.", "findings": [ { "id": "usable-motion-envelope", "name": "Usable motion envelope", "description": "Record reach, contact regions, hand clearance and geometrical restrictions on pestle movement.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the mortar's interior dimensions and the pestle's length and working-end dimensions?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "usable-motion-envelope-q01" }, { "text": "Can the pestle reach the intended working regions without its shaft or the user's hand being obstructed by the rim?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "usable-motion-envelope-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "substance-contact-surfaces", "name": "Substance-contact surfaces", "description": "The construction and texture of surfaces that contact the charge.", "rationale": "Suitability depends on both components' exposed surfaces, including coatings and uncertain material identities.", "layers": [ { "id": "contact-construction", "name": "Contact construction", "description": "Identifies the exposed materials separately from the apparent bulk material.", "findings": [ { "id": "material-and-coating-evidence", "name": "Material and coating evidence", "description": "Record material identifications, finishes and the evidence supporting them for each working surface.", "questions": [ { "text": "What evidence identifies the mortar interior and pestle working-end materials, including any lining or coating?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "material-and-coating-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Which surface properties or manufacturer restrictions must be established before contact with the proposed substance?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "material-and-coating-evidence-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "surface-engagement", "name": "Surface engagement", "description": "Describes the texture and contact pattern through which the pair works material.", "findings": [ { "id": "texture-and-charge-engagement", "name": "Texture and charge engagement", "description": "Record observed working-surface texture and task evidence about how the charge behaves between the surfaces.", "questions": [ { "text": "Where are the mortar and pestle surfaces smooth, textured or uneven, and how was this assessed?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "texture-and-charge-engagement-q01" }, { "text": "Does a suitable task assessment show the charge being worked, slipping away or becoming trapped outside effective contact?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "texture-and-charge-engagement-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "charge-and-working-method", "name": "Charge and working method", "description": "Relates a specified charge to feasible motions, batch size and material recovery.", "rationale": "A set's useful capacity and processing capability cannot be inferred from vessel size alone.", "layers": [ { "id": "operation-fit", "name": "Operation fit", "description": "Matches the proposed processing action to the set and substance.", "findings": [ { "id": "supported-working-motion", "name": "Supported working motion", "description": "Record the intended motion and the evidence that the set can tolerate and perform it.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the task require pressing, pounding, circular grinding, mixing or a sequence of these motions?", "kind": "action", "id": "supported-working-motion-q01" }, { "text": "What instructions or task evidence establish which motions and force levels are suitable for this pair?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "supported-working-motion-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "batch-control-and-recovery", "name": "Batch control and recovery", "description": "Captures workable charge size, escape and retained material.", "findings": [ { "id": "usable-charge-and-transfer", "name": "Usable charge and transfer", "description": "Record a task-specific charge range and how processed material can be removed from the interior and pestle.", "questions": [ { "text": "What charge mass or volume leaves enough working space for the chosen motion without unacceptable spill, splash or particle escape?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "usable-charge-and-transfer-q01" }, { "text": "How will the processed charge be recovered, and what material remains on the pestle or within the mortar?", "kind": "action", "id": "usable-charge-and-transfer-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "working-integrity-and-support", "name": "Working integrity and support", "description": "Condition of the loaded components and their stability during manual operation.", "rationale": "Repeated contact and applied force require assessment of both working-surface integrity and control of the vessel and pestle.", "layers": [ { "id": "damage-and-wear", "name": "Damage and wear", "description": "Locates deterioration where it can affect the charge or the component's ability to withstand use.", "findings": [ { "id": "working-surface-and-body-defects", "name": "Working-surface and body defects", "description": "Record defects in the mortar body, rim and interior and in the pestle shaft and working end.", "questions": [ { "text": "Where are cracks, chips, coating loss, loose particles or changed wear patterns visible or otherwise detected?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "working-surface-and-body-defects-q01" }, { "text": "Which observed defects require withdrawal or further assessment under the applicable use criteria?", "kind": "action", "id": "working-surface-and-body-defects-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "manual-control", "name": "Manual control", "description": "Assesses support, grip and clearance under the intended working motion.", "findings": [ { "id": "vessel-stability-and-pestle-grip", "name": "Vessel stability and pestle grip", "description": "Record whether the mortar stays controlled and the pestle can be held and moved reliably in the proposed setup.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the mortar rock, slide or tip on the intended support during the proposed operation?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "vessel-stability-and-pestle-grip-q01" }, { "text": "What support arrangement and grip permit controlled pestle motion with adequate hand clearance?", "kind": "action", "id": "vessel-stability-and-pestle-grip-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "contact-history-and-readiness", "name": "Contact history and readiness", "description": "Prior charges, retained residues and the evidence needed to release the set for its next task.", "rationale": "The same physical pair may be suitable for one use and unsuitable for another because of its contact history and cleaning limits.", "layers": [ { "id": "prior-charge-exposure", "name": "Prior charge exposure", "description": "Tracks substance contact across both components and any dedicated-use boundary.", "findings": [ { "id": "shared-contact-history", "name": "Shared contact history", "description": "Record prior uses of each component, including mismatched histories after replacement or re-pairing.", "questions": [ { "text": "What substances have contacted each component, and which parts of that history are undocumented?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "shared-contact-history-q01" }, { "text": "Does either component carry a dedicated-use restriction that excludes the proposed charge?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "shared-contact-history-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "cleaning-and-release", "name": "Cleaning and release", "description": "Connects cleaning evidence and remaining uncertainty to a specific next-use decision.", "findings": [ { "id": "next-charge-readiness", "name": "Next-charge readiness", "description": "Record the supported cleaning method, its completion and the criteria used to judge readiness for the next charge.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which cleaning and drying method is supported for these surfaces and the residues of the previous charge?", "kind": "action", "id": "next-charge-readiness-q01" }, { "text": "What inspection or verification is required before this pair can be released for the named next use?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "next-charge-readiness-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Porcelain or Wedgwood pharmacy mortar (rough interior for pulverising; smooth for mixing)", "Glass mortar (solutions, stains, corrosives, oily or antineoplastic substances)", "Metal mortar (iron, bronze, brass or stainless steel, for hard or fibrous plant material)", "Agate or other hard-stone laboratory mortar (minerals, ores, abrasion-sensitive analysis)", "Melamine-resin or plastic mixing mortar (agglomerate breakup; not for pulverising)", "Granite kitchen mortar, including the tall Thai khrok used for pounding pastes", "Molcajete (vesicular volcanic-basalt kitchen mortar, typically three-legged, with tejolote)", "Suribachi with wooden surikogi (Japanese ribbed ceramic grinding bowl)" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of mortar and pestle this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Wikidata", "value_or_pattern": "Q18341850", "note": "Item for the grinding bowl-and-pestle set; not the artillery mortar or masonry mortar." }, { "scheme": "Google Product Taxonomy", "value_or_pattern": "3999", "note": "Home & Garden > Kitchen & Dining > Kitchen Tools & Utensils > Mortars & Pestles." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of mortar and pestle this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "USP <795> Pharmaceutical Compounding - Nonsterile Preparations (United States Pharmacopeial Convention): compounding equipment must be suitable and shown not to be reactive, additive or adsorptive.", "Deutsches Arzneibuch / German Pharmacopoeia (DAB): hard-porcelain grinding sets stipulated for pharmaceutical and homeopathic preparation." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of mortar and pestle this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Pharmacy compounding: trituration of crystals, geometric dilution of powders, and preparation of emulsions, ointments, suspensions and small granulates.", "Kitchen work: grinding spices and seeds, pounding curry pastes, making pesto, guacamole and salsa.", "Analytical and solid-state chemistry: pulverising small mineral or chemical charges, sometimes wet with acetone or alcohol.", "Tablet crushing in care settings and drug-checking services, including porcelain, stainless-steel and disposable-cup designs.", "Pigment and ceramic work: grinding colourants, binders and grog.", "Electronic mortar-and-pestle systems (e.g. Unguator) used in compounding pharmacies for closed-jar mixing of semisolids." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of mortar and pestle this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Kitchen/laboratory bowl diameter", "typical_range": "10-30", "unit": "cm" }, { "quantity": "Molcajete bowl diameter (typical workshop range)", "typical_range": "15-20 (extremes ~10-100)", "unit": "cm" }, { "quantity": "Household stone-set mass", "typical_range": "4-9", "unit": "kg" }, { "quantity": "Practical lower particle size by hand grinding", "typical_range": "30-50", "unit": "µm" }, { "quantity": "Feed size for which mortar grinding is useful", "typical_range": ">100", "unit": "µm" }, { "quantity": "Charge lost to porcelain walls", "typical_range": "2-5", "unit": "%" }, { "quantity": "Agate grinding-set hardness", "typical_range": "6.5-7.0", "unit": "Mohs" }, { "quantity": "Electronic mortar-and-pestle jar volume", "typical_range": "20-500", "unit": "mL" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of mortar and pestle this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Glass and porcelain fracture from impact or rapid heating.", "Abrasion of the mortar contaminating the sample (porcelain is often unsuitable for solid-state synthesis).", "Porous or rough walls retaining powder (dose loss and cross-contamination between preparations).", "Electrostatic charging on melamine-resin mortars, throwing powder into extraction airflow.", "Volcanic-stone grit shedding into food if the molcajete is unfinished or damaged.", "Worn-smooth contact surfaces, or swapping a pestle onto a mortar it has not been worn to, reducing grinding contact.", "Agglomeration when already-fine powders (<~100 µm) are ground.", "Loosening of composite pestle handles (wood set in resin) contaminating the charge.", "Musculoskeletal strain from lifting heavy stone sets.", "Misuse to grind tablets for insufflation." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of mortar and pestle this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Mesoamerica: molcajete and tejolote in vesicular basalt, usually three-legged and relatively wide and shallow.", "Japan: suribachi (ribbed ceramic) with wooden surikogi for sesame and condiments; a separate large usu and kine pound rice.", "Thailand and mainland Southeast Asia: heavy granite khrok, taller and narrower, used with a pounding stroke for fibrous curry pastes.", "Mediterranean and European kitchens: marble or ceramic bowls, often for pesto and dry spices.", "German and wider European pharmacy: DAB porcelain sets; the mortar and pestle remains a shop emblem.", "English-speaking pharmacy: Wedgwood-type porcelain with a wooden or polymer pestle handle, in use since 1759." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of mortar and pestle this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Metate and mano", "difference": "A saddle or slab quern: grinding is on an open, often inclined table, not inside a bowl with a pestle." }, { "name": "Quern-stone or rotary mill", "difference": "Two millstones rotating against each other; no hand pestle working a mortar cavity." }, { "name": "Muddler", "difference": "A bar tool for bruising fruit or herbs in a drinking glass; it is not paired to a grinding bowl and is not intended to reduce particle size to a powder." }, { "name": "Usu and kine", "difference": "A large Japanese rice-pounding mortar and mallet; related in principle but much larger and used for pounding, not fine trituration." }, { "name": "Masonry mortar", "difference": "A cementitious binding paste; a homonym, not a tool." }, { "name": "Infantry / artillery mortar", "difference": "A smoothbore weapon; a homonym, not a grinding instrument (separate Wikidata class)." }, { "name": "Spice mill or impact mill", "difference": "Rotary cutting or beating action; can go finer than a hand mortar (~30-50 µm practical floor) and does not rely on a matched pestle curvature." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of mortar and pestle this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Which registry boundary should apply to decorative miniatures, very large pounding vessels and mechanically driven pestle arrangements?", "Which authoritative material-specific guidance establishes substance compatibility, cleaning limits and any initial surface preparation requirements?", "What defensible assessment method establishes usable charge ranges and processing capability without assigning universal capacities or particle-size outcomes?", "Which damage and wear criteria justify continued use, replacement of one component or retirement of the entire pair?", "What evidence is sufficient to clear an unknown or mixed contact history for food, pharmaceutical or analytical use?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 18, "questions": 28 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "device, machine or tool", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a mortar and pestle, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to recognise a mortar-and-pestle set, assess its fitness for a proposed substance and operation, and decide whether to use, clean, repair, replace or withdraw it.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "manufactured", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: apothecary mortar, Mihbaj, Suribachi.", "3 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 91 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a mortar and pestle, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by form, by the arrangement of its controls, and by markings - a plate, a model number, a certification mark. Form alone rarely separates two models that do very different things." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "apothecary mortar", "Mihbaj", "Suribachi" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 91 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 3 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one mortar and pestle from another, and a mortar and pestle from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a mortar and pestle, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a mortar and pestle, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a mortar and pestle is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a mortar and pestle, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a mortar and pestle, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a mortar and pestle is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a mortar and pestle sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a mortar and pestle, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a mortar and pestle, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a mortar and pestle is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a mortar and pestle from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a mortar and pestle, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a mortar and pestle, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a mortar and pestle is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a mortar and pestle is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a mortar and pestle, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a mortar and pestle, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a mortar and pestle is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a mortar and pestle is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a mortar and pestle, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a mortar and pestle, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a mortar and pestle is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a mortar and pestle is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a mortar and pestle, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a mortar and pestle, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a mortar and pestle is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a mortar and pestle is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a mortar and pestle is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a mortar and pestle, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a mortar and pestle, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a mortar and pestle is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a mortar and pestle is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a mortar and pestle, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a mortar and pestle, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a mortar and pestle is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a mortar and pestle passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a mortar and pestle between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a mortar and pestle, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a mortar and pestle, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a mortar and pestle is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a mortar and pestle, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a mortar and pestle is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a mortar and pestle, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a mortar and pestle, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a mortar and pestle is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "function-and-principle", "name": "Function and operating principle", "description": "What mortar and pestle is for and how it achieves it.", "rationale": "Two devices with the same name can work on different principles, and the principle is what predicts failure and constrains use.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-function", "name": "Intended function", "description": "The job it does, and the jobs it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-record", "name": "Function, principle and variants", "description": "What it does, how, and which variants do it differently.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-record-q01", "text": "What function does mortar and pestle perform, on what operating principle, and which variants differ in that principle?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "function-record-q02", "text": "What use falls outside the intended function but happens in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "capacity-and-rating", "name": "Capacity and rating", "description": "The numbers that say what it can do and where it stops.", "findings": [ { "id": "ratings", "name": "Ratings and their conditions", "description": "Rated capacity, power, throughput and the conditions each assumes.", "questions": [ { "id": "ratings-q01", "text": "What ratings characterise mortar and pestle, in what units, and under what stated conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "ratings-q02", "text": "What happens beyond the rating - degradation, refusal, damage - and how is that detected?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "operation-and-state", "name": "Operation, controls and state", "description": "How mortar and pestle is operated and what state it is in right now.", "rationale": "An agent acting on a device needs its current state and the controls that change it, not just its specification.", "layers": [ { "id": "controls-and-modes", "name": "Controls and modes", "description": "What can be set, what that changes, and what is interlocked.", "findings": [ { "id": "control-surface", "name": "Control surface and interlocks", "description": "The settings available and the conditions that block them.", "questions": [ { "id": "control-surface-q01", "text": "What controls and modes does mortar and pestle have, and what does each change?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "control-surface-q02", "text": "Which actions are interlocked or forbidden in which state, and what must be true before acting?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-maintenance", "name": "Condition and maintenance", "description": "Wear, service intervals, consumables and the line between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "service-record", "name": "Condition, service and consumables", "description": "What is consumed, what is serviced, and how condition is judged.", "questions": [ { "id": "service-record-q01", "text": "What consumables and service does mortar and pestle need, at what interval, and on whose authority?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "service-record-q02", "text": "What evidence separates a unit that is working from one that is out of service?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "kind-model-unit", "name": "Kind, model and unit", "description": "Whether a claim about mortar and pestle is about the kind, a product line, or one physical unit.", "rationale": "This is the boundary most often got wrong for made things, and getting it wrong mixes a catalogue entry with the machine in the yard.", "layers": [ { "id": "level-of-reference", "name": "Level of reference", "description": "The three levels and what belongs at each.", "findings": [ { "id": "level-rules", "name": "What belongs to kind, model and unit", "description": "Which properties are shared by all of them and which are not.", "questions": [ { "id": "level-rules-q01", "text": "Which facts about mortar and pestle hold for every one of them, which for a model, and which only for one unit?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "level-rules-q02", "text": "What identifies an individual unit, and what should an agent do when it has only the kind?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "standards-and-conformity", "name": "Standards and conformity", "description": "The standards a working example must meet and who attests it.", "findings": [ { "id": "conformity", "name": "Standards, marks and attestation", "description": "Which standard applies, who certifies, and what the mark means.", "questions": [ { "id": "conformity-q01", "text": "Which standards govern mortar and pestle, issued by whom, and what does conformity actually assert?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "conformity-q02", "text": "What may an agent conclude from a certification mark, and what may it not?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a mortar and pestle came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a mortar and pestle and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a mortar and pestle, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a mortar and pestle, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a mortar and pestle is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a mortar and pestle is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a mortar and pestle, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a mortar and pestle, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a mortar and pestle is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }