{ "model": { "rank": 3263, "code": "thing-q183670", "model_id": "vr.tr.chalk", "name": "chalk", "purpose": "Enable an agent to identify chalk as a material, assess its composition and physical condition, and judge its suitability for a proposed use.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.MAT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q183670/", "tier": 2, "score": 88, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "Avesnes stone", "black chalk", "Totternhoe Stone", "red chalk" ], "aliasCount": 4, "merged": 4, "knownIn": 88, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.chalk-artifact", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q183670", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183670", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T14:17:14Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 25.5, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07c39-a75e-7c53-bc86-9c7add610c62\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: chalk\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.MAT\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 546 things:\n# Batch 003: 1001 registered", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 86.8, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07c39-a76d-7700-99d2-ca4ab28ffe6c\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: chalk\nRegistry id: vr.tr.chalk\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.MAT\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\n\nContext for " } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q183670", "registryId": "vr.tr.chalk", "name": "chalk", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.MAT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q183670/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.chalk", "name": "chalk", "purpose": "Enable an agent to identify chalk as a material, assess its composition and physical condition, and judge its suitability for a proposed use.", "definition": "Chalk is a soft, fine-grained, commonly white, porous marine limestone composed predominantly of calcite derived from microscopic calcareous organisms, especially coccoliths.", "scope_statement": "This model owns natural chalk as a carbonate sedimentary material and material samples or grades derived from it; it records commercial uses of the name 'chalk' without assuming that every chalk-labelled product contains geological chalk.", "in_scope": [ "Natural chalk in intact, fragmented and powdered material forms", "Mineral composition, carbonate content, impurities and processing additives", "Sedimentary identity, particle structure, porosity and mechanical behaviour", "Moisture, contamination, storage condition and batch variability", "Material grade, intended use and evidence supporting suitability", "Source provenance and composition-dependent safety documentation" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Chalk sticks, holders and other finished marking products as designed objects", "Gypsum, precipitated calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate as independently identified materials", "Quarrying, milling and manufacturing processes as activities", "Chalk formations, cliffs, aquifers and landscapes as geographic systems", "Writing, drawing, climbing and soil treatment as activities", "Pure calcium carbonate as a chemical species independent of geological origin" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Establish carbonate mineral composition: a pale powder or a 'chalk' label alone does not distinguish geological chalk from gypsum-based marking material or magnesium-carbonate climbing material.", "Look for sedimentary provenance and fine carbonate fabric, including microscopic biogenic remains where preserved; calcium carbonate content alone does not distinguish natural chalk from synthetic calcium carbonate.", "Assess fine grain size, friability and pore structure together with geological evidence to distinguish chalk from harder or differently textured limestones.", "Check for recrystallised fabric when distinguishing chalk from marble; colour and carbonate chemistry can overlap.", "Separate the underlying material from binders, pigments and shaped-product features when examining a manufactured chalk stick." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Material identity and name usage", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "natural chalk; processed natural chalk; chalk-containing mixture; chalk-labelled alternative; unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Prevents a commercial name from being treated as proof of geological or chemical identity." }, { "name": "Source and processing history", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "deposit, supplier, batch and documented crushing, milling, washing, drying or treatment steps", "why_it_matters": "Connects observed properties to origin and identifies processing that may alter composition or behaviour." }, { "name": "Mineral and additive composition", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "mass fraction in %, with analytical method, moisture basis and detection limits", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes carbonate material from substitutes and reveals impurities or additives relevant to use." }, { "name": "Material form", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "intact rock; fragments; granules; powder; slurry; bound material", "why_it_matters": "Determines which handling, sampling and performance tests are meaningful." }, { "name": "Particle-size distribution", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "µm or mm, with distribution statistics and measurement method", "why_it_matters": "Influences dust generation, texture, dispersion and reaction rate." }, { "name": "Density and porosity", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "density in kg/m³ and porosity in %, distinguishing particle, intact-rock and loose-bulk measurements", "why_it_matters": "Supports assessment of water uptake, packing and physical integrity without conflating different density measures." }, { "name": "Moisture content", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "mass fraction in %, with wet or dry basis and drying method", "why_it_matters": "Affects mass accounting, powder flow, caking and mechanical response." }, { "name": "Friability and mechanical integrity", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "test-specific abrasion loss in %, strength in MPa or another explicitly identified method result", "why_it_matters": "Indicates whether the material will crumble, shed particles or withstand its intended handling." }, { "name": "Grade and suitability evidence", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "declared grade linked to an intended use, specification, test results and applicable jurisdiction", "why_it_matters": "Prevents suitability for one application from being transferred to another without evidence." }, { "name": "Contamination and documentation state", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "assessed; suspected contamination; confirmed contamination; unassessed; documentation incomplete", "why_it_matters": "Makes unresolved material identity or quality visible before an agent recommends use." } ], "affordances": [ "Classify a sample as natural chalk, a processed derivative or a chalk-labelled alternative using composition and provenance evidence.", "Select representative sampling and testing appropriate to intact chalk, powder or a mixture.", "Compare a chalk batch against a specific marking, filler or neutralisation requirement.", "Assess the likely effects of drying, milling or mixing while recording changes to the material.", "Determine handling and storage measures from moisture behaviour, particle release and actual composition.", "Accept, restrict or defer a proposed use according to grade evidence and unresolved contaminants." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "chalk-identity", "name": "Chalk identity", "description": "Establish whether the material is geological chalk and resolve competing uses of the name.", "rationale": "Chalk names can refer to materials with different origins and chemistry, so recognition must precede suitability assessment.", "layers": [ { "id": "geological-recognition", "name": "Geological recognition", "description": "Evaluate mineral composition and sedimentary evidence together.", "findings": [ { "id": "carbonate-sedimentary-identity", "name": "Carbonate sedimentary identity", "description": "Record evidence supporting a natural chalk identification rather than identification from colour or carbonate content alone.", "questions": [ { "text": "What mineralogical, microscopic or geological evidence supports identifying this material as chalk?", "kind": "definition", "id": "carbonate-sedimentary-identity-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence distinguishes it from another fine limestone, marble or synthetic calcium carbonate?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "carbonate-sedimentary-identity-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "commercial-name-resolution", "name": "Commercial name resolution", "description": "Separate material identity from product naming and formulation.", "findings": [ { "id": "chalk-labelled-material", "name": "Chalk-labelled material", "description": "Record whether a chalk label describes natural chalk, a chalk-containing formulation or a chemically different substitute.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the label refer to geological chalk, a calcium-carbonate formulation, gypsum-based marking material or climbing chalk?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "chalk-labelled-material-q01" }, { "text": "Which supplier declaration or analysis establishes the material behind the label?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "chalk-labelled-material-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "composition-and-grade", "name": "Composition and grade", "description": "Characterise the carbonate fraction, accessory constituents and grade claims of a particular chalk batch.", "rationale": "Natural variability and processing mean that chalk cannot be assigned the purity or identity of a single chemical compound by default.", "layers": [ { "id": "mineral-and-added-constituents", "name": "Mineral and added constituents", "description": "Distinguish native mineral constituents from deliberate additions and contamination.", "findings": [ { "id": "batch-composition", "name": "Batch composition", "description": "Record measured carbonate content and relevant non-carbonate constituents with their analytical basis.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the measured carbonate and accessory-mineral fractions, and on what moisture basis are they reported?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "batch-composition-q01" }, { "text": "Which binders, pigments, surface treatments or contaminants are present beyond the natural rock constituents?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "batch-composition-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "grade-and-identifiers", "name": "Grade and identifiers", "description": "Connect grade declarations and chemical identifiers to their actual scope.", "findings": [ { "id": "qualified-grade-claim", "name": "Qualified grade claim", "description": "Keep a batch's declared grade separate from unverified assumptions based on the word chalk or a constituent identifier.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which specification defines the declared grade, and which batch results demonstrate compliance?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "qualified-grade-claim-q01" }, { "text": "Do supplied CAS, EC or other identifiers describe the whole material, a constituent or a commercial formulation?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "qualified-grade-claim-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "fabric-and-condition", "name": "Fabric and condition", "description": "Describe the chalk's physical structure and its present moisture and integrity state.", "rationale": "The behaviour of intact porous chalk differs from that of milled powder or bound marking material even when their carbonate contents are similar.", "layers": [ { "id": "rock-and-particle-structure", "name": "Rock and particle structure", "description": "Assess fabric, pore structure and particle size using methods appropriate to the sample form.", "findings": [ { "id": "form-specific-structure", "name": "Form-specific structure", "description": "Record the structural measurements that govern crumbling, packing, dispersion and liquid uptake.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is this intact chalk, a granular derivative or powder, and which particle-size or fabric measurements characterise it?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "form-specific-structure-q01" }, { "text": "What density, porosity and friability results are available, and were they measured on intact material or loose particles?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "form-specific-structure-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "moisture-and-deterioration", "name": "Moisture and deterioration", "description": "Assess changes caused by wetting, drying, storage and handling.", "findings": [ { "id": "current-material-condition", "name": "Current material condition", "description": "Record moisture and observable changes such as caking, fragmentation or foreign-material ingress.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is the current moisture content, and are there signs of caking, softening, fragmentation or contamination?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "current-material-condition-q01" }, { "text": "Does the observed condition require drying, segregation or retesting before the intended use?", "kind": "action", "id": "current-material-condition-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "use-specific-performance", "name": "Use-specific performance", "description": "Relate measured chalk properties to marking, filler and neutralisation applications.", "rationale": "A usable chalk grade is defined by the application; whiteness, abrasion, dispersion and chemical reactivity are different performance requirements.", "layers": [ { "id": "marking-and-filler-behaviour", "name": "Marking and filler behaviour", "description": "Evaluate particle transfer and incorporation into another material without modelling the finished product.", "findings": [ { "id": "surface-and-matrix-compatibility", "name": "Surface and matrix compatibility", "description": "Assess relevant attributes such as colour, grit, abrasion, dispersion and residue under specified use conditions.", "questions": [ { "text": "For the proposed surface or matrix, what limits apply to colour, coarse particles, abrasion and dispersion?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "surface-and-matrix-compatibility-q01" }, { "text": "Do application tests support use of this batch directly, after processing or only within a particular formulation?", "kind": "action", "id": "surface-and-matrix-compatibility-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "neutralisation-and-transformation", "name": "Neutralisation and transformation", "description": "Assess carbonate-related reactivity and distinguish processing from conversion into another material.", "findings": [ { "id": "reactivity-and-material-boundary", "name": "Reactivity and material boundary", "description": "Record measured neutralising performance and identify transformations that leave the chalk material category.", "questions": [ { "text": "What measured neutralising capacity and reaction-rate evidence apply at the proposed particle size and contact conditions?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "reactivity-and-material-boundary-q01" }, { "text": "Would the proposed chemical or thermal treatment convert the chalk into a different material that requires its own model?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "reactivity-and-material-boundary-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-handling", "name": "Provenance and handling", "description": "Connect a chalk batch to its origin, processing history and evidence needed for handling decisions.", "rationale": "Deposit variability, processing and dust generation can materially change what an agent may recommend for a chalk batch.", "layers": [ { "id": "deposit-to-batch-traceability", "name": "Deposit-to-batch traceability", "description": "Preserve the source and treatment history needed to interpret sample results.", "findings": [ { "id": "representative-batch-evidence", "name": "Representative batch evidence", "description": "Connect tests to a defined batch and establish whether sampling captures relevant variability.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which deposit or supplier batch produced this material, and what washing, milling, drying or blending occurred?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "representative-batch-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "How was the batch sampled, and do the results represent its possible variation in impurities, moisture and particle size?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "representative-batch-evidence-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "dust-and-use-restrictions", "name": "Dust and use restrictions", "description": "Determine handling requirements from the actual material and activity rather than a generic chalk classification.", "findings": [ { "id": "composition-specific-handling", "name": "Composition-specific handling", "description": "Link particle-release evidence, relevant constituents and applicable documentation to handling and use decisions.", "questions": [ { "text": "What airborne-particle evidence and constituent analyses are available for the proposed handling activity, including crystalline silica where relevant?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "composition-specific-handling-q01" }, { "text": "Which current safety documentation, exposure limits and use-specific requirements apply to this batch in the intended jurisdiction?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "composition-specific-handling-q02" }, { "text": "What handling controls or use restrictions follow from that evidence, and what decisions must wait for missing results?", "kind": "action", "id": "composition-specific-handling-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "The geological material sense is assumed because no sense was recorded; manufactured chalk products require separate composition and grade information.", "Bulk density, porosity, strength and purity require deposit-specific measurements; the listed mineral properties are not bulk-rock specifications.", "Applicable exposure limits, hazard classifications and product standards require verification for the jurisdiction, impurities and intended use." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of chalk this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "White chalk", "Marly chalk", "Flint-bearing chalk" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of chalk this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "CAS Registry Number", "value_or_pattern": "471-34-1", "note": "Identifies calcium carbonate, chalk's principal chemical constituent; it does not specify the composition or grade of a natural chalk deposit." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of chalk this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Raw material for cement and lime manufacture", "Ground agricultural limestone for reducing soil acidity", "Processed mineral filler in paints, plastics and other manufactured materials", "Whiting for putties and surface preparations", "Calcium-carbonate-based writing and marking sticks" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of chalk this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Hardness of the constituent calcite mineral", "typical_range": "3", "unit": "Mohs scale" }, { "quantity": "Density of the constituent calcite mineral, excluding rock pores", "typical_range": "Approximately 2.71", "unit": "g/cm³" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of chalk this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Cutting, crushing and handling can generate airborne dust that irritates eyes and respiratory passages.", "Silica-bearing impurities can introduce respirable crystalline silica hazards during processing.", "Friability can cause crumbling, abrasion and poor durability in exposed applications.", "Acids dissolve the carbonate component and release carbon dioxide.", "Heating sufficiently strongly decomposes calcium carbonate into calcium oxide and carbon dioxide; the resulting quicklime has substantially different hazards." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of chalk this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Deposit composition varies geographically, including clay content, flint occurrence, porosity and carbonate purity.", "Commercial products called chalk may contain calcium carbonate, gypsum or magnesium carbonate, depending on application and local usage." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of chalk this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Limestone", "difference": "Chalk is a particular fine-grained, typically porous biogenic limestone; limestone includes many other textures and origins." }, { "name": "Calcite", "difference": "Calcite is a mineral species; chalk is a rock composed predominantly of that mineral." }, { "name": "Calcium carbonate", "difference": "Calcium carbonate is a chemical compound; natural chalk has a geological texture and may contain other minerals." }, { "name": "Writing chalk", "difference": "Writing chalk is a manufactured marking product whose composition need not be natural geological chalk." }, { "name": "Gymnastics chalk", "difference": "Gymnastics chalk is generally magnesium-carbonate-based material used to improve grip." }, { "name": "Marl", "difference": "Marl contains a substantial clay component mixed with carbonate; marly chalk approaches this compositional boundary." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of chalk this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does vr.tr.chalk intend geological chalk specifically, or also chalk-labelled marking and climbing materials whose chemistry differs?", "Which authoritative geological criteria should govern borderline identification between chalk and other fine-grained limestones?", "Which sources and test methods should establish representative property ranges without treating variable natural chalk as a pure compound?", "Which grade specifications and jurisdiction-specific identifiers apply to the intended chalk uses, and which attach only to particular constituents or formulations?", "What deposit-specific impurity and dust evidence is needed before handling or application suitability can be settled for an actual batch?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 18, "questions": 29 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "chemical substance or material", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a chalk, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to identify chalk as a material, assess its composition and physical condition, and judge its suitability for a proposed use.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "natural", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured", "consumed or used up" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: Avesnes stone, black chalk, Totternhoe Stone, red chalk.", "4 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 88 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a chalk, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state", "use it up, and then need more of it" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Not recognisable by sight in any reliable way. Appearance varies with grade, form and additives; identification is by label, by documentation, or by assay." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "Avesnes stone", "black chalk", "Totternhoe Stone", "red chalk" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 88 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 4 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one chalk from another, and a chalk from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a chalk, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a chalk, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a chalk is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a chalk, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a chalk, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a chalk is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a chalk sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a chalk, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a chalk, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a chalk is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a chalk from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a chalk, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a chalk, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a chalk is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a chalk is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a chalk, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a chalk, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a chalk is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a chalk is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a chalk, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a chalk, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a chalk is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a chalk is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a chalk, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a chalk, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a chalk is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a chalk is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a chalk is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a chalk, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a chalk, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a chalk is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a chalk is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a chalk, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a chalk, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a chalk is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a chalk passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a chalk between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a chalk, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a chalk, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a chalk is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a chalk, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a chalk is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a chalk, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a chalk, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a chalk is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "use-and-operation", "name": "Use and operation", "description": "What can be done with a chalk and what it takes to do it.", "rationale": "An agent that can recognise a thing but not act on it has only half a model.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-use", "name": "Intended use and function", "description": "What a chalk is for, and what it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-and-purpose", "name": "Function, purpose and misuse", "description": "The function a chalk performs and the uses that fall outside it.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-and-purpose-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the use of a chalk, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "function-and-purpose-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the use of a chalk, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "function-and-purpose-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the use of a chalk is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "handling-and-procedure", "name": "Handling and procedure", "description": "The steps, skills and tools involved in using a chalk.", "findings": [ { "id": "procedures-and-skills", "name": "Procedures, skills and required tools", "description": "What an agent needs before it can act on a chalk at all.", "questions": [ { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes handling a chalk, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about handling a chalk, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once handling a chalk is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "supply-and-consumption", "name": "Supply and consumption", "description": "Quantities, rates and what running out means.", "findings": [ { "id": "consumption-and-stock", "name": "Consumption, stock and replenishment", "description": "How much of a chalk there is and how fast it goes.", "questions": [ { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the supply of a chalk, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the supply of a chalk, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the supply of a chalk is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "composition-and-identity", "name": "Composition, grade and chemical identity", "description": "What chalk is made of and how pure the thing in hand is.", "rationale": "Grade decides what a substance may be used for, so a model that records only the name cannot support any decision about use.", "layers": [ { "id": "chemical-identity", "name": "Chemical identity", "description": "Formula, structure and the registry numbers that name it unambiguously.", "findings": [ { "id": "identity-record", "name": "Identity and registry numbers", "description": "What identifies this substance across suppliers and regulators.", "questions": [ { "id": "identity-record-q01", "text": "What formula, structure and registry identifiers name chalk unambiguously?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "identity-record-q02", "text": "Which related substances share a name in common use but not an identifier?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "grade-and-impurities", "name": "Grade, purity and impurities", "description": "The specification a batch meets and what else is in it.", "findings": [ { "id": "specification", "name": "Specification and assay", "description": "How purity is stated and measured, and which impurities matter.", "questions": [ { "id": "specification-q01", "text": "What grades of chalk exist, how is purity assayed, and which impurities are limited?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "specification-q02", "text": "Which use requires which grade, and what happens when a lower grade is substituted?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "properties-and-behaviour", "name": "Properties and behaviour", "description": "How chalk behaves under conditions an agent can measure or change.", "rationale": "Physical constants are the part of a substance model that transfers between contexts, and each needs its unit and its conditions.", "layers": [ { "id": "physical-constants", "name": "Physical constants", "description": "Values that hold for the pure substance, with their conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "constants-record", "name": "Constants and conditions", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the state they apply in.", "questions": [ { "id": "constants-record-q01", "text": "What are the defining physical constants of chalk, in what units and under what conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "constants-record-q02", "text": "Which of these values change with grade or form rather than being fixed?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "stability-and-reactivity", "name": "Stability and reactivity", "description": "What it reacts with, degrades into, and how it is stored.", "findings": [ { "id": "incompatibilities", "name": "Incompatibilities and degradation", "description": "What must not meet it, and what it becomes over time.", "questions": [ { "id": "incompatibilities-q01", "text": "What is chalk incompatible with, and what does it degrade into under storage?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "incompatibilities-q02", "text": "What storage and handling does that require, and who is competent to do it?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "hazard-and-regulation", "name": "Hazard classification and regulation", "description": "How chalk can harm, and what the law says about holding and moving it.", "rationale": "A substance model without its hazard class and its regulatory identity is unusable in exactly the situations that matter.", "layers": [ { "id": "hazard-class", "name": "Hazard classification", "description": "Classified hazards, exposure limits and protective measures.", "findings": [ { "id": "classified-hazards", "name": "Classified hazards and limits", "description": "The classification, the scheme it belongs to, and the limits set.", "questions": [ { "id": "classified-hazards-q01", "text": "How is chalk classified for hazard, under which scheme, and what exposure limits apply?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "classified-hazards-q02", "text": "What protection does handling require, and what must an agent refuse to do without it?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "regulatory-identity", "name": "Regulatory identity and control", "description": "Registration, restriction and transport rules by jurisdiction.", "findings": [ { "id": "controls", "name": "Controls and jurisdiction", "description": "Where it is restricted and what the restriction attaches to.", "questions": [ { "id": "controls-q01", "text": "Which registrations, restrictions or transport rules cover chalk, and where?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "controls-q02", "text": "Does the control attach to the substance, its concentration, or its intended use?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a chalk came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a chalk and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a chalk, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a chalk, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a chalk is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a chalk is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a chalk, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a chalk, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a chalk is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 9, "layers": 20, "findings": 22, "questions": 60 } } } }