{ "model": { "rank": 4885, "code": "thing-q184138", "model_id": "vr.tr.arabian-horse", "name": "Arabian horse", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise an Arabian horse, assess breed identity and individual condition, and support evidence-based breeding, care and use decisions.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.LIV", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q184138/", "tier": 2, "score": 71, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "Egyptian Arabian", "Al Khamsa", "Koheilan" ], "aliasCount": 3, "merged": 3, "knownIn": 71, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q184138", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184138", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T21:12:20Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 23.1, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08802-bdac-71d3-a7e3-13854f691350\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: Arabian horse\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.LIV\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 1001 things:\n# Batch 005: 1001 r", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 65.1, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08802-bdb4-7e70-a4f7-0c3e7d6e05db\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: Arabian horse\nRegistry id: vr.tr.arabian-horse\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.LIV\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q184138", "registryId": "vr.tr.arabian-horse", "name": "Arabian horse", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.LIV" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q184138/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.arabian-horse", "name": "Arabian horse", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise an Arabian horse, assess breed identity and individual condition, and support evidence-based breeding, care and use decisions.", "definition": "The Arabian horse is a breed of domestic horse associated historically with the Arabian Peninsula, distinguished by pedigreed ancestry, a typically refined head and high tail carriage, and a long history of selection for riding and endurance.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the Arabian horse as a domestic horse breed, distinguishing breed-level descriptions, breeding populations and individual animals; it adds Arabian-specific identity, conformation, ancestry and inherited-health considerations to a general horse model.", "in_scope": [ "Arabian breed identity, documented ancestry and registration status", "Breed-associated conformation and variation among individual horses", "Arabian breeding populations, geographic distribution and genetic diversity", "Individual life stage, reproductive status and inherited-health evidence", "Suitability and welfare considerations for an Arabian horse's intended use" ], "out_of_scope": [ "General horse anatomy, nutrition and routine husbandry already owned by a horse model", "Other horse breeds and separate models for Arabian-derived breeds", "Part-Arabian horses as members of the purebred Arabian population", "Registry organisations, breed societies and competition rules as institutions", "Ownership transactions, market valuation and equestrian occupations" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Treat Arabian as a breed designation within domestic horses, not as a separate species or a species-level conservation unit.", "Distinguish a documented Arabian from a horse merely described as Arabian-looking by checking identity-linked pedigree and the relevant registry's eligibility rules.", "Assess the characteristic head profile, neck carriage and tail carriage together; appearance alone cannot establish ancestry.", "Separate purebred registration, part-Arabian ancestry and Arabian-derived breed membership rather than treating them as interchangeable.", "Distinguish geographic origin, a named bloodline and an individual horse's birthplace; none independently proves breed eligibility." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Entity level", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "breed | breeding population | individual", "why_it_matters": "Prevents population descriptions and genetic frequencies from being assigned directly to an individual." }, { "name": "Breed identity evidence", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "documented | provisional | disputed | unknown, with evidence", "why_it_matters": "Separates verified ancestry from visual identification or an unsupported label." }, { "name": "Registration and pedigree", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "registry, studbook identifier, recorded parents and verification records", "why_it_matters": "Makes the breed claim traceable to a particular horse and a particular registration system." }, { "name": "Bloodline or strain attribution", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "attribution as recorded, naming tradition, source and uncertainty", "why_it_matters": "Preserves lineage terminology without treating every historical label as a genetically discrete group." }, { "name": "Conformation observations", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "documented head, neck, topline, limb and tail-carriage observations", "why_it_matters": "Supports breed description while keeping functional soundness separate from aesthetic preference." }, { "name": "Height at withers", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "cm, with age, date and measurement method", "why_it_matters": "Allows comparison with a cited breed standard without making size alone a breed test." }, { "name": "Life stage and reproductive status", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "age or estimated age; juvenile | adult | senior; sex and reproductive status", "why_it_matters": "Conditions interpretation of conformation, training demands and breeding options." }, { "name": "Inherited-condition test evidence", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "condition, variant, laboratory, sample identity, date and reported result", "why_it_matters": "Supports condition-specific decisions without equating an untested horse with a clear result." }, { "name": "Breeding relatedness", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "pedigree or genomic relatedness estimate, method and reference population", "why_it_matters": "Supports mating decisions and monitoring of diversity within Arabian breeding populations." }, { "name": "Individual work capacity", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "intended discipline, training history, soundness findings and observed recovery", "why_it_matters": "Prevents breed reputation from substituting for evidence of an individual horse's readiness." } ], "affordances": [ "Check an Arabian identity claim against identity-linked registration and pedigree evidence.", "Compare observed conformation with a specified Arabian breed standard while recording functional concerns separately.", "Identify missing ancestry or inherited-condition evidence before considering a breeding pair.", "Assess whether an individual's condition and training support a proposed riding, showing or breeding activity.", "Track ancestry representation and relatedness across an Arabian breeding population.", "Route unresolved health, identity or eligibility questions to the appropriate veterinarian, laboratory or registry." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "breed-identity-and-boundaries", "name": "Breed identity and boundaries", "description": "Establishes what an Arabian designation means and which entity it describes.", "rationale": "The main identification risk is confusing a breed, an individual, an ancestry contribution and a visual type.", "layers": [ { "id": "breed-placement", "name": "Breed placement", "description": "Places Arabian within a domestic horse model without inventing a separate taxon.", "findings": [ { "id": "breed-not-species", "name": "Breed rather than species", "description": "Record the parent horse taxon separately from the Arabian breed designation and distinguish breed, population and individual records.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does this record describe the Arabian breed, a defined breeding population or one identified horse?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "breed-not-species-q01" }, { "text": "Which taxonomic authority supplies the parent horse name, authority, date and identifiers, and how are these kept separate from breed identifiers?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "breed-not-species-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "registration-evidence", "name": "Registration evidence", "description": "Connects an individual breed claim to documented identity and ancestry.", "findings": [ { "id": "arabian-eligibility", "name": "Arabian eligibility", "description": "Record the applicable registry, its eligibility criteria and evidence linking its records to the animal.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which registry and rule version support this horse's Arabian registration or eligibility?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "arabian-eligibility-q01" }, { "text": "Do pedigree and identity records support purebred Arabian status, part-Arabian ancestry or another breed designation?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "arabian-eligibility-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "arabian-type-and-function", "name": "Arabian type and function", "description": "Describes breed-associated appearance while distinguishing type from health and soundness.", "rationale": "Recognisable Arabian features can guide description but cannot independently establish ancestry or functional fitness.", "layers": [ { "id": "conformation-description", "name": "Conformation description", "description": "Records observable features against an explicitly identified breed standard.", "findings": [ { "id": "type-as-evidence", "name": "Type as descriptive evidence", "description": "Describe head profile, neck carriage, body proportions and tail carriage without converting resemblance into pedigree proof.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which observed features support an Arabian-type description, and which cited standard defines the comparison?", "kind": "definition", "id": "type-as-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "How were height, proportions and posture recorded, and could age, presentation or camera angle affect the observations?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "type-as-evidence-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "functional-assessment", "name": "Functional assessment", "description": "Separates aesthetic evaluation from movement, comfort and clinical evidence.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-before-preference", "name": "Functional consequences of conformation", "description": "Record whether observed features have documented functional consequences rather than assuming that greater expression of breed type is beneficial.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is there individual evidence of breathing, dental, locomotor or comfort limitations relevant to the observed conformation?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "function-before-preference-q01" }, { "text": "Which findings require veterinary assessment before the horse is selected for work, showing or breeding?", "kind": "action", "id": "function-before-preference-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "ancestry-populations-and-distribution", "name": "Ancestry, populations and distribution", "description": "Tracks Arabian lineage claims, population boundaries and geographic context.", "rationale": "Historical origin, bloodline terminology and modern breeding location describe different aspects of an Arabian horse.", "layers": [ { "id": "lineage-provenance", "name": "Lineage provenance", "description": "Preserves the sources and meanings of pedigree, strain and bloodline descriptions.", "findings": [ { "id": "lineage-claims", "name": "Documented lineage claims", "description": "Distinguish registered ancestry from historical traditions, breeder terminology and claims of genetic distinctness.", "questions": [ { "text": "What pedigree records or historical sources support the stated Arabian bloodline or strain attribution?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "lineage-claims-q01" }, { "text": "Does the label denote a documented ancestry group, a naming tradition, a breeding programme or a demonstrated genetic population?", "kind": "definition", "id": "lineage-claims-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "population-context", "name": "Population context", "description": "Defines the population being counted or assessed and distinguishes historical origin from current distribution.", "findings": [ { "id": "distribution-and-diversity", "name": "Distribution and diversity", "description": "Record geographic and demographic claims with dates and population boundaries; assess breed diversity separately from species-level conservation status.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which sources distinguish the breed's historical development from current breeding locations and this individual's birthplace?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "distribution-and-diversity-q01" }, { "text": "What dated population counts, ancestry representation or relatedness estimates support a claim about this Arabian population's diversity or vulnerability?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "distribution-and-diversity-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "inherited-health-and-breeding", "name": "Inherited health and breeding", "description": "Connects Arabian-relevant inherited-condition evidence with individual and mating decisions.", "rationale": "Breed-level susceptibility, an individual test result and the risk from a proposed pairing must remain distinct.", "layers": [ { "id": "condition-specific-evidence", "name": "Condition-specific evidence", "description": "Records validated testing and clinical evidence for inherited conditions relevant to Arabian ancestry.", "findings": [ { "id": "test-scope-and-status", "name": "Test scope and status", "description": "Keep results for conditions such as severe combined immunodeficiency, cerebellar abiotrophy and lavender foal syndrome distinct, with the tested variant and assay limitations documented.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which Arabian-relevant conditions and variants have been tested in this horse, and what laboratory evidence links each result to its identity?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "test-scope-and-status-q01" }, { "text": "For each condition, is the evidence a clinical diagnosis, a reported genotype, an ancestry-based inference or an unknown status?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "test-scope-and-status-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "mating-assessment", "name": "Mating assessment", "description": "Combines condition-specific inheritance evidence, reproductive readiness and population diversity.", "findings": [ { "id": "pair-specific-breeding-review", "name": "Pair-specific breeding review", "description": "Evaluate the proposed parents together rather than treating registration, appearance or one clear test as sufficient breeding justification.", "questions": [ { "text": "What offspring risks follow from these two horses' verified results under each condition's established inheritance model?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "pair-specific-breeding-review-q01" }, { "text": "What missing tests, reproductive assessments or relatedness evidence must be resolved before this mating is considered?", "kind": "action", "id": "pair-specific-breeding-review-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "life-stage-use-and-welfare", "name": "Life stage, use and welfare", "description": "Applies Arabian-specific expectations to the evidence available for an individual horse.", "rationale": "Breed reputation and show presentation can obscure differences in maturity, training, temperament and physical capacity.", "layers": [ { "id": "individual-development", "name": "Individual development", "description": "Interprets breed appearance and behaviour in the context of age, sex and reproductive status.", "findings": [ { "id": "developmental-context", "name": "Developmental context", "description": "Record individual development and observed behaviour without assigning fixed maturity or temperament from the Arabian label.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do age, sex and reproductive status affect interpretation of this horse's Arabian conformation and current condition?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "developmental-context-q01" }, { "text": "Which handling or training decisions are supported by repeated observations of this individual rather than breed stereotypes?", "kind": "action", "id": "developmental-context-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "discipline-readiness", "name": "Discipline readiness", "description": "Assesses the individual evidence needed for endurance, showing, riding or other proposed uses.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-based-work-suitability", "name": "Evidence-based work suitability", "description": "Treat association of Arabians with endurance and other disciplines as context, while basing workload decisions on individual preparation and welfare.", "questions": [ { "text": "What training history, soundness assessment and observed recovery support this Arabian horse's proposed workload?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "evidence-based-work-suitability-q01" }, { "text": "What observed changes would require reducing work, changing presentation practices or obtaining veterinary assessment?", "kind": "action", "id": "evidence-based-work-suitability-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "This is recalled knowledge without source consultation; verify current registry and competition requirements before formal use.", "The listed kinds are breeding traditions or bloodlines, not taxonomic subdivisions or necessarily exclusive categories.", "Breed ancestry cannot be established from appearance alone; species-level taxonomy identifiers and IUCN assessments would not describe this breed specifically." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of Arabian horse this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Egyptian bloodlines", "Polish bloodlines", "Crabbet bloodlines", "Spanish bloodlines" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of Arabian horse this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "National Arabian horse studbook registration", "value_or_pattern": "Registry-specific registration number", "note": "Identifies an individual horse and its recorded pedigree; numbers require the issuing registry for interpretation." }, { "scheme": "Universal Equine Life Number (UELN)", "value_or_pattern": "15-character alphanumeric identifier", "note": "Identifies an individual equine in participating systems, not the Arabian breed itself." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of Arabian horse this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "World Arabian Horse Organization (WAHO): framework for recognition of Arabian studbooks and acceptance of registered purebred ancestry.", "National Arabian breed registries: pedigree, identification and registration rules.", "Fédération Équestre Internationale (FEI): competition and horse-welfare rules for international equestrian sport, including endurance." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of Arabian horse this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Endurance riding and competition", "Recreational and competitive riding", "Arabian flat racing", "Breeding and conformation showing", "Crossbreeding to contribute endurance and refinement to other horse populations" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of Arabian horse this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Adult height at the withers", "typical_range": "Approximately 145-155; individuals outside this range occur", "unit": "cm" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of Arabian horse this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Some bloodlines carry inherited disorders, including severe combined immunodeficiency, cerebellar abiotrophy and lavender foal syndrome.", "Endurance exercise can expose horses to dehydration, heat stress and metabolic exhaustion.", "Training and competition can cause lameness and musculoskeletal injury.", "Handling and riding carry risks of kicks, bites and falls." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of Arabian horse this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Breeding traditions in the Arabian Peninsula, Egypt and other Middle Eastern regions have distinct pedigree histories.", "Polish, Spanish and British Crabbet breeding programs established internationally recognized bloodlines.", "National registries and competition systems differ in administrative requirements and permitted classes." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of Arabian horse this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Domestic horse", "difference": "The Arabian is a breed within the domestic horse, not a separate species." }, { "name": "Part-Arabian horse", "difference": "Has Arabian ancestry but does not qualify as a registered purebred Arabian under the applicable studbook rules." }, { "name": "Anglo-Arabian", "difference": "Combines Arabian and Thoroughbred ancestry under registry-specific rules." }, { "name": "Thoroughbred", "difference": "A separate breed defined by its own studbook ancestry, despite historical contributions from Arabian and other foundation horses." }, { "name": "Individual Arabian horse", "difference": "A particular animal has its own identity, sex, life stage and health history; the breed is the wider breeding population." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of Arabian horse this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Which Arabian registries and current eligibility rules should be authoritative for this model, and how should conflicting or incomplete registration evidence be represented?", "Which parent domestic-horse taxonomic treatment, authority, date, GBIF identifier and NCBI identifier should the model inherit?", "Which sources substantiate historical geographic development and the meanings of particular Arabian strain or bloodline labels?", "Which inherited-condition assays are currently validated for relevant Arabian populations, and what are their coverage and interpretation limits?", "Which dated breed-population assessments and conformation studies support claims about genetic diversity, population vulnerability and functional welfare?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 19, "questions": 29 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "organism", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a Arabian horse, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to recognise an Arabian horse, assess breed identity and individual condition, and support evidence-based breeding, care and use decisions.", "characteristics": { "substance": "living", "origin": "natural", "agency": "autonomous", "mobility": "self-moving" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: Egyptian Arabian, Al Khamsa, Koheilan.", "3 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 71 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a Arabian horse, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "a living thing", "physicalCharacter": [ "Moves under its own power or of its own accord.", "Acts on its own behalf.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by diagnostic characters, and those differ by life stage - the young of many kinds are mistaken for other kinds entirely. A sighting is settled by characters, a photograph and a place, not by a name alone." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "Egyptian Arabian", "Al Khamsa", "Koheilan" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 71 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 3 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one Arabian horse from another, and a Arabian horse from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a Arabian horse, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a Arabian horse, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a Arabian horse is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a Arabian horse, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a Arabian horse, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a Arabian horse is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a Arabian horse sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a Arabian horse, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a Arabian horse, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a Arabian horse is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a Arabian horse from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a Arabian horse, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a Arabian horse, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a Arabian horse is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a Arabian horse is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a Arabian horse, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a Arabian horse, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a Arabian horse is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Anatomy, parts and life stage.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and life stages", "description": "The parts of a Arabian horse and the stages it passes through.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a Arabian horse, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a Arabian horse, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a Arabian horse is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a Arabian horse is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a Arabian horse, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a Arabian horse, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a Arabian horse is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a Arabian horse is, how it got there and where it may go (self-moving).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a Arabian horse is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a Arabian horse, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a Arabian horse, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a Arabian horse is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a Arabian horse moves on its own.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a Arabian horse, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a Arabian horse, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a Arabian horse is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a Arabian horse passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a Arabian horse between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a Arabian horse, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a Arabian horse, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a Arabian horse is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a Arabian horse, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a Arabian horse is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a Arabian horse, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a Arabian horse, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a Arabian horse is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "taxonomic-placement", "name": "Taxonomic placement and identification", "description": "What Arabian horse is called scientifically, by whose authority, and how a specimen is recognised.", "rationale": "Names change with revisions while the organism does not, so a name without its authority and date cannot be reconciled later.", "layers": [ { "id": "accepted-name", "name": "Accepted name and synonymy", "description": "The current binomial, its author and date, and the names it replaced.", "findings": [ { "id": "name-and-authority", "name": "Accepted name, authority and synonyms", "description": "What to record so a later revision can be applied without losing the old data.", "questions": [ { "id": "name-and-authority-q01", "text": "What is the accepted scientific name of Arabian horse, with its author and year, and which synonyms does it absorb?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "name-and-authority-q02", "text": "Which taxonomic authority is being followed, and what would a competing authority say?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "field-identification", "name": "Field identification", "description": "The characters that separate Arabian horse from what it is confused with.", "findings": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters", "name": "Diagnostic characters and confusable kinds", "description": "Features that settle an identification, and those that only suggest it.", "questions": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q01", "text": "Which observable characters distinguish Arabian horse from its closest look-alikes, and at which life stage are they visible?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q02", "text": "What evidence is enough to record an identification as confirmed rather than provisional?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "life-cycle-and-condition", "name": "Life stages, condition and behaviour", "description": "What Arabian horse does over its life and how its state is judged.", "rationale": "Stage and condition change what may be done - handled, treated, harvested, left alone - and both are observations with a time.", "layers": [ { "id": "stages-and-reproduction", "name": "Stages and reproduction", "description": "Development from origin to death, including forms that look like different animals.", "findings": [ { "id": "life-stages", "name": "Life stages and their marks", "description": "The stages worth recording and what tells them apart.", "questions": [ { "id": "life-stages-q01", "text": "What stages does Arabian horse pass through, and what observable change marks each transition?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "life-stages-q02", "text": "Which stages are so unlike the adult that they are mistaken for another kind?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "health-and-condition", "name": "Health and condition", "description": "How condition is assessed and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition assessment", "description": "Signs of health, injury and stress, and who is competent to judge them.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "How is the condition of Arabian horse judged, on what scale, and by whom?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "What condition obliges an agent to act, and what act is permitted to whom?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "range-and-status", "name": "Habitat, range and conservation status", "description": "Where Arabian horse lives and how threatened it is.", "rationale": "Range and status govern what is lawful, and both are assessments with an assessor and a year rather than facts of nature.", "layers": [ { "id": "habitat-and-range", "name": "Habitat and range", "description": "Native range, introductions and the habitat it needs.", "findings": [ { "id": "range-record", "name": "Range, introductions and habitat", "description": "What to record about where it is found and how it got there.", "questions": [ { "id": "range-record-q01", "text": "What is the native range of Arabian horse, where has it been introduced, and what habitat does it require?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "range-record-q02", "text": "What distinguishes a native record from an introduced or vagrant one?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "protection-status", "name": "Protection and legal status", "description": "Conservation assessments and the rules that follow from them.", "findings": [ { "id": "status-and-rules", "name": "Conservation status and legal consequence", "description": "The assessment, its date, and what it forbids or requires where.", "questions": [ { "id": "status-and-rules-q01", "text": "What conservation status does Arabian horse hold, under which assessment and year?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "status-and-rules-q02", "text": "What does that status forbid or require of an agent, and in which jurisdiction?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a Arabian horse came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a Arabian horse and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a Arabian horse, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a Arabian horse, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a Arabian horse is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a Arabian horse is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a Arabian horse, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a Arabian horse, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a Arabian horse is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }