{ "model": { "rank": 5806, "code": "thing-q184188", "model_id": "vr.tr.canton-of-france", "name": "canton of France", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to identify a French canton at a specified date, assess its territorial and electoral status, and determine which geographic assignments and representation links are justified.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.PLC", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q184188/", "tier": 2, "score": 64, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [], "aliasCount": 0, "merged": 0, "knownIn": 64, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q184188", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184188", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T09:26:23Z", "providers": [ "Codex", "Grok" ], "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "usd": 0.01515448, "turns": 1, "seconds": 212.2, "error": null }, "codex": { "seconds": 91.6, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07b2b-5b05-7120-a8d4-f0d2435cb2db\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: canton of France\nRegistry id: vr.tr.canton-of-france\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.PLC\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry:" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q184188", "registryId": "vr.tr.canton-of-france", "name": "canton of France", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.PLC" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q184188/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.canton-of-france", "name": "canton of France", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to identify a French canton at a specified date, assess its territorial and electoral status, and determine which geographic assignments and representation links are justified.", "definition": "A canton of France is a legally delimited territorial subdivision of a département, without legal personality of its own, that since the 2013-2015 reform is the binominal electoral constituency for the conseil départemental and, in the official geographic code, a grouping of whole communes and/or fractions of communes around a designated chef-lieu de canton.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the dated identity, legally defined extent, commune composition, electoral role and territorial succession of a canton of France registered as vr.tr.canton-of-france in PHY / PHY.PLC.", "in_scope": [ "Official canton identity and identifiers within a dated departmental context", "Legally effective boundaries, including whole communes and commune fractions", "Current or historical electoral function and links to departmental representation", "Creation, alteration, renaming, abolition and predecessor-successor relationships", "Evidence needed to assign locations and interpret canton-level population figures" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Commune government, municipal services and municipal assets", "Departmental government powers, budgets and policy decisions", "Arrondissement administration and prefectural organisation", "Individual candidates, councillors and their personal eligibility", "Election administration, individual voter registration and ballot-level records", "Statistical canton-ou-ville units as independently defined geographic objects" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Identify the applicable period: the contemporary canton serves departmental council elections, while historical records require their own functional classification. [INSEE canton definition](https://www.insee.fr/fr/metadonnees/definition/c1566)", "Test territorial membership using whole communes and explicitly delimited commune fractions; a canton cannot always be reconstructed by aggregating whole communes. [INSEE canton definition](https://www.insee.fr/fr/metadonnees/definition/c1566)", "Distinguish a legal canton from a canton-ou-ville or pseudo-canton, which groups whole communes and can therefore have a different extent. [INSEE canton-ou-ville definition](https://www.insee.fr/fr/metadonnees/definition/c1725)", "Require canton-specific identity and boundary evidence rather than treating a namesake commune, departmental institution or other constituency as the same thing." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Official designation and canton identifier", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Official name; identifier with issuing authority and geographic reference year", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes namesakes and prevents identifiers from different geographic editions being joined without verification." }, { "name": "Departmental attachment", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Referenced department with validity interval", "why_it_matters": "Places the canton in the territorial context needed to resolve identity and representation." }, { "name": "Territorial composition", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Dated links to whole communes and explicitly described commune fractions", "why_it_matters": "Supports correct membership decisions where municipal boundaries alone are insufficient." }, { "name": "Boundary representation", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Legal textual delimitation; sourced geometry; both; unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Shows whether a location can be assigned reliably and which evidence governs disagreements." }, { "name": "Lifecycle status", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Established but not yet effective; effective; abolished; unresolved, as of a stated date", "why_it_matters": "Prevents future or obsolete canton definitions being applied to present records." }, { "name": "Electoral function", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Departmental council constituency; documented historical function; no current electoral function; unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Determines whether representation can be inferred under the applicable territorial and temporal regime." }, { "name": "Departmental representation", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Dated links to relevant seats, mandates and departmental council", "why_it_matters": "Connects territory to representation without making elected people attributes that persist across elections." }, { "name": "Population on specified boundaries", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Persons, with population concept, reference date, boundary edition and estimation status", "why_it_matters": "Makes demographic comparison meaningful and exposes unsupported whole-commune aggregation." }, { "name": "Territorial succession", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Predecessor and successor cantons with event date and documented territorial correspondence", "why_it_matters": "Separates legal continuity from reused names and supports historical reconciliation." } ], "affordances": [ "Resolve a canton name or code to the correct dated territorial entity.", "Assign an address or coordinate to a canton when the boundary evidence supports that precision.", "List constituent communes while explicitly identifying partial inclusion.", "Trace the applicable departmental representation for a specified date.", "Compare canton-level observations after checking geographic and population compatibility.", "Assess a proposed record or boundary update against the effective legal instruments and flag unresolved discrepancies." ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "title": "Loi n° 2013-403 du 17 mai 2013 relative à l'élection des conseillers départementaux, des conseillers municipaux et des délégués communautaires, et modifiant le calendrier électoral", "url": "https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/", "what_it_supports": "Creates the post-2013 canton as the binominal constituency for the conseil départemental and requires a nationwide redistricting.", "url_status": "blocked" }, { "id": "s2", "title": "Code électoral (dispositions on the election of conseillers départementaux)", "url": "https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/", "what_it_supports": "Standing electoral rules: one canton, one mixed pair of councillors, six-year term, and the legal role of the canton.", "url_status": "blocked" }, { "id": "s3", "title": "Code officiel géographique (COG) - documentation of the canton level", "url": "https://www.insee.fr/", "what_it_supports": "Official identifiers, the 2015 canton geography, and the parallel vintage of anciens cantons used in statistics.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "s4", "title": "Canton (France)", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canton_(France)", "what_it_supports": "National stock after 2015, the Paris/Lyon exceptions, and the distinction from arrondissements and communes.", "url_status": "live" } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "canton-identity-and-regime", "name": "Canton identity and applicable regime", "description": "Establish which canton is meant and which dated territorial and electoral regime applies.", "rationale": "A name or code alone does not establish continuity, geographic extent or current electoral function.", "layers": [ { "id": "official-canton-identity", "name": "Official canton identity", "description": "Resolve official naming and identifiers within the appropriate geographic edition.", "findings": [ { "id": "dated-canton-reference", "name": "Dated canton reference", "description": "Record the authoritative designation, identifier and department needed to distinguish this canton from namesakes and earlier editions.", "questions": [ { "text": "What official designation and identifier identify this canton in the geographic edition relevant to the task?", "kind": "definition", "id": "dated-canton-reference-q01" }, { "text": "Which authoritative record establishes that identity and its departmental attachment?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "dated-canton-reference-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "territorial-electoral-regime", "name": "Territorial and electoral regime", "description": "Establish whether the record denotes an operative constituency or a historical canton.", "findings": [ { "id": "applicable-canton-function", "name": "Applicable canton function", "description": "Record the function supported for the place and period without extending contemporary assumptions to historical or exceptional arrangements.", "questions": [ { "text": "What territorial or electoral function does this canton have at the requested date?", "kind": "definition", "id": "applicable-canton-function-q01" }, { "text": "Which dated source establishes that the ordinary departmental electoral regime applies, or documents an exception?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "applicable-canton-function-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "legal-extent-and-commune-fractions", "name": "Legal extent and commune fractions", "description": "Represent the canton through its legally delimited territory and dated municipal composition.", "rationale": "Location assignment must handle both complete communes and boundaries cutting through a commune.", "layers": [ { "id": "constituent-territories", "name": "Constituent territories", "description": "Distinguish whole-commune membership from partial inclusion.", "findings": [ { "id": "whole-and-partial-communes", "name": "Whole and partial communes", "description": "Record each included commune and the evidence defining any included fraction.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which communes are wholly included and which are only partly included at the requested date?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "whole-and-partial-communes-q01" }, { "text": "What legal description identifies each included commune fraction?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "whole-and-partial-communes-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "boundary-operationalisation", "name": "Boundary operationalisation", "description": "Determine how the legal delimitation supports practical geographic decisions.", "findings": [ { "id": "location-membership-evidence", "name": "Location membership evidence", "description": "Link usable geometry to its legal basis and record uncertainty near boundaries or where descriptions and datasets differ.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which geometry and coordinate reference system represent the effective delimitation, and how was that correspondence checked?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "location-membership-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Can the requested location be assigned unambiguously, or must conflicting or insufficient boundary evidence be resolved first?", "kind": "action", "id": "location-membership-evidence-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "departmental-electoral-representation", "name": "Departmental electoral representation", "description": "Connect the canton to its applicable electoral arrangement and resulting mandates.", "rationale": "The agent must distinguish a constituency's representative role from the powers and operations of the departmental institution.", "layers": [ { "id": "representation-rule", "name": "Representation rule", "description": "Identify the election-specific rule applicable to this canton.", "findings": [ { "id": "seats-and-election-regime", "name": "Seats and election regime", "description": "Record the applicable seat arrangement; the contemporary general rule elects two departmental councillors of different sexes as a candidate pair. [Code électoral, Article L191](https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/section_lc/LEGITEXT000006070239/LEGISCTA000006134755/2026-02-23/)", "questions": [ { "text": "How many seats and what election arrangement apply to this canton for the election being considered?", "kind": "definition", "id": "seats-and-election-regime-q01" }, { "text": "Which version of the electoral provisions establishes that arrangement for the relevant date?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "seats-and-election-regime-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "mandate-linkage", "name": "Mandate linkage", "description": "Connect territorial representation to dated mandates and their status.", "findings": [ { "id": "representation-at-date", "name": "Representation at a date", "description": "Record links to mandates, including documented vacancies or replacements, without treating an election result as proof of indefinite incumbency.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which mandate records establish who represents the canton at the requested date?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "representation-at-date-q01" }, { "text": "Do documented vacancies, replacements or judicial decisions require updating the representation links?", "kind": "action", "id": "representation-at-date-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "canton-change-and-continuity", "name": "Canton change and continuity", "description": "Track legally established changes and their implications for identity and historical use.", "rationale": "Redelimitation, renaming and abolition can invalidate joins that rely only on a familiar canton name.", "layers": [ { "id": "legal-change-events", "name": "Legal change events", "description": "Separate the publication of a change from its territorial or electoral effect.", "findings": [ { "id": "effective-canton-version", "name": "Effective canton version", "description": "Record the instrument, event type and effective dates establishing the canton version relevant to an operation.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which instrument creates, renames, alters or abolishes this canton?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "effective-canton-version-q01" }, { "text": "When does the change become effective for the geographic or electoral use being requested?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "effective-canton-version-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "territorial-succession", "name": "Territorial succession", "description": "Represent continuity and redistribution across canton versions.", "findings": [ { "id": "predecessor-successor-correspondence", "name": "Predecessor-successor correspondence", "description": "Distinguish a rename from a territorial redistribution and preserve supported links across splits, mergers or replacement boundaries.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which predecessor and successor territories correspond to this canton, and which portions move between them?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "predecessor-successor-correspondence-q01" }, { "text": "Can existing records be carried forward directly, or must they be reassigned using locations or a documented correspondence?", "kind": "action", "id": "predecessor-successor-correspondence-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "canton-observations-and-comparability", "name": "Canton observations and comparability", "description": "Establish whether population figures and geographic joins actually describe the intended canton.", "rationale": "A plausible canton label can conceal a different statistical geography or incompatible boundary edition.", "layers": [ { "id": "population-on-canton-boundaries", "name": "Population on canton boundaries", "description": "Qualify population observations by concept, date and geographic coverage.", "findings": [ { "id": "supported-canton-population", "name": "Supported canton population", "description": "Record whether a population figure covers the complete canton, including its commune fractions, and distinguish official figures from estimates.", "questions": [ { "text": "What population concept, reference date and boundary edition does this figure measure?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "supported-canton-population-q01" }, { "text": "How were included commune fractions counted, and does the source support the reported canton total?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "supported-canton-population-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "statistical-geography-crosswalks", "name": "Statistical geography crosswalks", "description": "Check equivalence before joining canton-labelled datasets.", "findings": [ { "id": "true-canton-data-compatibility", "name": "True canton data compatibility", "description": "Record whether each dataset uses the legal canton, a canton-ou-ville or another dated geography, and what correspondence permits its use.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the dataset describe the legal canton, a canton-ou-ville or a different territorial edition?", "kind": "definition", "id": "true-canton-data-compatibility-q01" }, { "text": "What verified correspondence allows these observations to be joined or compared without silently changing their territorial coverage?", "kind": "action", "id": "true-canton-data-compatibility-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Multi-commune cantons (the ordinary rural and small-town form)", "Intra-urban cantons (several cantons carved inside one large commune)", "Mixed cantons (a fraction of an urban commune plus neighbouring communes), the typical 2015 design", "Single-commune cantons", "Overseas-department cantons (same legal type, different scale and institutional setting)", "Anciens cantons (pre-March 2015 geography, retained as a statistical vintage)", "Cantonal maps inherited by special-status collectivities where the conseil départemental itself has been abolished or absorbed" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of canton of France this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Wikidata item (class)", "value_or_pattern": "Q18524218", "note": "Class 'canton of France'; each individual canton has its own Q-id." }, { "scheme": "INSEE Code officiel géographique (canton)", "value_or_pattern": "{department_code}{canton_code} where department_code is 2 digits in metropolitan France (3 in overseas) and canton_code is a 2-digit sequential number in older vintages, 4-digit in the 2015 geography", "note": "The live electoral geography is the 2015+ canton file; pre-2015 codes survive as 'ancien canton'." }, { "scheme": "Wikidata property P2506", "value_or_pattern": "INSEE canton code (as stored on the item)", "note": "Machine-readable link from a Wikidata canton item to the COG code." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of canton of France this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Loi n° 2013-403 du 17 mai 2013 (Parlement français) - recasts the canton as the binominal departmental constituency and orders redistricting.", "Code électoral, rules on élections départementales (État français) - one mixed pair of conseillers départementaux per canton, six-year term.", "Décrets de délimitation des cantons (2014 and later amendments), one decree per département, taken by the Government after Conseil d'État review.", "Jurisprudence of the Conseil constitutionnel and Conseil d'État on population equality of cantons (generally a 20% band around the departmental mean, with geographic exceptions).", "Code officiel géographique (INSEE) - naming, coding and vintage of cantons as statistical geography.", "Code général des collectivités territoriales - status of the département and its council, which the canton exists to elect." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of canton of France this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Ballot paper and campaign map for élections départementales: each canton returns a binôme (one woman and one man) to the conseil départemental.", "INSEE tables and GIS layers: population, vital statistics and geographic extracts are still published on both the 2015 canton and the ancien-canton vintages.", "Rural service geography: the chef-lieu de canton remains the everyday name for the small town that historically held the juge de paix, tax office, gendarmerie brigade or notarial ressort, even where those services have moved.", "Addressing of some State field services and of older cadastral or notarial records that still cite the canton.", "Bridging variable in longitudinal research: analysts recode communes through the 2015 break using ancien-canton keys." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of canton of France this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "National stock of cantons", "typical_range": "2054 after the 2015 redistricting (about 4035 before); later vintages differ by a handful", "unit": "count" }, { "quantity": "Resident population of a canton", "typical_range": "about 10000-90000 nationally; inside one département most cantons lie within ±20% of that département's mean", "unit": "inhabitants" }, { "quantity": "Land area", "typical_range": "a few km² for an intra-urban fragment to several hundred km² in rural metropolitan France; overseas interior cantons can exceed 1000", "unit": "km²" }, { "quantity": "Communes (or commune fractions) per canton", "typical_range": "1-100+", "unit": "count" }, { "quantity": "Councillors returned", "typical_range": "2 (fixed: one woman and one man)", "unit": "persons" }, { "quantity": "Electoral term", "typical_range": "6", "unit": "years" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of canton of France this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Malapportionment as population drifts after a freeze of the map, so votes in growing suburban cantons weigh less than votes in declining rural ones.", "Annulment of a delimitation decree by the Conseil d'État (several 2014 maps were struck down or recast).", "Accusations of gerrymandering when the prefecture draws mixed urban-rural cantons.", "Break in statistical time series between the 2014 and 2015 geographies, producing mismatched joins if the vintage is ignored.", "Misalignment with EPCI / bassin de vie boundaries, so the canton is a poor proxy for the area people actually use.", "Loss of named rural chef-lieux after 2015 mergers, with knock-on closure or relocation of local services.", "Data and addressing errors from treating an ancien canton code as a current electoral canton, or the reverse." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of canton of France this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Paris has no cantons: the Conseil de Paris is elected on arrondissement municipal lines and sits as both municipal and departmental council.", "The Métropole de Lyon (2015) is carved out of the Rhône: that territory is not divided into cantons for a departmental election; the rest of the Rhône still is.", "Martinique and Guyane, as collectivités territoriales uniques, no longer elect a conseil départemental, so the canton survives there mainly as geography, not as a living constituency.", "Corsica's territorial collectivity absorbed the two departmental councils; cantons of Corse-du-Sud and Haute-Corse remain in the geographic code.", "Overseas departments use the same legal type with much larger areas and smaller populations, and Mayotte's cantonal map is younger than the 2015 metropolitan redraw.", "Alsace's Collectivité européenne d'Alsace (2021) merged two departmental councils while the underlying cantonal grid of Bas-Rhin and Haut-Rhin remains the reference for that election.", "The same French word 'canton' in neighbouring Switzerland names a federated state, which produces systematic name clash in border work." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of canton of France this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Arrondissement (France)", "difference": "An arrondissement is a State administrative circumscription under a sub-prefect; a canton has no State officer and exists to elect departmental councillors. Test: presence of a sous-préfecture versus a chef-lieu de canton with no prefectural rank." }, { "name": "Commune (France)", "difference": "The commune is the basic collectivité territoriale with a mayor and council; the canton is not a legal person and has no executive. Test: does it have a maire and a SIREN of a commune?" }, { "name": "Département (France)", "difference": "The département is the collectivité the canton exists to elect; it has legal personality, a prefect, and a budget. Test: legal personality and a conseil départemental, not a single constituency." }, { "name": "Circonscription législative", "difference": "Elects a deputy to the Assemblée nationale on a different map, usually several cantons in size. Test: which assembly is filled, and which decree drew the boundary." }, { "name": "EPCI (communauté de communes / d'agglomération, etc.)", "difference": "An EPCI is a legal person with transferred competences and often fiscal power; a canton is not. Test: SIREN of a groupement and a conseil communautaire versus a purely electoral/statistical code." }, { "name": "Swiss canton", "difference": "A Swiss canton is a federated state with a constitution and residual sovereignty; a French canton is a subordinate electoral slice of a département. Test: own constitution and membership of a federation versus absence of legal personality." }, { "name": "Ancien canton versus canton 2015", "difference": "Same name, different vintage: the pre-2015 grid is a statistical relic, the 2015 grid is the live constituency. Test: which COG millésime and whether a binôme is elected on that map." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of canton of France this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does the registry intend to cover all historical French cantons as well as contemporary departmental electoral cantons, and how should obsolete functions be represented within this single model?", "Which territorial exceptions and institutional reforms require explicit dated rules for recognising a canton with no current departmental electoral function?", "Which authoritative geometry sources adequately represent legally defined commune fractions, and how should discrepancies with textual delimitations be resolved?", "What evidence should establish identity continuity when a canton name or identifier persists through substantial redelimitation?", "Which population releases and territorial correspondences support reliable comparisons across commune mergers and canton boundary changes?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 18, "questions": 28 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "place or geographic feature", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a canton of France, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to identify a French canton at a specified date, assess its territorial and electoral status, and determine which geographic assignments and representation links are justified.", "characteristics": { "substance": "place", "origin": "natural", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "fixed", "scale": "geographic" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured", "entered, crossed or travelled along" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Described in 64 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a canton of France, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "a portion of the world with an extent", "physicalCharacter": [ "On the scale of a landscape, measured in kilometres.", "Stays where it was put; moving it is a project.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state", "enter it, cross it, travel along it" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by extent on the ground and by position, not by appearance. Two places that look alike are told apart by where they are." ], "relatedModels": [], "standing": "Described in 64 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one canton of France from another, and a canton of France from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a canton of France, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a canton of France, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a canton of France is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a canton of France, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a canton of France, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a canton of France is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a canton of France sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a canton of France, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a canton of France, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a canton of France is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a canton of France from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a canton of France, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a canton of France, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a canton of France is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a canton of France is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples at geographic scale.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a canton of France, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a canton of France, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a canton of France is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a canton of France is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a canton of France, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a canton of France, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a canton of France is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a canton of France is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a canton of France, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a canton of France, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a canton of France is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a canton of France is, how it got there and where it may go (fixed).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a canton of France is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a canton of France, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a canton of France, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a canton of France is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a canton of France is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a canton of France, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a canton of France, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a canton of France is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a canton of France passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a canton of France between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a canton of France, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a canton of France, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a canton of France is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a canton of France, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a canton of France is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a canton of France, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a canton of France, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a canton of France is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "use-and-operation", "name": "Use and operation", "description": "What can be done with a canton of France and what it takes to do it.", "rationale": "An agent that can recognise a thing but not act on it has only half a model.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-use", "name": "Intended use and function", "description": "What a canton of France is for, and what it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-and-purpose", "name": "Function, purpose and misuse", "description": "The function a canton of France performs and the uses that fall outside it.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-and-purpose-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the use of a canton of France, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "function-and-purpose-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the use of a canton of France, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "function-and-purpose-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the use of a canton of France is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "handling-and-procedure", "name": "Handling and procedure", "description": "The steps, skills and tools involved in using a canton of France.", "findings": [ { "id": "procedures-and-skills", "name": "Procedures, skills and required tools", "description": "What an agent needs before it can act on a canton of France at all.", "questions": [ { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes handling a canton of France, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about handling a canton of France, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once handling a canton of France is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "extent-and-geometry", "name": "Extent, geometry and naming", "description": "Where canton of France is, how far it reaches, and what it is called.", "rationale": "A boundary is claimed by an authority rather than observed in the world, so the claimant belongs in the record with the geometry.", "layers": [ { "id": "geometry", "name": "Geometry and reference system", "description": "Coordinates, extent and the frame they are given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "geometry-record", "name": "Geometry, precision and frame", "description": "What is recorded about position and shape, and to what accuracy.", "questions": [ { "id": "geometry-record-q01", "text": "What geometry describes canton of France, in which coordinate reference system, at what precision?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "geometry-record-q02", "text": "Which authority publishes that geometry, and who publishes a different one?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "names", "name": "Names and endonyms", "description": "What it is called in different languages and by different parties.", "findings": [ { "id": "naming-record", "name": "Names and who uses them", "description": "Official names, local names and contested names.", "questions": [ { "id": "naming-record-q01", "text": "By what names is canton of France known, in which languages, and which are official to whom?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "naming-record-q02", "text": "Where naming is contested, what should an agent record instead of choosing?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "containment-and-access", "name": "Containment, jurisdiction and access", "description": "What canton of France sits inside, who governs it, and who may enter.", "rationale": "Administrative containment decides which rules apply, and it changes without the place moving.", "layers": [ { "id": "containment", "name": "Administrative containment", "description": "The units it belongs to and the date each holds from.", "findings": [ { "id": "containment-record", "name": "Containing units and effective dates", "description": "Where it sits administratively and since when.", "questions": [ { "id": "containment-record-q01", "text": "Which administrative units contain canton of France, and since when does each containment hold?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "containment-record-q02", "text": "Which containment is disputed, and by which parties?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "access", "name": "Access and permitted use", "description": "Who may enter or use it and under what conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "access-rules", "name": "Access rules and their source", "description": "Entry, use and restriction, with the rule behind each.", "questions": [ { "id": "access-rules-q01", "text": "Who may enter or use canton of France, under what conditions, and by whose rule?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "access-rules-q02", "text": "What seasonal or conditional closure applies, and how is it announced?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a canton of France came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a canton of France and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a canton of France, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a canton of France, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a canton of France is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a canton of France is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a canton of France, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a canton of France, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a canton of France is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 53 } } } }