{ "model": { "rank": 5147, "code": "thing-q184393", "model_id": "vr.tr.catapult", "name": "catapult", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise a catapult as a mechanical projectile-launching device, record its operating principle and condition, and determine whether inspection, conservation, demonstration or operation is appropriate.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.OBJ", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q184393/", "tier": 2, "score": 69, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "catapulta", "aircraft catapult", "huí huí pào", "water balloon launcher", "bricola", "Marshmallow catapult", "torsion siege engine", "Leach Trench Catapult", "West Spring Gun", "trebuchet", "onager", "biffa", "mangonel", "Tripantium", "electromagnetic catapult", "steam catapult", "flywheel catapult", "euthytone", "ziyar", "monankon", "palintone", "Porok", "counterweight trebuchet", "floating arm trebuchet", "almanjanec" ], "aliasCount": 25, "merged": 25, "knownIn": 69, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.catapult", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q184393", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184393", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T21:46:06Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 20, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08821-9d82-7743-8ec5-a758c1fc21ac\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: catapult\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.OBJ\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 1001 things:\n# Batch 005: 1001 regist", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 67, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08821-9d74-7421-86bb-a943d0de8786\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: catapult\nRegistry id: vr.tr.catapult\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.OBJ\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\n\nContex" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q184393", "registryId": "vr.tr.catapult", "name": "catapult", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.OBJ" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q184393/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.catapult", "name": "catapult", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise a catapult as a mechanical projectile-launching device, record its operating principle and condition, and determine whether inspection, conservation, demonstration or operation is appropriate.", "definition": "A catapult is a mechanical launching device that accelerates and releases a projectile using stored elastic energy or gravitational potential energy, here understood as the historical projectile-launching machine rather than an aircraft-launching system.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the catapult kind in the historical artillery and mechanically analogous demonstrator sense, including the distinctions between energy-storage and counterweight mechanisms; it provides the concepts needed to assess particular designs and units without treating a product or individual machine as the kind itself.", "in_scope": [ "Mechanical projectile launchers conventionally classified as catapults, with explicit treatment of disputed subtype boundaries", "Energy storage or elevation, transfer through an arm or bow assembly, and projectile release", "Frames, load-bearing members, restraints, triggers, projectile holders and supporting interfaces", "Loading, readiness, release, recovery and secured states", "Structural condition, maintenance, conservation and controlled demonstration requirements", "Historical machines, reconstructions and educational demonstrators, distinguished by evidence and intended use" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Aircraft launch catapults and industrial launch systems that require separate functional models", "Firearms and launchers whose primary propulsion comes from combustion or explosive pressure", "Handheld bows, crossbows and slings except where needed to establish classification boundaries", "Projectile manufacture, explosive payloads and target vulnerability", "Siege strategy, battlefield employment and optimisation of destructive effects", "Historical battles, operating organisations and procurement records as independently modelled things" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "The device launches a separate projectile through a mechanical transfer of energy; a structure that only drops an object does not establish catapult identity.", "Its classification records the actual mechanism, such as bending members, twisted bundles or a raised counterweight, rather than inferring the mechanism from a throwing-arm silhouette.", "A projectile holder, guide or sling forms part of a release arrangement; a rotating arm alone is insufficient to identify a catapult.", "The record distinguishes a freestanding or supported artillery-type device from a handheld bow, crossbow or sling, while leaving historically variable terminology explicit.", "A historical original, a reconstructed machine and a classroom demonstrator can share a mechanism classification while differing in authenticity, scale and permitted use." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Classification and sense", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Historical artillery; reconstruction; educational demonstrator; disputed or unresolved classification", "why_it_matters": "Prevents an unqualified name from conflating historical weapons, teaching devices and unrelated launch systems." }, { "name": "Energy-storage or driving principle", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Flexure; torsion; counterweight; human traction; hybrid; other documented mechanism; unknown", "why_it_matters": "Determines which components, loaded states and inspection questions apply without asserting that every mechanism belongs within the final registry boundary." }, { "name": "Launch-transfer arrangement", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Throwing arm with cup; throwing arm with sling; bow-and-guide arrangement; other documented arrangement; unknown", "why_it_matters": "Identifies how the projectile is supported, accelerated and separated from the machine." }, { "name": "Physical envelope", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Length, width and height in m; total mass in kg; configuration and measurement basis recorded", "why_it_matters": "Supports identification, siting, transport and support assessment without confusing static dimensions with the moving envelope." }, { "name": "Moving and suspended components", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Links to arms, slings, counterweights, pivots and their documented movement envelopes", "why_it_matters": "Makes moving, swinging and falling hazards visible even when no projectile is present." }, { "name": "Compatible projectile specification", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Link to an approved projectile specification including material, shape, mass in kg and dimensions in mm", "why_it_matters": "Allows compatibility checks for an authorised demonstration without treating any fitting object as suitable." }, { "name": "Energy and restraint state", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Verified de-energised; partly energised; energised and restrained; releasing; residual energy suspected; unknown", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes an apparently idle machine from one capable of unexpected motion." }, { "name": "Projectile presence", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Absent; positioned for loading; seated; uncertain", "why_it_matters": "Projectile absence does not establish that the mechanism is safe, but presence changes the consequences of release." }, { "name": "Structural and restraint condition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Assessed serviceable for specified use; restricted; defective; inspection overdue; unassessed", "why_it_matters": "Connects condition evidence to a particular use instead of implying universal fitness." }, { "name": "Historical and reconstruction evidence", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Links to surviving objects, archaeological reports, historical descriptions, drawings and reconstruction records", "why_it_matters": "Separates documented features from modern interpretation or fabrication." }, { "name": "Permitted-use status", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Static display only; inspection permitted; demonstration authorised under stated conditions; operation prohibited; unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Supports action decisions that account for condition, setting, evidence and responsibility." } ], "affordances": [ "Classify a candidate device by its mechanical principle and explicitly record uncertain historical terminology.", "Compare an original, reconstruction or demonstrator with the evidence supporting its claimed form.", "Assess whether recorded condition and restraint evidence support inspection, handling or static display.", "Check a proposed demonstration against documented projectile compatibility, site constraints and authorisation.", "Flag unresolved energy states, damaged load paths or unreliable restraints for qualified assessment.", "Record maintenance or conservation needs and reassess permitted use after changes." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-historical-boundary", "name": "Identity and historical boundary", "description": "Establishes which sense of catapult applies and how the device relates to historically variable classifications.", "rationale": "Catapult terminology can group mechanically different machines and can also name unrelated launch systems.", "layers": [ { "id": "mechanical-classification", "name": "Mechanical classification", "description": "Identifies the device through observable launch and energy-transfer features.", "findings": [ { "id": "catapult-membership", "name": "Catapult membership", "description": "Record the mechanism and evidence that justify inclusion, with neighbouring device types identified.", "questions": [ { "text": "What observable launch mechanism supports identifying this device as a catapult?", "kind": "definition", "id": "catapult-membership-q01" }, { "text": "Which boundary distinguishes it from a bow, crossbow, sling, aircraft launcher or simple dropping device?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "catapult-membership-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "historical-status", "name": "Historical status", "description": "Separates historical attribution from the identity of a modern reconstruction or demonstrator.", "findings": [ { "id": "attribution-and-reconstruction", "name": "Attribution and reconstruction", "description": "Record claimed period, tradition and subtype alongside the evidence and modern substitutions.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which surviving object, historical description or archaeological record supports the claimed type and period?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "attribution-and-reconstruction-q01" }, { "text": "Which visible features are documented historically, reconstructed by inference or introduced for modern demonstration?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "attribution-and-reconstruction-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "energy-transfer-and-release", "name": "Energy transfer and release", "description": "Describes the mechanical path from supplied energy to projectile separation.", "rationale": "Different catapult mechanisms require different records of loaded components, motion and release uncertainty.", "layers": [ { "id": "energy-path", "name": "Energy path", "description": "Identifies where energy enters, is held and passes through the mechanism.", "findings": [ { "id": "loaded-components", "name": "Loaded components", "description": "Record the members or masses that store or supply energy and the restraints that hold them.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the device use bending members, twisted bundles, an elevated mass, human traction or another documented principle?", "kind": "definition", "id": "loaded-components-q01" }, { "text": "Which components can remain loaded or elevated when the device appears idle?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "loaded-components-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "projectile-interface", "name": "Projectile interface", "description": "Describes the holder or guide and the mechanism of projectile separation.", "findings": [ { "id": "holding-and-separation", "name": "Holding and separation", "description": "Record the cup, sling, guide or other interface and the evidence for compatible demonstration projectiles.", "questions": [ { "text": "How is a projectile supported and what mechanical event allows it to separate?", "kind": "definition", "id": "holding-and-separation-q01" }, { "text": "What documented limits on projectile material, shape, mass and dimensions apply to the intended demonstration?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "holding-and-separation-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "structure-and-condition", "name": "Structure and condition", "description": "Tracks the frame, moving assembly and wear-sensitive components that sustain launch-cycle loads.", "rationale": "A complete-looking catapult may contain degraded structural members, unstable supports or compromised restraints.", "layers": [ { "id": "frame-and-support", "name": "Frame and support", "description": "Records the load-bearing structure and its interface with the ground or display support.", "findings": [ { "id": "load-path-integrity", "name": "Load-path integrity", "description": "Identify the frame, joints, bearings and support conditions relevant to the assessed use.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which members and joints carry arm, bow, counterweight and release loads in this design?", "kind": "definition", "id": "load-path-integrity-q01" }, { "text": "What inspection evidence establishes the condition of those members, joints and ground supports?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "load-path-integrity-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "wear-and-conservation", "name": "Wear and conservation", "description": "Distinguishes functional maintenance from preservation of historically significant material.", "findings": [ { "id": "degradation-and-intervention", "name": "Degradation and intervention", "description": "Record condition changes in ropes, elastic members, slings, pivots, restraints and structural materials where present.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which components show deterioration, deformation, looseness or wear, and when were they last assessed?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "degradation-and-intervention-q01" }, { "text": "Would repair or replacement alter historically significant material or the evidence supporting the reconstruction?", "kind": "action", "id": "degradation-and-intervention-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "states-restraints-and-access", "name": "States, restraints and access", "description": "Makes projectile presence, stored energy, restraint condition and access restrictions explicit.", "rationale": "An unloaded projectile holder does not imply a de-energised mechanism, and a restrained arm may still present substantial hazards.", "layers": [ { "id": "readiness-and-residual-energy", "name": "Readiness and residual energy", "description": "Separates machine appearance from verified energy and loading states.", "findings": [ { "id": "verified-machine-state", "name": "Verified machine state", "description": "Record projectile presence and energy state independently, together with the evidence supporting each.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is a projectile present, and which observation establishes that state?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "verified-machine-state-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence establishes whether tension, elevated masses or constrained movement remain?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "verified-machine-state-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "release-control-and-exposure", "name": "Release control and exposure", "description": "Records restraint reliability and exposure to the moving mechanism.", "findings": [ { "id": "restraint-and-access-basis", "name": "Restraint and access basis", "description": "Identify fitted controls, locks or interlocks without assuming that historical designs contain modern safeguards.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which fitted devices prevent unintended release, and what evidence supports their present reliability?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "restraint-and-access-basis-q01" }, { "text": "Which access restrictions follow from the arm sweep, sling movement, suspended masses and pinch points?", "kind": "action", "id": "restraint-and-access-basis-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-permitted-use", "name": "Evidence and permitted use", "description": "Connects claimed capability and proposed use to documented assessment and applicable requirements.", "rationale": "Historical accounts, reconstruction trials and unit-specific approvals provide different kinds of evidence and should not be treated as interchangeable.", "layers": [ { "id": "capability-evidence", "name": "Capability evidence", "description": "Qualifies dimensional and performance claims by source, configuration and uncertainty.", "findings": [ { "id": "documented-capability", "name": "Documented capability", "description": "Record existing capability evidence without turning the model into instructions for increasing destructive performance.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which dimensional or capability claims come from direct measurement, documented trials, historical accounts or inference?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "documented-capability-q01" }, { "text": "What configuration, units and uncertainty accompany each claim, and does the evidence apply to this design or unit?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "documented-capability-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "use-decision", "name": "Use decision", "description": "Records the basis for static display, handling, conservation or controlled demonstration.", "findings": [ { "id": "authorised-use-conditions", "name": "Authorised use conditions", "description": "Link proposed use to condition assessment, responsible parties and verified requirements for the location and device class.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which applicable requirements or standards have been verified, with their issuing bodies, jurisdiction and applicability recorded?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "authorised-use-conditions-q01" }, { "text": "What assessment and authorisation support the proposed use, and which unresolved conditions require it to remain restricted?", "kind": "action", "id": "authorised-use-conditions-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "The registry supplies no sense; the historical launching-machine sense is assumed.", "Terminology varies over whether trebuchets and ballistae are included under 'catapult' or treated as separate categories.", "No universal capacity, dimensional range or applicable technical standard is asserted; these require a specified design and use context." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of catapult this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Tension-powered catapult", "Torsion-powered catapult", "Traction trebuchet", "Counterweight trebuchet" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of catapult this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Historical siege warfare against fortifications and their defenders", "Historical launching of stones, bolts and other projectiles", "Experimental archaeology and historical demonstrations", "Classroom demonstrations of energy transfer, leverage and projectile motion" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of catapult this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Unintended release during loading or cocking can strike operators or bystanders.", "Failure of a throwing arm, frame, cordage or attachment can eject fragments and release stored energy.", "Moving arms, counterweights and tensioning mechanisms create crushing and entanglement hazards.", "An unstable frame can shift or overturn during operation.", "Unpredictable release, projectile breakup or ricochet can send material outside the intended landing area." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of catapult this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "British English also uses 'catapult' for a handheld elastic device commonly called a 'slingshot' in American English." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of catapult this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "trebuchet", "difference": "A trebuchet uses a pivoted beam, usually with a sling, driven by human traction or a falling counterweight; it is included within catapults in broad classifications but distinguished in narrower usage." }, { "name": "ballista", "difference": "A ballista has paired bowlike arms, commonly powered by torsion bundles; it is a particular historical launching-machine design rather than the whole category." }, { "name": "crossbow", "difference": "A crossbow has a bow mounted on a stock with a mechanism retaining its drawn string; boundaries with large ancient bolt-launching machines can overlap." }, { "name": "cannon", "difference": "A cannon launches a projectile through a barrel using expanding gas from a propellant rather than a mechanical throwing mechanism." }, { "name": "aircraft catapult", "difference": "An aircraft catapult accelerates an aircraft for takeoff and belongs to a distinct launching-system sense." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of catapult this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does the registry intend catapult to include trebuchets, traction engines and ballistae, or should these be related kinds under a narrower definition?", "Does an existing Vercy world model already own this concept or a governing parent concept that this registry entry should reference?", "Which primary historical and archaeological sources best establish subtype terminology and the limits of reconstruction evidence?", "Which standards, inspection requirements or certification provisions actually apply to historical originals, working reconstructions and educational demonstrators in their intended jurisdictions?", "What defensible capacity, dimensional and failure-mode evidence is available for each included mechanism without generalising from a single reconstruction?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 16, "questions": 26 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "device, machine or tool", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a catapult, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to recognise a catapult as a mechanical projectile-launching device, record its operating principle and condition, and determine whether inspection, conservation, demonstration or operation is appropriate.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "manufactured", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: catapulta, aircraft catapult, huí huí pào, water balloon launcher, bricola, Marshmallow catapult, torsion siege engine, Leach Trench Catapult, West Spring Gun, trebuchet, onager, biffa.", "25 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 69 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a catapult, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by form, by the arrangement of its controls, and by markings - a plate, a model number, a certification mark. Form alone rarely separates two models that do very different things." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "catapulta", "aircraft catapult", "huí huí pào", "water balloon launcher", "bricola", "Marshmallow catapult", "torsion siege engine", "Leach Trench Catapult", "West Spring Gun", "trebuchet", "onager", "biffa" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 69 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 25 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one catapult from another, and a catapult from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a catapult, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a catapult, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a catapult is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a catapult, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a catapult, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a catapult is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a catapult sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a catapult, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a catapult, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a catapult is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a catapult from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a catapult, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a catapult, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a catapult is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a catapult is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a catapult, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a catapult, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a catapult is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a catapult is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a catapult, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a catapult, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a catapult is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a catapult is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a catapult, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a catapult, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a catapult is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a catapult is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a catapult is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a catapult, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a catapult, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a catapult is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a catapult is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a catapult, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a catapult, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a catapult is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a catapult passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a catapult between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a catapult, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a catapult, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a catapult is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a catapult, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a catapult is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a catapult, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a catapult, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a catapult is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "function-and-principle", "name": "Function and operating principle", "description": "What catapult is for and how it achieves it.", "rationale": "Two devices with the same name can work on different principles, and the principle is what predicts failure and constrains use.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-function", "name": "Intended function", "description": "The job it does, and the jobs it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-record", "name": "Function, principle and variants", "description": "What it does, how, and which variants do it differently.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-record-q01", "text": "What function does catapult perform, on what operating principle, and which variants differ in that principle?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "function-record-q02", "text": "What use falls outside the intended function but happens in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "capacity-and-rating", "name": "Capacity and rating", "description": "The numbers that say what it can do and where it stops.", "findings": [ { "id": "ratings", "name": "Ratings and their conditions", "description": "Rated capacity, power, throughput and the conditions each assumes.", "questions": [ { "id": "ratings-q01", "text": "What ratings characterise catapult, in what units, and under what stated conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "ratings-q02", "text": "What happens beyond the rating - degradation, refusal, damage - and how is that detected?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "operation-and-state", "name": "Operation, controls and state", "description": "How catapult is operated and what state it is in right now.", "rationale": "An agent acting on a device needs its current state and the controls that change it, not just its specification.", "layers": [ { "id": "controls-and-modes", "name": "Controls and modes", "description": "What can be set, what that changes, and what is interlocked.", "findings": [ { "id": "control-surface", "name": "Control surface and interlocks", "description": "The settings available and the conditions that block them.", "questions": [ { "id": "control-surface-q01", "text": "What controls and modes does catapult have, and what does each change?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "control-surface-q02", "text": "Which actions are interlocked or forbidden in which state, and what must be true before acting?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-maintenance", "name": "Condition and maintenance", "description": "Wear, service intervals, consumables and the line between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "service-record", "name": "Condition, service and consumables", "description": "What is consumed, what is serviced, and how condition is judged.", "questions": [ { "id": "service-record-q01", "text": "What consumables and service does catapult need, at what interval, and on whose authority?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "service-record-q02", "text": "What evidence separates a unit that is working from one that is out of service?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "kind-model-unit", "name": "Kind, model and unit", "description": "Whether a claim about catapult is about the kind, a product line, or one physical unit.", "rationale": "This is the boundary most often got wrong for made things, and getting it wrong mixes a catalogue entry with the machine in the yard.", "layers": [ { "id": "level-of-reference", "name": "Level of reference", "description": "The three levels and what belongs at each.", "findings": [ { "id": "level-rules", "name": "What belongs to kind, model and unit", "description": "Which properties are shared by all of them and which are not.", "questions": [ { "id": "level-rules-q01", "text": "Which facts about catapult hold for every one of them, which for a model, and which only for one unit?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "level-rules-q02", "text": "What identifies an individual unit, and what should an agent do when it has only the kind?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "standards-and-conformity", "name": "Standards and conformity", "description": "The standards a working example must meet and who attests it.", "findings": [ { "id": "conformity", "name": "Standards, marks and attestation", "description": "Which standard applies, who certifies, and what the mark means.", "questions": [ { "id": "conformity-q01", "text": "Which standards govern catapult, issued by whom, and what does conformity actually assert?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "conformity-q02", "text": "What may an agent conclude from a certification mark, and what may it not?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a catapult came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a catapult and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a catapult, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a catapult, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a catapult is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a catapult is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a catapult, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a catapult, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a catapult is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }