{ "model": { "rank": 3745, "code": "thing-q184524", "model_id": "vr.tr.lexicography", "name": "lexicography", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise lexicography as a field and practice, assess how lexical reference resources are designed and evaluated, and identify justified improvements.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Information and virtual systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "INF", "domain": "INF.KNW", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q184524/", "tier": 2, "score": 82, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "orismology", "terminography", "technical lexicography", "historical lexicography", "digital lexicography" ], "aliasCount": 5, "merged": 5, "knownIn": 82, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q184524", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184524", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T15:03:07Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 27.4, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07c63-ddfa-7583-a62f-8fd213651f69\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: lexicography\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: INF.KNW\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 801 things:\n# Batch 004: 1001 reg", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 73.3, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07c63-de01-7371-a2b1-eb20218af87b\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: lexicography\nRegistry id: vr.tr.lexicography\nPlane / domain: INF / INF.KNW\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q184524", "registryId": "vr.tr.lexicography", "name": "lexicography", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "INF.KNW" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q184524/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.lexicography", "name": "lexicography", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise lexicography as a field and practice, assess how lexical reference resources are designed and evaluated, and identify justified improvements.", "definition": "Lexicography is the practice of designing, compiling and revising dictionaries and related lexical reference resources, together with the scholarly study of their principles, structures, uses and evaluation.", "scope_statement": "This model owns lexicography as the study and practice of designing, compiling, maintaining and evaluating dictionaries and related lexical reference resources, including theoretical reflection on those activities; it does not own individual dictionaries, practitioners or the vocabulary of a language.", "in_scope": [ "Relationships between practical dictionary making and theoretical lexicography", "Dictionary purposes, intended users and consultation situations", "Lexical evidence selection, interpretation and editorial decision methods", "Headword selection, sense treatment and lexical information organisation", "Dictionary access, usability, evaluation and revision methods", "Disciplinary boundaries, institutional recognition and classification conventions" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Individual dictionaries as publications, products or maintained datasets", "Lexicographers as people, occupations or organisational roles", "Lexicology and lexical semantics where no dictionary-related purpose is established", "Corpus construction and general natural language processing infrastructure", "Terminology management and ontology engineering beyond their intersection with lexical reference work", "Language teaching and language policy as independent activities" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "A lexicographic activity connects lexical description to the design, production, use or evaluation of a reference resource; studying vocabulary alone does not establish that connection.", "Its editorial methods must account for intended users and consultation tasks, rather than only explain the structure of a language's lexicon.", "It addresses decisions such as entry selection, sense organisation, definitions, equivalents and access routes; collecting word occurrences alone is insufficient.", "The field includes inquiry into dictionary methods and use, so membership does not require producing a dictionary.", "A dictionary is an output or object of lexicographic work; its existence does not make the publication itself a discipline." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Lexicographic orientation", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "practical; theoretical; combined; disputed", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes resource production from research about lexicographic principles, processes and use." }, { "name": "Reference-resource remit", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "general-language; learner; historical; bilingual or multilingual; specialised; other explicitly defined remit", "why_it_matters": "Different remits require different evidence, entry treatments and evaluation criteria." }, { "name": "User and consultation alignment", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "links among user groups, consultation situations, information needs and editorial requirements", "why_it_matters": "Makes it possible to judge whether lexicographic choices serve an identified purpose." }, { "name": "Lexical evidence basis", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "corpora; citation collections; elicitation; existing reference works; expert judgement; documented combinations", "why_it_matters": "Exposes the basis and limitations of selection and description methods." }, { "name": "Editorial stance", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "descriptive; prescriptive; explicitly mixed; unspecified", "why_it_matters": "Separates observations about usage from recommendations about usage." }, { "name": "Method validation state", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "proposed; documented; empirically evaluated; contested; superseded, with evidence and scope", "why_it_matters": "Prevents an agent from treating an editorial convention as a universally validated method." }, { "name": "Institutional and classification placement", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "named societies, journals, programmes and classification entries, each with source and applicable date or edition", "why_it_matters": "Records how the field is recognised without assuming that disciplinary placement is uniform." } ], "affordances": [ "Determine whether a research activity or production workflow has a substantive lexicographic purpose.", "Translate a dictionary's intended users and consultation tasks into explicit editorial requirements.", "Audit how evidence supports headword selection, sense distinctions, definitions and equivalents.", "Compare lexicographic approaches while preserving differences in resource remit and editorial stance.", "Identify evaluation methods and revision priorities appropriate to a lexical reference resource.", "Locate unresolved disciplinary boundaries and request sources before assigning institutional or classification claims." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "field-and-boundaries", "name": "Field and boundaries", "description": "The scope of lexicography and the conventions used to distinguish it from adjacent fields.", "rationale": "An agent must recognise the field without conflating it with vocabulary research, its practitioners or its outputs.", "layers": [ { "id": "practice-and-theory", "name": "Practice and theory", "description": "Relationships between dictionary making and research on lexicographic methods and resources.", "findings": [ { "id": "lexicographic-purpose", "name": "Lexicographic purpose", "description": "Record the connection between an activity and lexical reference design, production, consultation or evaluation.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which dictionary-related activity or problem makes this work lexicographic?", "kind": "definition", "id": "lexicographic-purpose-q01" }, { "text": "Does the work produce a resource, investigate lexicographic principles, or explicitly combine both?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "lexicographic-purpose-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "disciplinary-placement", "name": "Disciplinary placement", "description": "Documented boundaries and institutional conventions for locating lexicography.", "findings": [ { "id": "recognition-and-neighbours", "name": "Recognition and neighbours", "description": "Record sourced relationships to lexicology, linguistics, terminology and information-oriented approaches, alongside institutional markers.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which named scholarly convention explains the adopted boundary with lexicology and terminology?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "recognition-and-neighbours-q01" }, { "text": "Which verified societies, journals, programmes or classification entries recognise this scope, and under which dates or editions?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "recognition-and-neighbours-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "users-and-reference-functions", "name": "Users and reference functions", "description": "How lexicographic methods connect user needs to the remit of a reference resource.", "rationale": "Lexicographic adequacy depends on who consults a resource, for what purpose and under what conditions.", "layers": [ { "id": "consultation-needs", "name": "Consultation needs", "description": "Intended users, their capabilities and their reasons for consulting lexical information.", "findings": [ { "id": "user-task-fit", "name": "User-task fit", "description": "Record how user knowledge and tasks constrain the amount, language and presentation of lexical information.", "questions": [ { "text": "Are users trying to understand, produce or translate text, or investigate lexical knowledge?", "kind": "definition", "id": "user-task-fit-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence supports assumptions about users' language proficiency, subject knowledge and consultation difficulties?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "user-task-fit-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "resource-remit", "name": "Resource remit", "description": "The lexical coverage and editorial commitments appropriate to the intended reference function.", "findings": [ { "id": "coverage-contract", "name": "Coverage contract", "description": "Record the languages, varieties, periods and specialist domains that editorial methods are expected to cover.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which languages, varieties, periods and domains are included, and what exclusions follow from the stated purpose?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "coverage-contract-q01" }, { "text": "How should the intended use determine descriptive or prescriptive treatment and the required depth of entries?", "kind": "action", "id": "coverage-contract-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-editorial-judgement", "name": "Evidence and editorial judgement", "description": "Methods for obtaining lexical evidence and turning it into accountable editorial decisions.", "rationale": "Dictionary treatments require an auditable relationship between observed usage, interpretation and editorial policy.", "layers": [ { "id": "evidence-selection", "name": "Evidence selection", "description": "The suitability and limitations of corpora, citations, elicitation and other lexical evidence.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-fitness", "name": "Evidence fitness", "description": "Record how evidence sources represent the usage that a lexicographic project intends to describe.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which evidence sources were consulted, and how do their dates, genres, varieties and collection methods match the remit?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "evidence-fitness-q01" }, { "text": "How are frequency, dispersion and attestation assessed without treating absence from the evidence as proof of nonexistence?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "evidence-fitness-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "decision-traceability", "name": "Decision traceability", "description": "Policies for moving from evidence to inclusion, labelling and revision decisions.", "findings": [ { "id": "editorial-warrant", "name": "Editorial warrant", "description": "Record the evidence, policy and uncertainty behind lexical treatments, including contested or sensitive usage.", "questions": [ { "text": "What evidence and editorial rule justify inclusion, exclusion or a usage label?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "editorial-warrant-q01" }, { "text": "How should editors resolve conflicting attestations or distinguish an observed usage pattern from a usage recommendation?", "kind": "action", "id": "editorial-warrant-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "lexical-analysis-and-entry-design", "name": "Lexical analysis and entry design", "description": "Methods for organising lexical units and representing their meanings and uses.", "rationale": "Entry construction is a defining lexicographic problem that cannot be reduced to collecting words and definitions.", "layers": [ { "id": "entry-and-sense-organisation", "name": "Entry and sense organisation", "description": "Headword selection, lemmatisation, multiword treatment and sense grouping.", "findings": [ { "id": "lexical-unit-decisions", "name": "Lexical unit decisions", "description": "Record how a method determines entry boundaries and distinguishes or groups meanings.", "questions": [ { "text": "What rules place inflected forms, spelling variants and multiword expressions under separate entries or shared headwords?", "kind": "definition", "id": "lexical-unit-decisions-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence and user needs justify splitting or combining senses and separating homonyms?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "lexical-unit-decisions-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "meaning-and-use-representation", "name": "Meaning and use representation", "description": "Definitions, translation equivalents, examples and supporting lexical information.", "findings": [ { "id": "explanatory-treatment", "name": "Explanatory treatment", "description": "Record how entry components jointly explain meaning, grammatical behaviour and appropriate use.", "questions": [ { "text": "How are definitions or translation equivalents checked against sense evidence and the intended users' knowledge?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "explanatory-treatment-q01" }, { "text": "Which examples, collocations, grammatical patterns, pronunciation information and usage labels are needed for the stated consultation task?", "kind": "action", "id": "explanatory-treatment-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "access-evaluation-and-revision", "name": "Access, evaluation and revision", "description": "Methods for making lexical information findable, assessing its usefulness and maintaining its reliability.", "rationale": "Accurate entries still require usable access, and both lexical descriptions and consultation methods need evaluation over time.", "layers": [ { "id": "retrieval-and-consultation", "name": "Retrieval and consultation", "description": "Access structures and evidence that users can find and interpret relevant lexical information.", "findings": [ { "id": "consultation-performance", "name": "Consultation performance", "description": "Record evaluation methods for headword lookup, search, cross-references and navigation within entries.", "questions": [ { "text": "How can users reach the relevant entry or sense when they know only an inflected form, a phrase or a meaning?", "kind": "action", "id": "consultation-performance-q01" }, { "text": "Which task-success, interpretation-error or lookup-time measures demonstrate useful access for the intended users?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "consultation-performance-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "quality-and-maintenance", "name": "Quality and maintenance", "description": "Review and revision methods for lexical treatments and the processes that produce them.", "findings": [ { "id": "revision-warrant", "name": "Revision warrant", "description": "Record criteria for correction and updating, including review of automated editorial assistance.", "questions": [ { "text": "What new usage evidence, user feedback or inconsistency should trigger a revision, and who reviews the decision?", "kind": "action", "id": "revision-warrant-q01" }, { "text": "How are automatically proposed entries, senses, definitions or examples checked for unsupported claims and misleading treatments?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "revision-warrant-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "This description covers both dictionary-making and its scholarly study; disciplinary traditions differ over the field's relationship to applied linguistics.", "The listed kinds overlap: a dictionary project can be practical, bilingual, historical and specialized at once.", "LMF and TEI concern representation and encoding, not universal editorial requirements; applicable editions and profiles require checking." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of lexicography this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Practical lexicography", "Theoretical lexicography (metalexicography)", "Monolingual lexicography", "Bilingual and multilingual lexicography", "Historical lexicography", "Specialized lexicography" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of lexicography this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "ISO 24613, Lexical Markup Framework (LMF), issued by ISO, provides a framework for representing lexical resources.", "The Text Encoding Initiative Consortium's TEI Guidelines include guidance for encoding dictionaries." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of lexicography this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Producing general dictionaries that explain meanings, usage, pronunciation and grammatical behaviour.", "Developing bilingual dictionaries for translation and language learning.", "Documenting historical meanings, spellings and changes in vocabulary.", "Creating specialized dictionaries for professional and technical domains.", "Documenting endangered and under-resourced languages in collaboration with language communities." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of lexicography this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Unrepresentative evidence can distort accounts of usage across regions, registers and social groups.", "Circular, ambiguous or excessively technical definitions can fail to explain a word to the intended user.", "Poorly distinguished senses and misleading translation equivalents can cause misunderstanding.", "Outdated entries can misrepresent current meanings, terminology or usage labels.", "Editorial choices can reproduce social prejudice or present contested usage judgments as neutral facts." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of lexicography this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "National and regional dictionary traditions differ in the weight they give to describing usage and prescribing preferred forms.", "Dictionaries of pluricentric languages differ in their coverage and labelling of regional vocabulary, spelling and pronunciation.", "Writing systems and local conventions affect headword selection, sorting and lookup methods." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of lexicography this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Lexicology", "difference": "Lexicology studies vocabulary and lexical relationships generally; lexicography focuses on lexical reference resources and their creation, use and evaluation." }, { "name": "Terminology", "difference": "Terminology focuses on specialized concepts and their designations; lexicography organizes lexical information for reference, including but not limited to specialized vocabulary." }, { "name": "Corpus linguistics", "difference": "Corpus linguistics investigates language through collections of language data; lexicography uses such evidence to construct and evaluate reference entries." }, { "name": "Semantics", "difference": "Semantics studies meaning broadly; lexicography selects and presents meaning information within resources designed for particular users." }, { "name": "Dictionary", "difference": "A dictionary is a reference resource; lexicography is the practice and field concerned with making and studying such resources." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of lexicography this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Which defining handbooks or reviews should anchor this model's treatment of practical and theoretical lexicography and their relationship to linguistics?", "Which exact classification codes and editions place lexicography, and do they classify the field itself or dictionary publications?", "Which societies, journals and degree programmes provide verified institutional markers across different linguistic traditions?", "Where should this registry draw the boundary around terminography, encyclopedic dictionaries and lexical resources built primarily for machines?", "Which evaluation methods have empirical support for different dictionary purposes, particularly under automated compilation and updating?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 17, "questions": 27 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "discipline or field of knowledge", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a lexicography, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to recognise lexicography as a field and practice, assess how lexical reference resources are designed and evaluated, and identify justified improvements.", "characteristics": { "substance": "information", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "read and interpreted" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: orismology, terminography, technical lexicography, historical lexicography, digital lexicography.", "5 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 82 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a lexicography, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "content that has to be carried by something else", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "read it and act on what it says" ], "howItIsRecognised": [], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "orismology", "terminography", "technical lexicography", "historical lexicography", "digital lexicography" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 82 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 5 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one lexicography from another, and a lexicography from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a lexicography, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a lexicography, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a lexicography is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a lexicography, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a lexicography, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a lexicography is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a lexicography sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a lexicography, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a lexicography, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a lexicography is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a lexicography from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a lexicography, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a lexicography, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a lexicography is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a lexicography passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a lexicography between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a lexicography, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a lexicography, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a lexicography is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a lexicography, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a lexicography is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a lexicography, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a lexicography, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a lexicography is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "content-and-access", "name": "Content, encoding and access", "description": "What a lexicography says, how it is encoded and who may read it.", "rationale": "An informational thing carries content that can be copied, versioned and withheld, none of which its physical carrier explains.", "layers": [ { "id": "content-and-encoding", "name": "Content and encoding", "description": "The content itself, its format and its language.", "findings": [ { "id": "content-and-format", "name": "Content, format and language", "description": "What a lexicography contains and in what form it is held.", "questions": [ { "id": "content-and-format-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the content of a lexicography, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the content of a lexicography, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the content of a lexicography is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "access-and-rights", "name": "Access, rights and retention", "description": "Who may read, copy or change it, and for how long it is kept.", "findings": [ { "id": "access-rules", "name": "Access rules and retention", "description": "The permissions attached to a lexicography and the period it survives.", "questions": [ { "id": "access-rules-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes access to a lexicography, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about access to a lexicography, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once access to a lexicography is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "subject-and-method", "name": "Subject matter and method", "description": "What lexicography studies and how it establishes anything.", "rationale": "A field is identified by its questions and its methods, and those are what distinguish it from the fields next to it.", "layers": [ { "id": "subject", "name": "Subject matter", "description": "The questions it takes as its own.", "findings": [ { "id": "subject-record", "name": "Questions and objects of study", "description": "What it is about, stated so a neighbouring field can be told apart.", "questions": [ { "id": "subject-record-q01", "text": "What questions and objects does lexicography take as its own?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "subject-record-q02", "text": "Which questions does it share with a neighbouring field, and who claims them?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "method", "name": "Method and evidence", "description": "How claims are established and what counts as evidence.", "findings": [ { "id": "method-record", "name": "Methods and standards of evidence", "description": "The methods used and what they are taken to establish.", "questions": [ { "id": "method-record-q01", "text": "By what methods does lexicography establish claims, and what counts as sufficient evidence?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "method-record-q02", "text": "What kind of claim can this field not settle, and where should an agent look instead?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "institutions-and-classification", "name": "Institutions and classification", "description": "Where lexicography is practised and how catalogues place it.", "rationale": "The institutional footprint is the evidence that a field exists as a field rather than as a topic.", "layers": [ { "id": "institutions", "name": "Institutional markers", "description": "Societies, journals, degrees and departments.", "findings": [ { "id": "institution-record", "name": "Bodies and venues", "description": "Where the field organises itself.", "questions": [ { "id": "institution-record-q01", "text": "Which societies, journals or degrees mark lexicography as an established field?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "institution-record-q02", "text": "What would show that it is emerging or dissolving rather than established?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification", "name": "Classification schemes", "description": "Where library and research classifications put it.", "findings": [ { "id": "classification-record", "name": "Codes and their disagreements", "description": "The classification codes that place it, and where they differ.", "questions": [ { "id": "classification-record-q01", "text": "Which classification schemes place lexicography, under what codes?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "classification-record-q02", "text": "Where do those schemes disagree about its scope?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a lexicography came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a lexicography and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a lexicography, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a lexicography, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a lexicography is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a lexicography is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a lexicography, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a lexicography, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a lexicography is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }