{ "model": { "rank": 5498, "code": "thing-q184664", "model_id": "vr.tr.tithe", "name": "tithe", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise a tithe, establish the rule and resources it concerns, assess its fulfilment, and identify actions permitted by the applicable authority.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Information and virtual systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "INF", "domain": "INF.KNW", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q184664/", "tier": 2, "score": 67, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "ruga", "First tithe", "tiend" ], "aliasCount": 3, "merged": 3, "knownIn": 67, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q184664", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184664", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T22:29:45Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 25.9, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08849-c238-7c10-afe1-e56abc835e39\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: tithe\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: INF.KNW\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 1001 things:\n# Batch 005: 1001 registere", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 55.7, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08849-c236-70e2-8c14-df013042a0ae\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: tithe\nRegistry id: vr.tr.tithe\nPlane / domain: INF / INF.KNW\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\n\nContext for " } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q184664", "registryId": "vr.tr.tithe", "name": "tithe", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "INF.KNW" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q184664/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.tithe", "name": "tithe", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise a tithe, establish the rule and resources it concerns, assess its fulfilment, and identify actions permitted by the applicable authority.", "definition": "A tithe is a contribution or levy, traditionally amounting to one tenth of specified produce, earnings, or property, prescribed or given for religious support and, in some traditions, charitable purposes.", "scope_statement": "This model owns tithe as a religiously grounded contribution or levy conventionally associated with a tenth, including its governing rule, assessment, allocation and fulfilment; it distinguishes the obligation or practice from an individual payment and does not treat tithe as a discipline despite its supplied registry placement.", "in_scope": [ "Identification of a contribution or obligation as a tithe within a specified tradition, institution, place and period", "Rules establishing contributors, eligible resources, recipients and exemptions", "Assessment base, prescribed share, valuation and timing", "Collection, delivery, allocation and evidence of fulfilment", "Disputed interpretations, arrears, substitutions and changes to the tithe arrangement" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Religious doctrine beyond what establishes or interprets the tithe", "General taxation and public finance", "Donations and almsgiving without an established connection to tithing", "Complete accounting records of contributors or recipient institutions", "Ownership and land-tenure systems except where they determine tithe liability", "Other religious dues whose identity and rules require separate models" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "The practice or obligation must be identified as a tithe by a relevant source or community; a payment of exactly ten percent is insufficient by itself.", "A tenth is a conventional reference point, but the model must establish the applicable share and calculation rule rather than infer them from the name.", "A tithe has a religious institutional or normative basis, even where civil authorities administer or enforce it.", "Its classification as compulsory, voluntary or contested must follow the specified setting; calling something a tithe does not establish civil enforceability.", "A particular transfer fulfils a tithe only if its contributor, recipient, resources and timing satisfy the applicable arrangement." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Tradition and setting", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Named community or tradition, institution, territory and historical period", "why_it_matters": "The name alone does not determine which tithe rules apply." }, { "name": "Object represented", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Normative rule | recurring practice | assessed obligation | individual contribution", "why_it_matters": "Prevents an agent from treating a rule as a payment or one payment as the whole practice." }, { "name": "Basis of obligation", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Religious prescription | institutional requirement | civil requirement | voluntary commitment | contested | unresolved; multiple values allowed", "why_it_matters": "Determines which authorities and consequences are relevant." }, { "name": "Assessment base", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Source-defined eligible produce, receipts, income, increase or other resources, with inclusions and deductions", "why_it_matters": "The same nominal share can yield different obligations under different bases." }, { "name": "Prescribed share", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Percent or fraction of the specified base; record any fixed or substituted amount separately", "why_it_matters": "Supports calculation without assuming every arrangement uses an unqualified ten percent." }, { "name": "Assessment and delivery schedule", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Source-defined period, triggering event, due date and delivery frequency", "why_it_matters": "Separates when liability arises from when fulfilment is due." }, { "name": "Contributor and recipient eligibility", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Liable or participating parties, authorised recipients and qualifying conditions", "why_it_matters": "A transfer to a religious body does not automatically fulfil a particular tithe." }, { "name": "Fulfilment status", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Unassessed | assessed | not yet due | partially fulfilled | fulfilled | overdue | exempt | disputed | unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Supports action while preserving uncertainty about liability and evidence." } ], "affordances": [ "Identify the applicable tithe arrangement from its tradition, authority, place and period.", "Determine whether a contributor and resource fall within the arrangement, including exemptions.", "Calculate an assessment when the base, share and valuation rules are established.", "Check whether a proposed recipient, payment form and delivery date can fulfil the obligation.", "Reconcile assessed dues with evidenced contributions and flag unresolved differences.", "Refer interpretive or enforcement disputes to the authority competent in that setting." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "tithe-identity-and-authority", "name": "Tithe identity and authority", "description": "Establishes what is being called a tithe and which authority gives that designation operational meaning.", "rationale": "Neither a religious payment nor a ten-percent transfer is sufficient to identify the applicable tithe.", "layers": [ { "id": "recognised-tithe-sense", "name": "Recognised tithe sense", "description": "Distinguishes the tithe rule, recurring practice, obligation and contribution.", "findings": [ { "id": "basis-for-tithe-designation", "name": "Basis for tithe designation", "description": "Record the source-supported use of the term without equating all religious dues with tithes.", "questions": [ { "text": "Who identifies this arrangement as a tithe, and what term do they use?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "basis-for-tithe-designation-q01" }, { "text": "Does this instance represent a rule, a practice, an assessed obligation or a particular contribution?", "kind": "definition", "id": "basis-for-tithe-designation-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "governing-tithe-rule", "name": "Governing tithe rule", "description": "Locates the authority and limits of the arrangement.", "findings": [ { "id": "authority-and-applicability", "name": "Authority and applicability", "description": "Record the governing text or decision, its interpretation and its temporal and community boundaries.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which text, institutional decision, custom or commitment establishes this tithe?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "authority-and-applicability-q01" }, { "text": "For which community, territory and period does that authority apply?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "authority-and-applicability-q02" }, { "text": "Does the rule establish religious duty, institutional participation, civil liability or a voluntary commitment?", "kind": "definition", "id": "authority-and-applicability-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "tithe-liability-and-assessment", "name": "Tithe liability and assessment", "description": "Determines who contributes, which resources count and how the contribution is assessed.", "rationale": "A nominal tenth is not calculable until the liable party and assessment base are established.", "layers": [ { "id": "liable-parties-and-resources", "name": "Liable parties and resources", "description": "Defines participation or liability and the resources subject to the tithe.", "findings": [ { "id": "assessment-boundary", "name": "Assessment boundary", "description": "Record qualifying contributors, eligible resources, exclusions and exemptions.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which persons, households, holdings or organisations owe or undertake this tithe?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "assessment-boundary-q01" }, { "text": "Which resources enter the assessment base, and which deductions or exemptions are explicitly recognised?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "assessment-boundary-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "share-valuation-and-period", "name": "Share, valuation and period", "description": "Makes the assessed contribution reproducible.", "findings": [ { "id": "reproducible-tithe-assessment", "name": "Reproducible tithe assessment", "description": "Record the applicable share, assessment period and treatment of valuation or substitution.", "questions": [ { "text": "What fraction or amount applies, and to which measured base and period?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "reproducible-tithe-assessment-q01" }, { "text": "If resources are valued or replaced by money, which conversion, valuation date and rounding rules are authorised?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "reproducible-tithe-assessment-q02" }, { "text": "What event establishes the obligation, and when does delivery become due?", "kind": "definition", "id": "reproducible-tithe-assessment-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "tithe-recipient-and-delivery", "name": "Tithe recipient and delivery", "description": "Connects an assessed contribution to authorised receipt and use.", "rationale": "Correct quantity alone cannot establish fulfilment when recipient eligibility or delivery conditions matter.", "layers": [ { "id": "recipient-and-beneficiary", "name": "Recipient and beneficiary", "description": "Distinguishes the collector, authorised recipient and intended beneficiary.", "findings": [ { "id": "authorised-allocation", "name": "Authorised allocation", "description": "Record who may receive the tithe and whether its use is restricted.", "questions": [ { "text": "Who may collect and receive this tithe, and who is entitled to benefit from it?", "kind": "definition", "id": "authorised-allocation-q01" }, { "text": "What allocation or use restrictions apply, and which authority establishes them?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "authorised-allocation-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "acceptable-delivery", "name": "Acceptable delivery", "description": "Specifies the form and conditions of a qualifying contribution.", "findings": [ { "id": "qualifying-tithe-transfer", "name": "Qualifying tithe transfer", "description": "Record acceptable goods or payment forms, delivery conditions and evidence of receipt.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which forms of contribution and substitutions are permitted for this tithe?", "kind": "action", "id": "qualifying-tithe-transfer-q01" }, { "text": "What delivery conditions and evidence of receipt establish that the contribution reached an authorised recipient?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "qualifying-tithe-transfer-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "tithe-fulfilment-and-contestation", "name": "Tithe fulfilment and contestation", "description": "Assesses outstanding obligations and handles disagreement or changes to the arrangement.", "rationale": "Assessment, receipt and authoritative acceptance can differ, so fulfilment must remain open to evidence and interpretation.", "layers": [ { "id": "assessment-to-fulfilment", "name": "Assessment to fulfilment", "description": "Relates contributions to the obligations they are intended to discharge.", "findings": [ { "id": "tithe-balance-and-acceptance", "name": "Tithe balance and acceptance", "description": "Record the assessed amount, credited contributions and any unresolved balance or acceptance condition.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which evidenced contributions are credited against this assessment, and what balance remains?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "tithe-balance-and-acceptance-q01" }, { "text": "What rule or competent authority determines that the tithe has been fulfilled?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "tithe-balance-and-acceptance-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "dispute-remedy-and-change", "name": "Dispute, remedy and change", "description": "Tracks contested assessments and authorised changes to tithe obligations.", "findings": [ { "id": "unsettled-tithe-obligation", "name": "Unsettled tithe obligation", "description": "Record the disputed issue, available review process and effects of exemption, remission or termination where applicable.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the disagreement about authority, liability, calculation, recipient eligibility or recognition of fulfilment?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "unsettled-tithe-obligation-q01" }, { "text": "Who may review, waive, revise or enforce the obligation, and what actions are supported by the applicable rule?", "kind": "action", "id": "unsettled-tithe-obligation-q02" }, { "text": "If the arrangement changes or ends, how are previously assessed but unfulfilled obligations treated?", "kind": "action", "id": "unsettled-tithe-obligation-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "This describes the religious and historical economic institution; the supplied INF.KNW classification should be checked because a tithe is not ordinarily a discipline or field of knowledge.", "The kinds listed combine historical ecclesiastical assessment categories with Jewish ritual categories; they are not a single mutually exclusive taxonomy.", "Specific obligations, exemptions, calculation methods, and present applicability require checking the relevant tradition, period, and jurisdiction." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of tithe this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Predial tithes, assessed on products of the land", "Mixed tithes, assessed on livestock and animal products in historical ecclesiastical classifications", "Personal tithes, assessed on earnings from labour or trade", "First tithe (ma'aser rishon) in Jewish tradition", "Second tithe (ma'aser sheni) in Jewish tradition", "Poor tithe (ma'aser ani) in Jewish tradition" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of tithe this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "The Torah, Numbers 18, prescribes tithes supporting the Levites and a contribution from those tithes to the priests.", "The Torah, Deuteronomy 14, prescribes uses of tithes involving sacred meals and periodic provision for Levites and vulnerable people." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of tithe this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Supporting clergy and religious institutions", "Providing agricultural produce or its monetary equivalent to entitled recipients", "Supporting poor and otherwise vulnerable people under particular religious prescriptions", "Structuring regular religious giving as a proportion of income", "Historically collecting compulsory dues through ecclesiastical or civil institutions" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of tithe this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Nominal tithe rate", "typical_range": "Traditionally 10%; the assessable base and actual obligation depend on the system", "unit": "percent of assessable produce, earnings, or property" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of tithe this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Treating distinct Jewish and Christian tithe systems as a single uniform practice", "Calculating an obligation without specifying whether the base is gross receipts, net earnings, produce, or another category", "Confusing voluntary religious giving with historically enforceable dues", "Assuming that several prescribed tithes simply add together without checking their sequence and applicable years", "Financial hardship or conflict where collection is coercive or ignores the contributor's circumstances" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of tithe this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Jewish agricultural tithes distinguish recipients, uses, and years within a recurring cycle, with applicability connected to the Land of Israel.", "Historical European Christian tithe systems differed in assessment, collection rights, exemptions, and eventual commutation or abolition.", "Christian denominations and congregations differ over whether tithing is obligatory, recommended, or superseded by other approaches to giving." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of tithe this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Tax", "difference": "A tax is imposed under public authority; a tithe is identified by its religious institutional context and traditional tenth, although historical tithes could also be legally compulsory." }, { "name": "Almsgiving", "difference": "Almsgiving directly concerns assistance to people in need and need not follow a fixed rate; a tithe may instead support religious personnel or institutions." }, { "name": "Offering", "difference": "An offering is a broader religious gift and need not be calculated as one tenth." }, { "name": "Zakat", "difference": "Zakat is a distinct Islamic obligation with its own eligible assets, thresholds, rates, and recipients; it is not a synonym for tithe." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of tithe this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Which source and intended sense underlie vr.tr.tithe, and why is it placed in INF / INF.KNW?", "Does an existing Vercy world model already cover tithe or provide the authoritative model to which this registry entry should link?", "Which traditions and historical settings must the eventual researched model cover to establish defensible common features?", "When do source communities retain the name tithe for contributions whose rate or assessment method differs from a literal tenth?", "Which setting-specific distinctions between religious duty, voluntary practice and civil liability require explicit variants within this single registry entry?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 9, "findings": 16, "questions": 27 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "discipline or field of knowledge", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a tithe, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to recognise a tithe, establish the rule and resources it concerns, assess its fulfilment, and identify actions permitted by the applicable authority.", "characteristics": { "substance": "information", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "read and interpreted" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: ruga, First tithe, tiend.", "3 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 67 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a tithe, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "content that has to be carried by something else", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "read it and act on what it says" ], "howItIsRecognised": [], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "ruga", "First tithe", "tiend" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 67 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 3 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one tithe from another, and a tithe from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a tithe, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a tithe, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a tithe is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a tithe, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a tithe, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a tithe is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a tithe sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a tithe, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a tithe, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a tithe is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a tithe from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a tithe, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a tithe, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a tithe is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a tithe passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a tithe between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a tithe, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a tithe, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a tithe is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a tithe, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a tithe is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a tithe, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a tithe, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a tithe is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "content-and-access", "name": "Content, encoding and access", "description": "What a tithe says, how it is encoded and who may read it.", "rationale": "An informational thing carries content that can be copied, versioned and withheld, none of which its physical carrier explains.", "layers": [ { "id": "content-and-encoding", "name": "Content and encoding", "description": "The content itself, its format and its language.", "findings": [ { "id": "content-and-format", "name": "Content, format and language", "description": "What a tithe contains and in what form it is held.", "questions": [ { "id": "content-and-format-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the content of a tithe, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the content of a tithe, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the content of a tithe is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "access-and-rights", "name": "Access, rights and retention", "description": "Who may read, copy or change it, and for how long it is kept.", "findings": [ { "id": "access-rules", "name": "Access rules and retention", "description": "The permissions attached to a tithe and the period it survives.", "questions": [ { "id": "access-rules-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes access to a tithe, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about access to a tithe, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once access to a tithe is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "subject-and-method", "name": "Subject matter and method", "description": "What tithe studies and how it establishes anything.", "rationale": "A field is identified by its questions and its methods, and those are what distinguish it from the fields next to it.", "layers": [ { "id": "subject", "name": "Subject matter", "description": "The questions it takes as its own.", "findings": [ { "id": "subject-record", "name": "Questions and objects of study", "description": "What it is about, stated so a neighbouring field can be told apart.", "questions": [ { "id": "subject-record-q01", "text": "What questions and objects does tithe take as its own?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "subject-record-q02", "text": "Which questions does it share with a neighbouring field, and who claims them?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "method", "name": "Method and evidence", "description": "How claims are established and what counts as evidence.", "findings": [ { "id": "method-record", "name": "Methods and standards of evidence", "description": "The methods used and what they are taken to establish.", "questions": [ { "id": "method-record-q01", "text": "By what methods does tithe establish claims, and what counts as sufficient evidence?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "method-record-q02", "text": "What kind of claim can this field not settle, and where should an agent look instead?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "institutions-and-classification", "name": "Institutions and classification", "description": "Where tithe is practised and how catalogues place it.", "rationale": "The institutional footprint is the evidence that a field exists as a field rather than as a topic.", "layers": [ { "id": "institutions", "name": "Institutional markers", "description": "Societies, journals, degrees and departments.", "findings": [ { "id": "institution-record", "name": "Bodies and venues", "description": "Where the field organises itself.", "questions": [ { "id": "institution-record-q01", "text": "Which societies, journals or degrees mark tithe as an established field?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "institution-record-q02", "text": "What would show that it is emerging or dissolving rather than established?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification", "name": "Classification schemes", "description": "Where library and research classifications put it.", "findings": [ { "id": "classification-record", "name": "Codes and their disagreements", "description": "The classification codes that place it, and where they differ.", "questions": [ { "id": "classification-record-q01", "text": "Which classification schemes place tithe, under what codes?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "classification-record-q02", "text": "Where do those schemes disagree about its scope?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a tithe came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a tithe and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a tithe, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a tithe, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a tithe is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a tithe is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a tithe, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a tithe, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a tithe is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }