{ "model": { "rank": 5146, "code": "thing-q185006", "model_id": "vr.tr.calcium-oxide", "name": "calcium oxide", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise calcium oxide, assess its composition and reactivity, and determine whether a particular material is suitable for an intended use or handling action.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.MAT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q185006/", "tier": 2, "score": 69, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [], "aliasCount": 0, "merged": 0, "knownIn": 69, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q185006", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185006", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T21:45:50Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 24.3, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08821-741a-72f0-bc8c-2facd82c232c\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: calcium oxide\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.MAT\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 1001 things:\n# Batch 005: 1001 r", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 62.1, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08821-7403-70f2-bb77-5ada4ade5b69\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: calcium oxide\nRegistry id: vr.tr.calcium-oxide\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.MAT\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q185006", "registryId": "vr.tr.calcium-oxide", "name": "calcium oxide", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.MAT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q185006/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.calcium-oxide", "name": "calcium oxide", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise calcium oxide, assess its composition and reactivity, and determine whether a particular material is suitable for an intended use or handling action.", "definition": "Calcium oxide (CaO), commonly called quicklime, is a basic inorganic oxide composed of calcium and oxygen that forms a crystalline solid under ambient conditions and reacts exothermically with water to produce calcium hydroxide.", "scope_statement": "This model owns calcium oxide (CaO), registry entry vr.tr.calcium-oxide, as a chemical substance and the composition, grade, physical form, transformation state and handling constraints of material identified as calcium oxide or quicklime.", "in_scope": [ "Chemical identity and distinction between calcium oxide and commercial quicklime compositions", "CaO content, impurities, grade and evidence of suitability for a stated use", "Physical form, phase, particle size and condition-dependent properties", "Hydration, carbonation and the resulting loss of unreacted calcium oxide", "Reactivity, storage condition, exposure hazards and applicable substance classifications" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Calcium hydroxide as a separately supplied substance", "Calcium carbonate, limestone and their geological deposits", "Complete formulations containing calcium oxide, including cement and mixed treatment products", "Lime kilns, calcination plants and their operating models", "Slaking equipment and complete industrial slaking procedures", "Biological calcium metabolism and dietary calcium requirements" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "The chemical identity is CaO; a material described only as lime needs evidence distinguishing oxide, hydroxide, carbonate and mixtures.", "Contact with water converts CaO to calcium hydroxide and releases heat; the extent of conversion distinguishes fresh quicklime from partly or fully slaked material.", "Carbonation produces calcium carbonate, so a weathered sample may retain the quicklime label while containing substantially less unreacted CaO.", "Total calcium or a result reported as CaO equivalent does not by itself establish that calcium oxide is the calcium-bearing phase.", "Commercial quicklime can contain other oxides and mineral phases; its name alone does not establish pure CaO or a particular grade." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Chemical and registry identity", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "CaO; vr.tr.calcium-oxide; verified CAS, EC and PubChem identifiers", "why_it_matters": "Connects the substance to reference records while preventing ambiguous lime names from determining identity." }, { "name": "Unreacted calcium oxide content", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Mass percent, with analytical method and reporting basis", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes actual CaO from total calcium, CaO-equivalent reporting and transformed calcium phases." }, { "name": "Hydroxide and carbonate content", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Mass percent Ca(OH)2 and CaCO3, with method and sampling date", "why_it_matters": "Indicates hydration or carbonation and helps explain changes in performance." }, { "name": "Impurity composition", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Mass percent or mg/kg of identified constituents, including MgO and application-relevant contaminants", "why_it_matters": "Determines whether commercial quicklime meets the composition requirements of its intended use." }, { "name": "Grade and intended-use specification", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Named specification, edition, intended application and supporting certificate", "why_it_matters": "Prevents an industrial grade from being treated as suitable for every use." }, { "name": "Physical form and size distribution", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Powder, granules or lumps; particle sizes in µm or mm with distribution and method", "why_it_matters": "Affects dust generation, handling and the rate of reaction with water." }, { "name": "Phase and thermal properties", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Observed phase; transition temperatures in K or °C with pressure, purity and source", "why_it_matters": "Supports condition-specific identification without treating reference constants as universal sample properties." }, { "name": "Slaking reactivity", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Temperature rise in °C and elapsed time in s or min under a named test protocol", "why_it_matters": "Measures how rapidly a particular quicklime material reacts with water." }, { "name": "Storage and weathering state", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Documented moisture and air exposure, packaging integrity, caking and analytical evidence of transformation", "why_it_matters": "Supports decisions to retain, retest or reject material after storage." }, { "name": "Hazard classification and exposure criteria", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Current SDS and applicable classification; exposure limits in mg/m³ with jurisdiction, aerosol fraction and averaging period", "why_it_matters": "Connects dust exposure and water-reactivity decisions to the actual supplied material and governing requirements." } ], "affordances": [ "Resolve whether an item labelled lime is calcium oxide, another calcium compound or a mixture requiring further identification.", "Compare a lot's measured composition and reactivity against an intended-use specification.", "Determine whether storage exposure warrants retesting for hydration or carbonation.", "Estimate reaction quantities from verified reactive CaO content while recording assumptions and uncertainty.", "Select handling and storage requirements from the material's current safety documentation and planned operation.", "Trace a suitability decision to sampling records, analytical methods and supplier evidence." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "cao-identity-and-boundaries", "name": "CaO identity and boundaries", "description": "Establishes when a record represents calcium oxide and when it represents another lime substance or a mixed product.", "rationale": "Lime terminology and oxide-equivalent analyses can obscure the chemical species actually present.", "layers": [ { "id": "chemical-identity", "name": "Chemical identity", "description": "Connects the CaO identity to authoritative identifiers and identification evidence.", "findings": [ { "id": "verified-cao-identity", "name": "Verified CaO identity", "description": "Record evidence establishing calcium oxide identity independently of trade names.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which authoritative records establish the CAS number, EC number and PubChem CID for CaO?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "verified-cao-identity-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence shows that the material contains calcium oxide rather than merely calcium reported as CaO equivalent?", "kind": "definition", "id": "verified-cao-identity-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "quicklime-product-boundary", "name": "Quicklime product boundary", "description": "Separates the chemical substance from commercial quicklime grades and neighbouring calcium compounds.", "findings": [ { "id": "lime-name-resolution", "name": "Lime name resolution", "description": "Record what a supplied lime name denotes and which additional constituents require product-level treatment.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the supplied name denote high-calcium quicklime, a magnesium-bearing quicklime, hydrated lime or another material?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "lime-name-resolution-q01" }, { "text": "Which constituents or additives require a linked mixture or product model beyond this CaO model?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "lime-name-resolution-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "composition-and-grade", "name": "Composition and grade", "description": "Captures how much usable calcium oxide is present and what composition constraints govern its application.", "rationale": "Total calcium, reactive CaO and application suitability are different judgments requiring distinct evidence.", "layers": [ { "id": "cao-assay-basis", "name": "CaO assay basis", "description": "Makes composition results interpretable across laboratories and specifications.", "findings": [ { "id": "measured-cao-fraction", "name": "Measured CaO fraction", "description": "Record assay definitions, methods and reporting bases before interpreting a percentage as usable CaO.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the reported value measure total calcium as CaO, free CaO or available lime under a specified test?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "measured-cao-fraction-q01" }, { "text": "Is the result reported as received, on a dry basis or on another basis, and what sampling uncertainty applies?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "measured-cao-fraction-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "impurities-and-use-qualification", "name": "Impurities and use qualification", "description": "Connects impurity measurements and grade claims to the proposed use.", "findings": [ { "id": "application-specific-acceptance", "name": "Application-specific acceptance", "description": "Record the requirements that make a particular quicklime lot acceptable for an application.", "questions": [ { "text": "What limits apply to MgO, residual carbonate, insoluble matter and trace contaminants for the intended use?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "application-specific-acceptance-q01" }, { "text": "Which specification and lot-specific evidence support accepting or rejecting this material for that use?", "kind": "action", "id": "application-specific-acceptance-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "physical-form-and-reactivity", "name": "Physical form and reactivity", "description": "Describes physical properties that affect recognition, handling and reaction behaviour.", "rationale": "CaO composition alone does not predict the dustiness or slaking behaviour of a particular quicklime lot.", "layers": [ { "id": "particle-and-phase-properties", "name": "Particle and phase properties", "description": "Records particle form and condition-dependent reference or sample measurements.", "findings": [ { "id": "conditioned-physical-properties", "name": "Conditioned physical properties", "description": "Keep particle measurements, density definitions and thermal properties tied to their measurement conditions.", "questions": [ { "text": "What particle-size distribution and fines fraction describe this powder, granule or lump material?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "conditioned-physical-properties-q01" }, { "text": "Which density and melting or boiling-point values are supported, and under what phase, pressure and purity conditions?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "conditioned-physical-properties-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "slaking-performance", "name": "Slaking performance", "description": "Captures measured reaction behaviour under a defined water-contact test.", "findings": [ { "id": "test-defined-slaking-reactivity", "name": "Test-defined slaking reactivity", "description": "Record reaction rate and heat-development evidence without assuming all CaO lots behave alike.", "questions": [ { "text": "What temperature-time curve or specified reactivity endpoint was measured using which slaking test?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "test-defined-slaking-reactivity-q01" }, { "text": "What water ratio, initial temperature, particle preparation and agitation conditions are required to interpret that result?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "test-defined-slaking-reactivity-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "hydration-carbonation-and-storage", "name": "Hydration, carbonation and storage", "description": "Tracks chemical transformation during exposure to water, moisture and carbon dioxide.", "rationale": "A container can retain its calcium oxide label after its contents have partly transformed into hydroxide or carbonate.", "layers": [ { "id": "transformation-state", "name": "Transformation state", "description": "Distinguishes remaining CaO from its hydration and carbonation products.", "findings": [ { "id": "remaining-oxide-and-products", "name": "Remaining oxide and products", "description": "Record evidence of CaO consumption and the resulting calcium-bearing phases.", "questions": [ { "text": "What measurements distinguish remaining CaO from Ca(OH)2 and CaCO3 in the sampled material?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "remaining-oxide-and-products-q01" }, { "text": "At what measured composition should this item be represented as a transformed material or mixture rather than an acceptable quicklime lot?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "remaining-oxide-and-products-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "storage-exposure-history", "name": "Storage exposure history", "description": "Connects environmental exposure and packaging condition to decisions about continued use.", "findings": [ { "id": "weathering-and-retest-decision", "name": "Weathering and retest decision", "description": "Record exposure evidence and criteria for retesting material whose condition may have changed.", "questions": [ { "text": "What moisture ingress, air exposure, packaging damage or storage duration is documented for this lot?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "weathering-and-retest-decision-q01" }, { "text": "Which changes in assay, slaking performance or physical condition trigger retesting, segregation or rejection?", "kind": "action", "id": "weathering-and-retest-decision-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "exposure-and-handling-decisions", "name": "Exposure and handling decisions", "description": "Connects calcium oxide's dust and water-contact behaviour to evidence-based operational constraints.", "rationale": "Handling decisions must account for both particulate exposure and heat released during hydration.", "layers": [ { "id": "dust-and-contact-exposure", "name": "Dust and contact exposure", "description": "Records classifications and exposure criteria applicable to the supplied material.", "findings": [ { "id": "applicable-exposure-evidence", "name": "Applicable exposure evidence", "description": "Tie exposure judgments to the current SDS, jurisdiction and relevant dust fraction.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which current hazard classifications and exposure routes are documented for this calcium oxide grade?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "applicable-exposure-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Which occupational exposure limits apply, with what aerosol fraction, averaging period, units and jurisdiction?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "applicable-exposure-evidence-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "water-contact-and-compatibility", "name": "Water contact and compatibility", "description": "Distinguishes controlled hydration from unintended water contact and other incompatible conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "operation-specific-handling-constraints", "name": "Operation-specific handling constraints", "description": "Record the approved controls for the planned operation and its credible exposure conditions.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the planned action involve dry transfer, deliberate slaking, cleanup or another operation with different water-contact constraints?", "kind": "action", "id": "operation-specific-handling-constraints-q01" }, { "text": "What handling, segregation and emergency-response requirements are established by the applicable SDS and operating procedure?", "kind": "action", "id": "operation-specific-handling-constraints-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "This is recall-based information; no sources were consulted.", "Verify current standard editions, jurisdiction-specific GHS classifications and occupational exposure limits before regulatory use.", "Burning categories describe commercial processing and reactivity, not distinct chemical compounds; product purity, available lime and slaking behavior require measurement." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of calcium oxide this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "High-purity calcium oxide", "Commercial high-calcium quicklime", "Soft-burned quicklime", "Hard-burned quicklime", "Dead-burned quicklime" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of calcium oxide this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Chemical formula", "value_or_pattern": "CaO", "note": "Identifies the compound; commercial quicklime may contain other oxides and residual carbonate." }, { "scheme": "CAS Registry Number", "value_or_pattern": "1305-78-8", "note": "Calcium oxide." }, { "scheme": "EC number", "value_or_pattern": "215-138-9", "note": "European substance inventory identifier." }, { "scheme": "PubChem CID", "value_or_pattern": "14778", "note": "Calcium oxide compound record." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of calcium oxide this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "CEN EN 459-1 specifies definitions, specifications and conformity criteria for building lime, including quicklime products.", "ASTM International ASTM C5 specifies quicklime for structural purposes.", "ASTM International ASTM C110 provides physical testing methods for quicklime, hydrated lime and limestone.", "ASTM International ASTM C25 provides chemical analysis methods for limestone, quicklime and hydrated lime." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of calcium oxide this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Flux in iron and steel production, helping transfer impurities into slag.", "Manufacture of hydrated lime by controlled reaction with water.", "Soil stabilization and drying in civil engineering.", "Neutralization of acidic streams and treatment of water or wastewater.", "Regeneration of sodium hydroxide from sodium carbonate in the kraft pulping recovery cycle." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of calcium oxide this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Molar mass", "typical_range": "56.08", "unit": "g/mol" }, { "quantity": "Density of crystalline calcium oxide near room temperature", "typical_range": "approximately 3.34", "unit": "g/cm³" }, { "quantity": "Melting point", "typical_range": "approximately 2572", "unit": "°C" }, { "quantity": "Standard reaction enthalpy for CaO(s) + H2O(l) → Ca(OH)2(s)", "typical_range": "approximately -65", "unit": "kJ/mol" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of calcium oxide this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Hydration releases substantial heat and can cause overheating, boiling and splashing when water contacts bulk quicklime.", "Contact with moisture produces strongly alkaline calcium hydroxide; exposure can injure skin and severely damage eyes.", "Airborne dust irritates the respiratory tract.", "Exposure to atmospheric moisture and carbon dioxide converts the material toward hydroxide and carbonate, reducing available calcium oxide.", "Incomplete or delayed hydration of coarse or heavily burned particles can cause expansion and damage in construction materials." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of calcium oxide this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Construction lime specifications use different classification systems, including EN standards in Europe and ASTM standards in North America.", "Occupational exposure limits and legally required hazard labels depend on jurisdiction and require local verification." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of calcium oxide this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Calcium hydroxide", "difference": "Ca(OH)2 is hydrated or slaked lime; calcium oxide is CaO before hydration." }, { "name": "Calcium carbonate", "difference": "CaCO3 contains carbonate and releases carbon dioxide during calcination to produce calcium oxide." }, { "name": "Dolomitic quicklime", "difference": "Contains substantial magnesium oxide alongside calcium oxide and is a commercial mixed material." }, { "name": "Lime", "difference": "An umbrella term whose meaning may include quicklime, hydrated lime or other lime products; calcium oxide specifies one compound." }, { "name": "Cement", "difference": "A formulated binder containing reactive mineral phases; its reported CaO content does not imply that the calcium occurs as free calcium oxide." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of calcium oxide this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Which existing Vercy world model, if any, already owns calcium oxide or quicklime and should receive this registry link?", "Which authoritative sources confirm the substance identifiers and condition-specific physical constants, especially reported boiling-point values?", "How do the relevant standards define free CaO, available lime and quicklime grades, and which results can legitimately be compared?", "Which current jurisdiction-specific hazard classifications and occupational exposure limits apply to the intended users and supplied grades?", "What application-specific evidence establishes acceptable hydration, carbonation and storage-related deterioration thresholds?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 19, "questions": 29 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "chemical substance or material", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a calcium oxide, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to recognise calcium oxide, assess its composition and reactivity, and determine whether a particular material is suitable for an intended use or handling action.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "natural", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured", "consumed or used up" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Described in 69 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a calcium oxide, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state", "use it up, and then need more of it" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Not recognisable by sight in any reliable way. Appearance varies with grade, form and additives; identification is by label, by documentation, or by assay." ], "relatedModels": [], "standing": "Described in 69 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one calcium oxide from another, and a calcium oxide from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a calcium oxide, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a calcium oxide, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a calcium oxide is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a calcium oxide, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a calcium oxide, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a calcium oxide is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a calcium oxide sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a calcium oxide, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a calcium oxide, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a calcium oxide is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a calcium oxide from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a calcium oxide, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a calcium oxide, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a calcium oxide is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a calcium oxide is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a calcium oxide, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a calcium oxide, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a calcium oxide is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a calcium oxide is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a calcium oxide, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a calcium oxide, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a calcium oxide is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a calcium oxide is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a calcium oxide, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a calcium oxide, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a calcium oxide is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a calcium oxide is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a calcium oxide is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a calcium oxide, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a calcium oxide, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a calcium oxide is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a calcium oxide is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a calcium oxide, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a calcium oxide, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a calcium oxide is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a calcium oxide passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a calcium oxide between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a calcium oxide, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a calcium oxide, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a calcium oxide is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a calcium oxide, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a calcium oxide is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a calcium oxide, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a calcium oxide, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a calcium oxide is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "use-and-operation", "name": "Use and operation", "description": "What can be done with a calcium oxide and what it takes to do it.", "rationale": "An agent that can recognise a thing but not act on it has only half a model.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-use", "name": "Intended use and function", "description": "What a calcium oxide is for, and what it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-and-purpose", "name": "Function, purpose and misuse", "description": "The function a calcium oxide performs and the uses that fall outside it.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-and-purpose-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the use of a calcium oxide, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "function-and-purpose-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the use of a calcium oxide, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "function-and-purpose-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the use of a calcium oxide is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "handling-and-procedure", "name": "Handling and procedure", "description": "The steps, skills and tools involved in using a calcium oxide.", "findings": [ { "id": "procedures-and-skills", "name": "Procedures, skills and required tools", "description": "What an agent needs before it can act on a calcium oxide at all.", "questions": [ { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes handling a calcium oxide, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about handling a calcium oxide, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once handling a calcium oxide is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "supply-and-consumption", "name": "Supply and consumption", "description": "Quantities, rates and what running out means.", "findings": [ { "id": "consumption-and-stock", "name": "Consumption, stock and replenishment", "description": "How much of a calcium oxide there is and how fast it goes.", "questions": [ { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the supply of a calcium oxide, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the supply of a calcium oxide, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the supply of a calcium oxide is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "composition-and-identity", "name": "Composition, grade and chemical identity", "description": "What calcium oxide is made of and how pure the thing in hand is.", "rationale": "Grade decides what a substance may be used for, so a model that records only the name cannot support any decision about use.", "layers": [ { "id": "chemical-identity", "name": "Chemical identity", "description": "Formula, structure and the registry numbers that name it unambiguously.", "findings": [ { "id": "identity-record", "name": "Identity and registry numbers", "description": "What identifies this substance across suppliers and regulators.", "questions": [ { "id": "identity-record-q01", "text": "What formula, structure and registry identifiers name calcium oxide unambiguously?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "identity-record-q02", "text": "Which related substances share a name in common use but not an identifier?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "grade-and-impurities", "name": "Grade, purity and impurities", "description": "The specification a batch meets and what else is in it.", "findings": [ { "id": "specification", "name": "Specification and assay", "description": "How purity is stated and measured, and which impurities matter.", "questions": [ { "id": "specification-q01", "text": "What grades of calcium oxide exist, how is purity assayed, and which impurities are limited?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "specification-q02", "text": "Which use requires which grade, and what happens when a lower grade is substituted?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "properties-and-behaviour", "name": "Properties and behaviour", "description": "How calcium oxide behaves under conditions an agent can measure or change.", "rationale": "Physical constants are the part of a substance model that transfers between contexts, and each needs its unit and its conditions.", "layers": [ { "id": "physical-constants", "name": "Physical constants", "description": "Values that hold for the pure substance, with their conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "constants-record", "name": "Constants and conditions", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the state they apply in.", "questions": [ { "id": "constants-record-q01", "text": "What are the defining physical constants of calcium oxide, in what units and under what conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "constants-record-q02", "text": "Which of these values change with grade or form rather than being fixed?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "stability-and-reactivity", "name": "Stability and reactivity", "description": "What it reacts with, degrades into, and how it is stored.", "findings": [ { "id": "incompatibilities", "name": "Incompatibilities and degradation", "description": "What must not meet it, and what it becomes over time.", "questions": [ { "id": "incompatibilities-q01", "text": "What is calcium oxide incompatible with, and what does it degrade into under storage?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "incompatibilities-q02", "text": "What storage and handling does that require, and who is competent to do it?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "hazard-and-regulation", "name": "Hazard classification and regulation", "description": "How calcium oxide can harm, and what the law says about holding and moving it.", "rationale": "A substance model without its hazard class and its regulatory identity is unusable in exactly the situations that matter.", "layers": [ { "id": "hazard-class", "name": "Hazard classification", "description": "Classified hazards, exposure limits and protective measures.", "findings": [ { "id": "classified-hazards", "name": "Classified hazards and limits", "description": "The classification, the scheme it belongs to, and the limits set.", "questions": [ { "id": "classified-hazards-q01", "text": "How is calcium oxide classified for hazard, under which scheme, and what exposure limits apply?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "classified-hazards-q02", "text": "What protection does handling require, and what must an agent refuse to do without it?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "regulatory-identity", "name": "Regulatory identity and control", "description": "Registration, restriction and transport rules by jurisdiction.", "findings": [ { "id": "controls", "name": "Controls and jurisdiction", "description": "Where it is restricted and what the restriction attaches to.", "questions": [ { "id": "controls-q01", "text": "Which registrations, restrictions or transport rules cover calcium oxide, and where?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "controls-q02", "text": "Does the control attach to the substance, its concentration, or its intended use?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a calcium oxide came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a calcium oxide and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a calcium oxide, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a calcium oxide, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a calcium oxide is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a calcium oxide is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a calcium oxide, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a calcium oxide, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a calcium oxide is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 9, "layers": 20, "findings": 22, "questions": 60 } } } }