{ "model": { "rank": 4061, "code": "thing-q185087", "model_id": "vr.tr.abjad", "name": "abjad", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise an abjad, assess how a particular writing tradition represents consonants and vowels, and choose appropriate reading, annotation and transformation actions.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Information and virtual systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "INF", "domain": "INF.MED", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q185087/", "tier": 2, "score": 78, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "tactile abjad", "Syriac alphabet", "Semitic abjad", "Western Syriac script", "Eastern Syriac script", "Estrangela", "Hebrew-script-based alphabet" ], "aliasCount": 7, "merged": 7, "knownIn": 78, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q185087", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185087", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T19:23:18Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 21.1, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a0879e-ee86-7891-8546-e593aeb5eed1\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: abjad\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: INF.MED\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 695 things:\n# Batch 004: 1001 registered", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 64.1, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a0879e-ee96-7c01-a77f-832771da1807\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: abjad\nRegistry id: vr.tr.abjad\nPlane / domain: INF / INF.MED\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\n\nContext for " } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q185087", "registryId": "vr.tr.abjad", "name": "abjad", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "INF.MED" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q185087/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.abjad", "name": "abjad", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise an abjad, assess how a particular writing tradition represents consonants and vowels, and choose appropriate reading, annotation and transformation actions.", "definition": "An abjad is a writing system whose basic letters primarily represent consonants, while vowels are generally left unrepresented or indicated selectively through supplementary letters or marks.", "scope_statement": "This model owns abjad as a type of writing system and the properties needed to assess its instantiated traditions: consonant representation, vowel indication, orthographic conventions and reading dependencies; it does not assume that every language using a script uses it as an abjad.", "in_scope": [ "Classification of a writing system as an abjad within a specified language, period and orthographic tradition", "Consonant-bearing graphemes and their correspondence to linguistic units", "Omitted vowels, vowel points and consonant letters used to indicate vowels", "Orthographic conventions that govern optional and required vowel indication", "Reading ambiguity and context needed to interpret underspecified forms", "Constraints on transcription, transliteration, vocalisation and digital processing" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Individual texts, editions, files and physical inscriptions as authored or material objects", "Complete grammar and phonology of languages written using an abjad", "Abugidas, syllabaries and alphabets except for classification boundaries", "Typeface design, calligraphy and handwriting technique beyond their effect on grapheme recognition", "Abjad numeral values and numerical interpretation as separate uses of letters", "Copyright, publication rights and bibliographic identity of particular works" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "The ordinary spelling system principally represents consonants and permits vowels to remain systematically unwritten; occasional vowel omission alone does not establish an abjad.", "A consonant sign does not ordinarily require the default inherent-vowel interpretation characteristic of an abugida.", "Vowel points or vowel-bearing letters may supplement consonantal writing without automatically making the underlying orthography an alphabet.", "Classification depends on a script's use in a particular orthography, not solely on its name, visual appearance or direction of writing.", "The intended sense is a writing-system category, distinguishable from the use of 'abjad' for a letter ordering or a numeral system." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Classification context", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Script tradition, language, historical period and orthographic convention", "why_it_matters": "Prevents classification of every adaptation of the same script as an abjad." }, { "name": "Primary grapheme function", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Consonantal, vocalic, mixed, auxiliary or unresolved, assessed per grapheme", "why_it_matters": "Makes the consonant-centred organisation testable without assuming one letter has one fixed function." }, { "name": "Vowel representation mechanisms", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Omission, vowel points, vowel letters, matres lectionis or combinations", "why_it_matters": "Identifies how readers recover vowels and which distinctions the writing explicitly preserves." }, { "name": "Vocalisation convention", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Normally unmarked, selectively marked, routinely marked or context-dependent", "why_it_matters": "Separates the orthography's normal practice from the marking present in one text." }, { "name": "Vowel indication coverage", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Percentage of eligible vowel positions explicitly indicated in a defined sample, with counting rules", "why_it_matters": "Supports comparison of actual marking practices without treating a numerical threshold as the definition of an abjad." }, { "name": "Consonantal ambiguity", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Distinct consonants distinguished by base forms, auxiliary marks, context or combinations", "why_it_matters": "Prevents consonant-distinguishing marks from being mistaken for optional vowel notation." }, { "name": "Orthographic status", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Current, historical, restricted-use, proposed or unresolved within a named community", "why_it_matters": "Determines which conventions are appropriate for reading or producing a particular form." }, { "name": "Transformation recoverability", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Reversible, reversible with metadata, lossy or unresolved for a specified transformation", "why_it_matters": "Shows whether an agent can reconstruct distinctions after stripping marks, transliterating or normalising text." } ], "affordances": [ "Assess whether a specified orthographic tradition fits an explicit definition of abjad.", "Identify consonantal signs, vowel indications and other marks without conflating their functions.", "Generate possible vocalised readings while retaining ambiguity and the evidence for each candidate.", "Transliterate under a named convention and identify distinctions that the conversion loses.", "Check text against the vowel-marking conventions of its language, period and intended audience.", "Configure search and comparison rules that distinguish exact spelling from deliberately normalised matching." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "abjad-identity-and-boundaries", "name": "Abjad identity and boundaries", "description": "Establishes the intended sense and the orthographic unit being classified.", "rationale": "An agent must distinguish an abjad from neighbouring writing-system types and from other meanings of the same word.", "layers": [ { "id": "writing-system-sense", "name": "Writing-system sense", "description": "Anchors the entry to consonant-centred writing rather than letter ordering or numerical usage.", "findings": [ { "id": "classification-criterion", "name": "Classification criterion", "description": "Record the adopted definition and the evidence that consonants are primary while vowels can remain systematically unrepresented.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which definition of abjad governs classification, and what ordinary spelling practices satisfy it?", "kind": "definition", "id": "classification-criterion-q01" }, { "text": "Does the reference concern a writing-system type, an alphabetical ordering or letter-based numerals?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "classification-criterion-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "orthographic-unit", "name": "Orthographic unit", "description": "Locates classification in a specific use of a script.", "findings": [ { "id": "script-use-boundary", "name": "Script-use boundary", "description": "Record the language, period and convention being assessed, including adaptations that change how vowels are represented.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which language, period and orthographic tradition does the abjad classification apply to?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "script-use-boundary-q01" }, { "text": "Does this use systematically omit vowels, require independent vowel letters or assign inherent vowels to consonant signs?", "kind": "definition", "id": "script-use-boundary-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "consonantal-representation", "name": "Consonantal representation", "description": "Describes what the consonantal framework encodes and how its signs are distinguished.", "rationale": "Recognising an abjad requires evidence about grapheme functions rather than visual resemblance or an assumed letter inventory.", "layers": [ { "id": "consonant-graphemes", "name": "Consonant graphemes", "description": "Relates written units to consonantal distinctions within the selected orthography.", "findings": [ { "id": "grapheme-sound-correspondence", "name": "Grapheme-sound correspondence", "description": "Record consonant-bearing graphemes, multiletter units and context-dependent correspondences without assuming a one-to-one mapping.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which graphemes or grapheme sequences represent consonants in this orthography?", "kind": "definition", "id": "grapheme-sound-correspondence-q01" }, { "text": "Where do historical spelling, silent letters or merged sounds prevent a direct letter-to-consonant mapping?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "grapheme-sound-correspondence-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "sign-distinction", "name": "Sign distinction", "description": "Separates consonant identity from positional shapes and auxiliary notation.", "findings": [ { "id": "identity-bearing-marks", "name": "Identity-bearing marks", "description": "Record which marks distinguish consonants and which shape differences are contextual forms of the same grapheme.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which dots or other marks distinguish consonant identities, and which instead indicate vowels or pronunciation?", "kind": "definition", "id": "identity-bearing-marks-q01" }, { "text": "Which distinctions would disappear if an agent removed marks or collapsed visually related forms?", "kind": "action", "id": "identity-bearing-marks-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "vowel-indication", "name": "Vowel indication", "description": "Captures the mechanisms and conventions through which vowels are omitted or made explicit.", "rationale": "Vowel underspecification is central to an abjad, but its extent and mechanisms vary by orthography and use.", "layers": [ { "id": "vowel-mechanisms", "name": "Vowel mechanisms", "description": "Identifies vowel letters, points and dual-use consonant letters.", "findings": [ { "id": "explicit-and-implicit-vowels", "name": "Explicit and implicit vowels", "description": "Record how vowel quality, length or absence is indicated and when letters function as matres lectionis rather than consonants.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which vowel distinctions can be explicitly represented, and by which letters or marks?", "kind": "definition", "id": "explicit-and-implicit-vowels-q01" }, { "text": "What contextual rules distinguish a consonantal use of a letter from its use as a vowel indicator?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "explicit-and-implicit-vowels-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "vocalisation-practice", "name": "Vocalisation practice", "description": "Relates the amount of vowel notation to genre, audience and orthographic requirements.", "findings": [ { "id": "marking-requirements", "name": "Marking requirements", "description": "Record when vowel notation is required, optional or selectively added, distinguishing ordinary practice from a particular sample.", "questions": [ { "text": "Under which educational, liturgical, lexical or general-reading conventions are vowel indications required or optional?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "marking-requirements-q01" }, { "text": "What proportion of eligible vowel positions is indicated in the sample, and how are eligible positions defined?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "marking-requirements-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "reading-and-interpretation", "name": "Reading and interpretation", "description": "Models the evidence needed to interpret a consonantal spelling without hiding unresolved readings.", "rationale": "An abjad can leave distinctions unwritten, so agents must separate what a text states graphically from what they infer.", "layers": [ { "id": "reading-candidates", "name": "Reading candidates", "description": "Tracks plausible interpretations and the context that supports them.", "findings": [ { "id": "underspecified-readings", "name": "Underspecified readings", "description": "Record competing readings of an unvocalised form and the lexical, grammatical or discourse evidence used to distinguish them.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which readings remain compatible with the written consonants and any supplied vowel indications?", "kind": "definition", "id": "underspecified-readings-q01" }, { "text": "What linguistic context or attested reading supports choosing among those candidates?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "underspecified-readings-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "editorial-vocalisation", "name": "Editorial vocalisation", "description": "Controls additions that make an inferred reading explicit.", "findings": [ { "id": "added-vowels-as-interpretation", "name": "Added vowels as interpretation", "description": "Keep supplied vowel notation distinguishable from original notation and preserve unresolved alternatives.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which vowel indications belong to the source, and which were supplied by an editor or agent?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "added-vowels-as-interpretation-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence permits an agent to add vocalisation, and when must it return multiple candidates?", "kind": "action", "id": "added-vowels-as-interpretation-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "digital-handling-and-conversion", "name": "Digital handling and conversion", "description": "Defines appropriate handling of abjad distinctions during encoding, comparison and conversion.", "rationale": "Operations on marks and letter forms can alter consonant identity, erase vocalisation or introduce unsupported vowels.", "layers": [ { "id": "representation-and-matching", "name": "Representation and matching", "description": "Connects encoded sequences and rendered forms to orthographic identity.", "findings": [ { "id": "normalisation-boundaries", "name": "Normalisation boundaries", "description": "Specify which equivalences are appropriate for exact preservation, search and linguistic comparison.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which encoded sequences or contextual forms represent the same grapheme under the relevant convention?", "kind": "definition", "id": "normalisation-boundaries-q01" }, { "text": "For the requested search or comparison, may vowel marks be ignored while consonant-distinguishing marks remain significant?", "kind": "action", "id": "normalisation-boundaries-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "transliteration-and-transcription", "name": "Transliteration and transcription", "description": "Separates conversion of written signs from representation of an interpreted pronunciation.", "findings": [ { "id": "conversion-evidence-and-loss", "name": "Conversion evidence and loss", "description": "Record the conversion convention, treatment of unwritten vowels and information needed for reversal.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the requested output transliterate written graphemes or transcribe a supported pronunciation?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "conversion-evidence-and-loss-q01" }, { "text": "Which distinctions are lost or inferred, and what metadata would make the conversion reversible?", "kind": "action", "id": "conversion-evidence-and-loss-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "The intended sense is inferred to be the writing-system category; no sense was recorded.", "Pure and impure are established typological labels, but classification can depend on the particular language, orthography and historical period.", "This is recalled knowledge, not source-verified research." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of abjad this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Pure abjads, which do not systematically indicate vowels", "Impure abjads, which optionally or partially indicate vowels" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of abjad this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "ISO 15924", "value_or_pattern": "Four-letter script codes, such as Arab for Arabic and Hebr for Hebrew", "note": "Identifies particular scripts, not the typological category abjad." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of abjad this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Unicode Standard - Unicode Consortium: encodes characters used by abjad scripts and specifies relevant text-processing behavior.", "ISO 15924 - International Organization for Standardization: provides codes for names of scripts." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of abjad this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Everyday Arabic writing generally omits short-vowel marks.", "Everyday Hebrew writing generally omits vowel points.", "Vowel marks support pronunciation in educational materials, dictionaries and religious texts.", "Historical inscriptions and manuscripts use abjads such as Phoenician and Aramaic." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of abjad this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Unmarked vowels can leave words ambiguous without linguistic or contextual knowledge.", "Incorrect placement or omission of vowel marks can change the intended reading.", "Software that mishandles combining marks or bidirectional text can render or order text incorrectly." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of abjad this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Arabic-derived writing traditions differ in their added letters and conventions for representing vowels across languages.", "Hebrew writing varies in its use of vowel points and vowel-indicating letters by period, community and genre.", "Use of an Arabic-derived script does not by itself establish that an orthography is an abjad; some adaptations represent vowels systematically." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of abjad this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Alphabet", "difference": "An alphabet regularly represents both consonants and vowels with letters; an abjad primarily represents consonants." }, { "name": "Abugida", "difference": "An abugida normally gives a consonant sign an inherent vowel that modifications can change; an abjad does not generally assign consonant letters an inherent vowel." }, { "name": "Syllabary", "difference": "A syllabary uses basic signs for syllables rather than primarily for individual consonants." }, { "name": "Arabic script", "difference": "Arabic script is a particular script; abjad is a category that includes multiple writing systems." }, { "name": "Abjad numerals", "difference": "Abjad numerals assign numerical values to Arabic letters; this is a numerical convention rather than a writing-system category." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of abjad this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Which authoritative definition should govern borderline abjad classifications, including traditions with extensive vowel-letter use?", "Which registry entries or existing world models already cover writing systems, scripts and orthographies, and where should this model link to avoid duplication?", "Which representative language-period-orthography cases should be researched to establish the range of vowel-marking practices?", "What counting method can compare vowel indication coverage across traditions without obscuring their different spelling conventions?", "Which documented encoding and transliteration conventions should govern actionable transformations for each instantiated abjad tradition?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 18, "questions": 28 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "work, medium or creative form", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a abjad, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to recognise an abjad, assess how a particular writing tradition represents consonants and vowels, and choose appropriate reading, annotation and transformation actions.", "characteristics": { "substance": "information", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "read and interpreted", "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: tactile abjad, Syriac alphabet, Semitic abjad, Western Syriac script, Eastern Syriac script, Estrangela, Hebrew-script-based alphabet.", "7 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 78 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a abjad, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "content that has to be carried by something else", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "read it and act on what it says", "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "What is seen is a copy or a performance, not the work. Recognising the work means recognising the content through whatever is carrying it." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "tactile abjad", "Syriac alphabet", "Semitic abjad", "Western Syriac script", "Eastern Syriac script", "Estrangela", "Hebrew-script-based alphabet" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 78 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 7 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one abjad from another, and a abjad from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a abjad, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a abjad, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a abjad is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a abjad, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a abjad, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a abjad is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a abjad sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a abjad, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a abjad, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a abjad is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a abjad from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a abjad, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a abjad, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a abjad is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a abjad passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a abjad between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a abjad, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a abjad, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a abjad is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a abjad, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a abjad is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a abjad, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a abjad, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a abjad is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "content-and-access", "name": "Content, encoding and access", "description": "What a abjad says, how it is encoded and who may read it.", "rationale": "An informational thing carries content that can be copied, versioned and withheld, none of which its physical carrier explains.", "layers": [ { "id": "content-and-encoding", "name": "Content and encoding", "description": "The content itself, its format and its language.", "findings": [ { "id": "content-and-format", "name": "Content, format and language", "description": "What a abjad contains and in what form it is held.", "questions": [ { "id": "content-and-format-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the content of a abjad, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the content of a abjad, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the content of a abjad is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "access-and-rights", "name": "Access, rights and retention", "description": "Who may read, copy or change it, and for how long it is kept.", "findings": [ { "id": "access-rules", "name": "Access rules and retention", "description": "The permissions attached to a abjad and the period it survives.", "questions": [ { "id": "access-rules-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes access to a abjad, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about access to a abjad, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once access to a abjad is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "work-and-manifestation", "name": "Work, version and copy", "description": "Which level of abjad a statement is about.", "rationale": "The work, the edition, the file and the copy in hand are four things; rights and content attach to different ones.", "layers": [ { "id": "levels", "name": "Levels of the thing", "description": "Work, expression, manifestation and item, in plain terms.", "findings": [ { "id": "level-rules", "name": "What belongs at each level", "description": "Which facts hold for the work and which only for one copy.", "questions": [ { "id": "level-rules-q01", "text": "For abjad, which facts belong to the work itself, which to a version, and which to a single copy?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "level-rules-q02", "text": "What identifier exists at each level, and which one is being cited?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "versions", "name": "Versions, editions and variants", "description": "How versions differ and which is canonical to whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "version-record", "name": "Versions and canonicity", "description": "Differences that matter and who calls one authoritative.", "questions": [ { "id": "version-record-q01", "text": "Which versions or editions of abjad exist, and how do they differ substantively?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "version-record-q02", "text": "Who treats which version as authoritative, and for what purpose?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "authorship-and-rights", "name": "Authorship, rights and permitted use", "description": "Who made abjad and what may be done with it.", "rationale": "Rights are jurisdictional, time-limited and attached to a level, and an agent that ignores that will copy what it may not.", "layers": [ { "id": "authorship", "name": "Authorship and contribution", "description": "Who contributed what, and in what capacity.", "findings": [ { "id": "contribution-record", "name": "Contributors and roles", "description": "The people and bodies behind it, with their roles.", "questions": [ { "id": "contribution-record-q01", "text": "Who authored or contributed to abjad, in what roles, and how is that attested?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "contribution-record-q02", "text": "Where authorship is disputed or anonymous, what is recorded instead?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "rights", "name": "Rights and permissions", "description": "Which rights subsist, where, until when, and what they permit.", "findings": [ { "id": "rights-record", "name": "Rights, term and permitted acts", "description": "The regime in force and what it allows.", "questions": [ { "id": "rights-record-q01", "text": "What rights subsist in abjad, in which jurisdictions, and until when?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "rights-record-q02", "text": "Which acts are permitted without further permission, and which must an agent refuse?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a abjad came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a abjad and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a abjad, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a abjad, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a abjad is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a abjad is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a abjad, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a abjad, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a abjad is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }