ytterbium
Let an agent identify ytterbium and its properties, relay isotopes, production and uses from reference sources, explain its roles in lasers and atomic clocks, and distinguish it from yttrium and neighbouring lanthanides.
Bundle → Layer → Finding → Questions Filled
4 bundles · 8 layers · 8 findings · 16 questions
Identify What ytterbium is.
Properties
Properties.
Properties
Properties.
- What are the physical and chemical properties of ytterbium? definition
- Is the question about ytterbium, yttrium or a neighbouring lanthanide? boundary
Isotopes
Isotopes.
Isotopes
Isotopes.
- Which isotopes exist, and how is ytterbium-169 used? definition
- Which entry fits the specific isotope? action
Source Occurrence and production.
Occurrence
Occurrence.
Occurrence
Occurrence.
- Where does ytterbium occur, and how is it separated? provenance
- Which entry fits rare earth mining? action
Supply
Supply.
Supply
Supply.
- Who produces ytterbium, and how is it traded, with sources? measurement
- Which sources are cited? provenance
Use Uses.
Lasers
Lasers.
Lasers
Lasers.
- How are ytterbium-doped fibre and disk lasers used in industry? provenance
- Which entry fits fibre laser? action
Clocks
Clocks and quantum.
Clocks
Clocks.
- How are ytterbium atoms used in optical clocks and quantum computing, as research reports? provenance
- Which references are standard? provenance
Context History.
Discovery
Discovery.
Discovery
Discovery.
- How was ytterbium discovered by Marignac in 1878 and separated by Urbain and Auer von Welsbach? provenance
- Which entry fits Ytterby? action
Metrology
Metrology.
Metrology
Metrology.
- How might ytterbium clocks contribute to redefining the second? provenance
- Which entry fits the definition of the second? action
Classifiers Filled
- Family
- Thing Registry
- Category
- Physical world and living systems
- Entry kind
- thing
- Plane
- PHY
- Domain
- PHY.MAT
- Other names and narrower kinds
- ytterbium-148, ytterbium-149, ytterbium-150, ytterbium-151, ytterbium-151m1, ytterbium-151m2, ytterbium-151m3, ytterbium-152, ytterbium-153, ytterbium-153m, ytterbium-154, ytterbium-155
What it is Filled
A chemical element with symbol Yb and atomic number 70, a soft silvery lanthanide obtained from monazite, xenotime and ion-adsorption clays, used as a dopant in fibre lasers and amplifiers, in stainless steel improvement, in stress gauges, in ytterbium-based optical atomic clocks and in the radioisotope ytterbium-169 as a gamma source for radiography; ytterbium has seven stable isotopes and many radioactive ones, and is one of four elements named after the Swedish village of Ytterby.
Why it exists Filled
Let an agent identify ytterbium and its properties, relay isotopes, production and uses from reference sources, explain its roles in lasers and atomic clocks, and distinguish it from yttrium and neighbouring lanthanides.
Distinguishing features Filled
- Fibre laser dopant
- Optical clock element
- Divalent chemistry
- Ytterby naming
What robots and AI may and may not do Filled
Must not
- Advise handling ytterbium metal or powders without proper protection, since finely divided metal is a fire risk.
- Operate high power fibre lasers it is not authorized to control.
- Misstate the origin of ytterbium to hide its supply chain.
- Present optical clock precision claims without the measurement they come from.
Only with a human decision
- Energising a high power laser or releasing one to service.
May
- Explain ytterbium's properties and its uses in lasers, clocks and gauges.
- Report supply and production figures with source and year.
Moral aspects Filled
- High power fibre lasers can blind and burn at a distance, including from reflections.
- Rare earth processing waste affects communities near plants.
Who is affected
- Laser operators and bystanders
- Communities near processing sites
- Workers handling the metal
Owners Filled
Steward
The holder of each stock; mining rights are granted by the state where it is mined.
Links to other meta-models Filled
parent
- Q19569 - registry parent class
related
- lanthanide - in registry terms
- fiber laser - as a dopant
- optical clock - as a reference atom
- lutetium - element 71
What else AI and robots need to interact with it Filled
Identity and identifiers required Filled
- Vercy registry: vr.tr.ytterbium
- Wikidata: Q1855 (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1855)
- symbol: Yb
- CAS: 7440-64-4
Direct properties required Filled
- atomic number: 70 Z
- standard atomic weight: 173.045 u
- melting point: 824 degrees C
- stable isotopes: 7 count - Yb-168 to Yb-176
Recognition required Filled
- Element 70, symbol Yb
- Lanthanide of fibre lasers and optical clocks
- Yttrium is a different element; thulium and lutetium are the neighbouring lanthanides
- A soft silvery metal that slowly oxidises in air.
Capabilities and actions required Filled
- relay properties and isotopes
- explain production and uses
- explain laser and clock roles
- distinguish from related elements
Hazards and failure modes required Filled
- Confusing with yttrium
- Radiation safety for isotope sources
- Supply concentration
Standards and interfaces required Filled
- Chemical safety data sheets
- Radiation rules for ytterbium-169 sources
- Rare earth trade rules
Context of use required Filled
- Lasers, atomic clocks, radiography and alloys.
- ytterbium metal
- ytterbium compounds such as the oxide
- stable isotopes from ytterbium-168 to ytterbium-176 and radioactive isotopes including ytterbium-169 and light isotopes from ytterbium-148
- ytterbium-doped lasers and amplifiers
- ytterbium in atomic clocks and quantum computing
Sources Filled
- Wikidata item Q1855: ytterbium - identity and sense of the item
- Wikipedia: Ytterbium - general description of the item
Open questions
- Should ytterbium-doped fibre laser be a separate entry?
- How should reference data be linked?
- The registry entry has merged aliases naming short-lived isotopes and isomers; should they be split off?
Machine files
Provenance
thing registry research (pass 2) · unreviewed
Built from: models/things/publications/thing-q1855/spec.json