{ "model": { "rank": 5211, "code": "thing-q185733", "model_id": "vr.tr.philanthropy", "name": "philanthropy", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise philanthropic activity, assess its commitments and consequences, and identify justified next actions while preserving disagreements about public benefit, donor power and accountability.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Activities and processes", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "ACT", "domain": "ACT.ACT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q185733/", "tier": 2, "score": 69, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "philanthropy of Elon Musk", "philanthropy of Jolin Tsai", "stunt philanthropism", "philanthropy of Basshunter", "philanthropy of BTS", "philanthropy of Michael Jackson" ], "aliasCount": 6, "merged": 6, "knownIn": 69, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q185733", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185733", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T21:53:59Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 23.4, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08828-c33b-7542-9a11-a06025b81675\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: philanthropy\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: ACT.ACT\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 1001 things:\n# Batch 005: 1001 re", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 71.6, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08828-c335-7571-b1e8-d7daea48b146\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: philanthropy\nRegistry id: vr.tr.philanthropy\nPlane / domain: ACT / ACT.ACT\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q185733", "registryId": "vr.tr.philanthropy", "name": "philanthropy", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "ACT.ACT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q185733/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.philanthropy", "name": "philanthropy", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise philanthropic activity, assess its commitments and consequences, and identify justified next actions while preserving disagreements about public benefit, donor power and accountability.", "definition": "Philanthropy is the voluntary commitment of private resources to purposes understood as serving a public or common good, although its boundaries with charity, mutual aid, and political activity - and who defines that good - are contested.", "scope_statement": "This model owns philanthropy as an activity of committing private resources toward a claimed public or community benefit, including competing definitions, resource commitments, allocation decisions, relationships with affected people and assessment of results; it does not presume that philanthropic intent establishes actual benefit.", "in_scope": [ "Definitions of philanthropy and the criteria used to classify particular activities", "Commitments of money, assets, time, expertise and relationships for claimed public or community benefit", "Selection of causes, recipients, intermediaries and funding mechanisms", "Donor influence, recipient autonomy and accountability to affected communities", "Delivery, outcomes, harms, learning and the fulfilment or termination of commitments" ], "out_of_scope": [ "The complete organisational model of a foundation, charity or nonprofit", "Tax treatment, charitable registration and jurisdiction-specific legal compliance", "Commercial investment and ordinary purchases whose primary terms exchange equivalent private benefits", "Mandatory taxation and public expenditure as governmental activities", "The complete model of volunteering, mutual aid or political campaigning independent of their relationship to philanthropy" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "A philanthropic classification requires an identifiable commitment of private resources and a stated benefit beyond equivalent direct compensation to the contributor; goodwill alone does not establish an instance.", "Public-benefit intent and demonstrated public benefit must be recorded separately: an activity can make a philanthropic claim while producing disputed or harmful results.", "Charitable legal status is evidence about a legal category, not sufficient evidence that every activity of the organisation is philanthropic.", "Mutual aid can overlap with philanthropy, but reciprocal membership obligations and shared control distinguish it from donor-directed giving; classification must preserve that difference.", "Sponsorship, impact investment and corporate giving require examination of expected financial, promotional or controlling returns rather than classification from their labels alone." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Adopted conception of philanthropy", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Explicit definition with attribution; for example, voluntary private giving, organised public-benefit action or community-centred giving", "why_it_matters": "Different conceptions include different activities and require different evidence." }, { "name": "Claimed public or community benefit", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Contributor or organiser → intended change → affected population", "why_it_matters": "Makes the benefit claim inspectable and identifies whose interests it purports to serve." }, { "name": "Resource commitment", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Money in stated currency and valuation date; time in hours; noncash resources in appropriate quantities, with valuation method if monetised", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes nominal promises from resources available for use without forcing unlike contributions into a misleading total." }, { "name": "Commitment status", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Proposed, pledged, conditional, transferred, deployed, completed, suspended or withdrawn", "why_it_matters": "Determines what recipients can reasonably plan around and which obligations remain outstanding." }, { "name": "Giving mechanism", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Direct gift, grant, in-kind contribution, contributed service, pooled giving or mixed mechanism; record repayable and investment components separately", "why_it_matters": "The mechanism changes who controls resources, carries risk and receives benefits." }, { "name": "Allocation authority", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Named actors → proposal, selection, veto, revision and withdrawal rights", "why_it_matters": "Reveals where decision power sits and whether participation changes actual decisions." }, { "name": "Restrictions and reciprocity", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Unrestricted or restricted use, with explicit conditions and any expected financial, reputational, relational or political return", "why_it_matters": "Clarifies recipient freedom and contested boundaries with exchange, influence and obligation." }, { "name": "Outcome evidence status", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Not assessed, activity documented, outcome observed, contribution supported, causal attribution supported or contested; attach method and limitations", "why_it_matters": "Prevents expenditure, donor intent or recipient testimony from being treated automatically as proof of impact." }, { "name": "Recipient funding dependence", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Percentage of recipient income over a stated period attributable to the contributor, where available", "why_it_matters": "Helps assess whether conditions or withdrawal could constrain recipient independence or continuity." } ], "affordances": [ "Classify a proposed activity under explicit definitions of philanthropy and explain borderline cases.", "Trace a commitment from contributor through intermediaries to recipient use while separating pledges from transfers.", "Compare allocation options against stated benefit aims, community priorities and evidence limitations.", "Identify donor conditions, conflicts of interest and decision rights requiring review or renegotiation.", "Assess reported benefits and harms without equating spending with impact.", "Propose renewal, revision, suspension or responsible exit for review by authorised decision-makers." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "meaning-and-boundaries", "name": "Meaning and boundaries", "description": "Establishes which conception of philanthropy is being applied and how it handles contested cases.", "rationale": "An agent cannot recognise philanthropy reliably by assuming that one definition, legal label or donor description is universally accepted.", "layers": [ { "id": "conceptions-and-instances", "name": "Conceptions and instances", "description": "Connects definitions and their proponents to observable inclusion criteria.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-dependent-membership", "name": "Definition-dependent membership", "description": "Record the adopted definition, who advances it and what evidence would qualify an activity as an instance; preserve alternative classifications where definitions disagree.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the adopted definition require voluntary giving, altruistic motivation, public benefit, institutional organisation or some combination?", "kind": "definition", "id": "definition-dependent-membership-q01" }, { "text": "Which scholars, practitioners or communities hold this definition, and which competing definitions affect this case?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "definition-dependent-membership-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "neighbouring-practices", "name": "Neighbouring practices", "description": "Tests overlaps with charity, mutual aid, obligation, sponsorship and investment.", "findings": [ { "id": "giving-exchange-and-obligation", "name": "Giving, exchange and obligation", "description": "Record expected returns and obligations rather than treating philanthropy, reciprocal support and commercial exchange as automatically exclusive categories.", "questions": [ { "text": "What does the contributor expect in return, and does that expectation change classification under the adopted definition?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "giving-exchange-and-obligation-q01" }, { "text": "How should this case be classified if giving fulfils a religious, familial or communal obligation, or places allocation under mutual-aid governance?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "giving-exchange-and-obligation-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "resources-and-commitments", "name": "Resources and commitments", "description": "Follows what is contributed, under which terms and with what certainty of delivery.", "rationale": "Philanthropic announcements, transferred resources and usable support represent materially different states.", "layers": [ { "id": "contribution-origin-and-value", "name": "Contribution origin and value", "description": "Identifies the contributor, resource origin and basis for describing the contribution's value.", "findings": [ { "id": "traceable-contribution", "name": "Traceable contribution", "description": "Record resource type, ownership or authority to contribute, provenance and valuation limitations, including concerns raised about the source of wealth.", "questions": [ { "text": "Who supplies the resources, through which vehicles, and what evidence establishes their authority to commit them?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "traceable-contribution-q01" }, { "text": "How are cash, assets, services and time measured, and which valuations should remain separate rather than be summed?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "traceable-contribution-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "delivery-and-conditions", "name": "Delivery and conditions", "description": "Tracks the movement from promise to usable support and the conditions attached.", "findings": [ { "id": "usable-support", "name": "Usable support", "description": "Distinguish pledged, transferred and deployed resources, recording restrictions, instalments, renewal assumptions and withdrawal provisions.", "questions": [ { "text": "What proportion of the commitment has reached recipients, when, and with which restrictions or intermediary deductions?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "usable-support-q01" }, { "text": "Which unmet conditions or delayed payments require clarification, renegotiation or contingency planning?", "kind": "action", "id": "usable-support-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "benefit-and-allocation", "name": "Benefit and allocation", "description": "Makes cause selection, benefit claims and recipient selection open to examination.", "rationale": "A philanthropic act directs scarce resources according to priorities that may differ from those of the people affected.", "layers": [ { "id": "public-benefit-claims", "name": "Public-benefit claims", "description": "Identifies intended beneficiaries, intended changes and disagreement about their desirability.", "findings": [ { "id": "whose-benefit", "name": "Whose benefit", "description": "Record who defines the problem and desired change, who is included or excluded, and whose account challenges the claimed benefit.", "questions": [ { "text": "What makes the intended outcome a public or community benefit under the adopted conception of philanthropy?", "kind": "definition", "id": "whose-benefit-q01" }, { "text": "Whose expressed priorities support the chosen aim, and whose priorities or objections remain unrepresented?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "whose-benefit-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "recipient-and-mechanism-selection", "name": "Recipient and mechanism selection", "description": "Examines how the stated aim becomes a choice of recipients and forms of support.", "findings": [ { "id": "allocation-reasoning", "name": "Allocation reasoning", "description": "Record selection criteria, alternatives considered and reasons for using particular recipients, intermediaries or delivery mechanisms.", "questions": [ { "text": "What evidence and value judgments explain the chosen allocation over plausible alternatives, including direct or unrestricted support?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "allocation-reasoning-q01" }, { "text": "Should eligibility rules, application requirements or funding terms change to address barriers identified by intended recipients?", "kind": "action", "id": "allocation-reasoning-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "power-and-accountability", "name": "Power and accountability", "description": "Examines control over philanthropic decisions and the means available to question or contest them.", "rationale": "Donor discretion and recipient dependence can shape whose knowledge counts and whether affected people can influence decisions.", "layers": [ { "id": "donor-and-community-authority", "name": "Donor and community authority", "description": "Maps formal and practical influence across contributors, intermediaries, recipients and affected communities.", "findings": [ { "id": "effective-decision-rights", "name": "Effective decision rights", "description": "Distinguish consultation from shared or delegated authority and identify conditions that constrain recipient independence.", "questions": [ { "text": "Who can set priorities, approve recipients, veto expenditure or change the programme, and what evidence shows those rights operate in practice?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "effective-decision-rights-q01" }, { "text": "Which decisions could be delegated or conditions revised to address documented imbalances in authority?", "kind": "action", "id": "effective-decision-rights-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "scrutiny-and-redress", "name": "Scrutiny and redress", "description": "Records conflicts, disclosure arrangements and routes for complaints and remedy.", "findings": [ { "id": "contestable-philanthropy", "name": "Contestable philanthropy", "description": "Identify who can question the activity, what information they can access and whether complaints can lead to correction without jeopardising essential support.", "questions": [ { "text": "What donor or intermediary interests, benefits and conflicts have been disclosed, and by whom?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "contestable-philanthropy-q01" }, { "text": "What can an affected person do to challenge a decision or seek remedy, and who has authority to respond?", "kind": "action", "id": "contestable-philanthropy-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequences-and-continuity", "name": "Consequences and continuity", "description": "Assesses what philanthropic support changes and how commitments should evolve or end.", "rationale": "An agent needs evidence about consequences and dependency to judge whether continued support, revision or exit is justified.", "layers": [ { "id": "benefits-harms-and-evidence", "name": "Benefits, harms and evidence", "description": "Separates delivered activities from outcomes and evaluates claims about the contribution of philanthropy.", "findings": [ { "id": "supported-outcome-claims", "name": "Supported outcome claims", "description": "Record observed changes, distribution of benefits and harms, evidence methods and uncertainty about what would have happened without support.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which benefits and harms were observed, for whom and over what period, using whose indicators?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "supported-outcome-claims-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence supports a contribution or causal claim beyond the fact that funding and an outcome occurred together?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "supported-outcome-claims-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "renewal-and-responsible-exit", "name": "Renewal and responsible exit", "description": "Connects learning and outstanding commitments to continuation, redesign or withdrawal.", "findings": [ { "id": "continuity-obligations", "name": "Continuity obligations", "description": "Record dependence on support, expectations created and transition options before recommending changes to funding.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which services, livelihoods or community capabilities depend on this contribution, and for how long could they continue without it?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "continuity-obligations-q01" }, { "text": "Given results, harms and outstanding commitments, what renewal, redesign or exit arrangement should an authorised decision-maker consider?", "kind": "action", "id": "continuity-obligations-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "This describes philanthropy as an activity and contested concept, rather than a particular organisation or legal status; all content is recalled rather than researched.", "The listed kinds overlap: donor categories and approaches to giving are not mutually exclusive.", "Check each study's inclusion rules for religious giving, volunteering, informal transfers, advocacy, and investment before comparing philanthropy totals." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of philanthropy this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Individual and family philanthropy", "Foundation philanthropy", "Corporate philanthropy", "Community philanthropy", "Strategic philanthropy", "Venture philanthropy" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of philanthropy this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Funding education, research, healthcare, and cultural institutions", "Supporting poverty relief, humanitarian assistance, and disaster recovery", "Financing advocacy, community organising, and institutional reform", "Supporting environmental protection and conservation", "Providing grants or other resources for experiments that public or commercial funders may not support" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of philanthropy this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Resources donated during a reporting period", "typical_range": "No universal typical range; cash, in-kind contributions, and volunteer time require separate accounting or explicit valuation rules.", "unit": "Currency per reporting period; hours for volunteer time" }, { "quantity": "Giving as a share of donor income", "typical_range": "Varies by donor and income definition; not meaningful when the income denominator is zero or negative.", "unit": "%" }, { "quantity": "Grantmaking concentration", "typical_range": "0-100 for the share of grant value allocated to a specified recipient group, cause, or geography.", "unit": "%" }, { "quantity": "Beneficiary outcomes attributable to support", "typical_range": "Intervention-specific; requires a credible counterfactual and cannot be inferred from donation totals.", "unit": "Outcome-specific" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of philanthropy this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Donor priorities can displace community priorities or concentrate influence without equivalent public accountability.", "Restricted or short-term funding can leave recipients unable to cover operating costs or sustain services.", "Weak evaluation can mistake activities, spending, or participant counts for beneficial outcomes.", "Giving can support reputation laundering, conflicts of interest, or dependence on donors whose activities undermine the funded purpose.", "Poorly designed interventions can reinforce paternalism, exclusion, or existing inequalities." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of philanthropy this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Legal recognition, tax treatment, and permissible activities differ across jurisdictions; philanthropy is not a single legal category.", "Religious giving traditions shape practice, but obligatory giving such as zakat complicates definitions centred exclusively on voluntariness.", "Informal giving, diaspora support, and reciprocal community practices may be prominent while remaining poorly represented in institutional giving statistics." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of philanthropy this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Charity", "difference": "Often emphasises direct assistance or relief, whereas philanthropy may also pursue institutional or structural change; ordinary usage substantially overlaps." }, { "name": "Mutual aid", "difference": "Typically emphasises reciprocal solidarity and participant control; philanthropy can involve a separate donor allocating resources to recipients." }, { "name": "Public expenditure", "difference": "Uses public resources under governmental authority rather than private resources voluntarily committed by donors." }, { "name": "Impact investing", "difference": "Intentionally pursues social or environmental impact alongside financial return; philanthropic grants do not ordinarily require financial repayment." }, { "name": "Corporate social responsibility", "difference": "Covers a company's responsibilities and operating practices more broadly; corporate philanthropy concerns its contributions to public-benefit purposes." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of philanthropy this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Which reference works and practitioner traditions should anchor the competing definitions, and how do their criteria differ across cultural and religious settings?", "Where should the model place obligatory giving, mutual aid, remittances and political donations when participants describe them as philanthropy?", "How should public or community benefit be assessed when donors, recipients and other affected groups disagree about the desired change?", "Which evidence standards are proportionate for small informal gifts, long-term institutional support and attempts at systemic change?", "How should the provenance of contributed wealth, donor influence and possible reparative obligations affect assessment of philanthropic activity?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 17, "questions": 27 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a philanthropy, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to recognise philanthropic activity, assess its commitments and consequences, and identify justified next actions while preserving disagreements about public benefit, donor power and accountability.", "characteristics": { "substance": "activity", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: philanthropy of Elon Musk, philanthropy of Jolin Tsai, stunt philanthropism, philanthropy of Basshunter, philanthropy of BTS, philanthropy of Michael Jackson.", "6 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 69 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a philanthropy, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "something that happens over time", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "philanthropy of Elon Musk", "philanthropy of Jolin Tsai", "stunt philanthropism", "philanthropy of Basshunter", "philanthropy of BTS", "philanthropy of Michael Jackson" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 69 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 6 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one philanthropy from another, and a philanthropy from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a philanthropy, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a philanthropy, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a philanthropy is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a philanthropy, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a philanthropy, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a philanthropy is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a philanthropy sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a philanthropy, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a philanthropy, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a philanthropy is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a philanthropy from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a philanthropy, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a philanthropy, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a philanthropy is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a philanthropy passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a philanthropy between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a philanthropy, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a philanthropy, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a philanthropy is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a philanthropy, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a philanthropy is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a philanthropy, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a philanthropy, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a philanthropy is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "process-and-outcome", "name": "Process, inputs and outcome", "description": "How a philanthropy proceeds, what it needs and what it leaves behind.", "rationale": "An activity is known by its steps and its results, and both have to be recordable while it is still running.", "layers": [ { "id": "steps-and-sequence", "name": "Steps and sequence", "description": "The steps of a philanthropy, their order and what may run in parallel.", "findings": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions", "name": "Steps, preconditions and completion", "description": "What has to be true before each step of a philanthropy and what marks it done.", "questions": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a step of a philanthropy, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a step of a philanthropy, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a step of a philanthropy is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-results", "name": "Inputs, resources and results", "description": "What a philanthropy consumes and what it produces.", "findings": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs", "name": "Inputs, outputs and side effects", "description": "The resources a philanthropy takes and the results it leaves, wanted or not.", "questions": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the inputs and results of a philanthropy, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the inputs and results of a philanthropy, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the inputs and results of a philanthropy is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What philanthropy is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of philanthropy are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is philanthropy operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of philanthropy and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of philanthropy?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as philanthropy?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a philanthropy came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a philanthropy and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a philanthropy, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a philanthropy, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a philanthropy is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a philanthropy is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a philanthropy, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a philanthropy, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a philanthropy is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }